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H Traurig

Publications and source records attributed to H Traurig.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Ontogenic development of secretogranin II and of its processing to secretoneurin in rat brain.

The ontogenic development of secretogranin II was studied by immunochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Extracts of brains from various developmental stages were analyzed by a radioimmunoassay for secretoneurin, a peptide derived from secretogranin II. From gestational day 13 to adulthood the levels increased from 0.1 to 94 fmol/mg wet weight. Characterization of the immunoreactivity by molecular sieve chromatography revealed that throughout all developmental stages the proprotein secretogranin II was fully processed to the free peptide secretoneurin. In immunohistochemistry secretoneurin-IR was first detected at embryonic day 13. Between embryonic days 14 and 18 a strong increase in the number of secretoneurin immunopositive cells was observed in many brain areas, notably in the amygdala, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb and several brainstem nuclei. The pattern of staining during development is quite similar to that in the adult. The present paper demonstrates that secretoneurin immunoreactivity appears early in embryonic life. Processing of the proprotein secretogranin II starts when the protein is first synthesized apparently at about the same time when the prohormone convertase PC1 and PC2 can be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Synaptophysin and synaptoporin expression in the developing rat olfactory system.

The expressions of two closely related synaptic vesicle antigens synaptophysin and synaptoporin were examined in the olfactory system of the adult rat and during pre- and postnatal development. In the adult, immunocytochemistry showed that the continuously regenerating olfactory receptor neurons (primary neurons) produce both synaptophysin and synaptoporin which were localized in the cell bodies of the receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium, their dendrites, axonal processes in the olfactory nerve and their terminals in the olfactory bulb glomeruli. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis revealed synaptophysin- and synaptoporin-immunoreactivities associated with synaptic vesicles in most olfactory receptor axonal terminals impinging on dendrites of the mitral and tufted neurons (secondary neurons in the olfactory bulb circuitry) in the olfactory glomeruli. In like manner, tufted neurons, granule and periglomerular neurons (interneurons in the olfactory bulb circuitry) express both synaptophysin and synaptoporin. In contrast, mitral neurons expressed only the synaptophysin antigen which was likewise associated with mitral axonal terminals in their target the olfactory cortex. The patterns of synaptophysin and synaptoporin expressions in mitral neurons (synaptophysin only) and tufted neurons (synaptophysin and synaptoporin) were similar in prenatal, postnatal and adult rats as revealed by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. However, the biosynthesis of synaptophysin and synaptoporin by granule and periglomerular neurons, olfactory bulb interneurons, occurred mainly postnatally.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The distribution of substance P, enkephalin, and serotonin immunoreactivities in the area postrema of the rat and cat.

With the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique the distribution of substance P (SP), enkephalin (ENK), and serotonin (5HT) immunoreactivities were described in the area postrema of the rat and cat. In both species, immunoreactivity in the area postrema was differentially distributed as either fibers only, or cell bodies and fibers. In the rat and cat, ENK had the greatest accumulation of immunoreactive fibers, followed by 5HT and SP. In the area postrema of the rat the majority of SP-, ENK-, and 5HT-immunoreactive fibers were along the ventral and ventrolateral borders, with fewer immunostained fibers at the dorsal surface. The area postrema of the cat had the majority of SP-, ENK-, and 5HT-immunoreactive fibers at the ventral and lateral borders, with fewer immunostained fibers at the dorsal and medial borders. In both species, the area postrema's central region contained the fewest immunostained fibers. In general, for each putative neurotransmitter examined, immunostained fibers in both species progressively decreased in number rostrocaudally. Serotonin- and ENK-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the rat area postrema; in the cat area postrema only ENK-immunoreactive cell bodies were present. The area postrema of both species lacked SP-immunoreactive cell bodies. The heterogeneous distribution of immunoreactive fibers and cell bodies within the area postrema of the rat and cat may reflect the different functions of the area postrema in both species.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Substance P immunoreactivity in the rat mammary nipple and the effects of capsaicin treatment on lactation.

Tissue concentrations of substance P immunoreactivity (SP-I) were measured in rat mammary nipples and were significantly greater than in ventral abdominal skin in nonpregnant and pregnant rats. In contrast, the concentration of nipple SP-I was lower than that of skin in twelve day lactating animals. The mean total SP-I content of the pooled twelve nipples from each rat was not significantly different in nonpregnant, pregnant or lactating rats. However, the mean weight of the pooled twelve nipples from each rat was significantly higher in the lactating rats than in pregnant rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed SP-I nerve trunks and single fibers throughout the nipples of lactating rats. Nerve fibers were observed among smooth muscle and along blood vessels throughout the dermis and in association with epidermal structures. Some SP-I fibers were also observed in association with the main lactiferous duct and mammary gland secretory parenchyma. Radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry of nipples from lactating rats treated with capsaicin as neonates revealed a marked depletion of SP-I. Rats treated with capsaicin as neonates had a normal gestation period and produced litters of normal size and birth weight. However, the litters of these lactating rats grew at a significantly slower rate than litters from controls. The quantity of milk obtained from capsaicin-treated lactating dams, following a one hour suckling period on the twelfth day of lactation, was significantly less than that obtained by litters of control dams. It is concluded that capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory nerves of the mammary nipple play a role in the afferent limb of the suckling reflex. One transmitter candidate for these nerves is substance P.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Substance P in primary afferent neurons of the female rat reproductive system.

The amount of substance P-immunoreactivity (SP-I) was studied in the female rat reproductive organs (uterus, cervix, vagina and ovary) in the diestrous and estrous stages of the estrous cycle, after ovariectomy and on days 7, 14 and 19 of pregnancy. The concentration of SP-I (pmol X g-1 tissue) was generally highest in the vagina followed by cervix, uterus and ovary. SP-I concentrations in all reproductive organs were significantly higher following ovariectomy but significantly lower during pregnancy compared to concentrations from intact rats. There were no significant differences in the total content of SP-I per organ during the estrous cycle, after ovariectomy or during pregnancy (cervix, vagina). SP-I concentrations were markedly reduced in the reproductive organs of adult rats treated with capsaicin as neonates. This led to the conclusion that SP in reproductive organs is present in primary afferent fibers. The findings indicate that the number of SP-I containing primary afferent fibers in the female reproductive organs are stable elements neither increasing nor decreasing in response to changing hormonal levels or to the tissue growth and differentiation occurring during the estrous cycle or pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of neonatal capsaicin treatment on growth and subsequent reproductive function in the rat.

The results of the present study describe the following effects of neonatal capsaicin treatment on growth and reproductive function in the rat. Neonatal capsaicin treatment in the rat resulted in a retardation of body growth through adulthood most pronounced at 35 days of age. Capsaicin-treated rats had normal estrous cycles, but mated significantly less frequently than age-matched controls. Confirmed matings in capsaicin-treated female rats resulted in significantly fewer pregnancies compared to controls. Male rats treated with capsaicin as neonates produced significantly fewer pregnancies when mated with untreated females compared to controls. Ovulation, sperm transport, and fertilization occur normally in capsaicin-treated rats. The decidual response was markedly diminished in mated capsaicin-treated rats. These findings led to the conclusion that the neurohormonal reflex, which is normally initiated through the stimulation of the cervix by copulation, and which ultimately stimulates secretion of pituitary luteotropic hormones, did not occur in capsaicin-treated rats. Thus, ovarian progesterone secretion was not facilitated resulting in inadequate hormonal support for implantation, pregnancy or pseudo-pregnancy. These data further suggest that the sensory limb of this neurohormonal reflex may consist of capsaicin-sensitive, possibly substance P containing, primary afferent fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactivity in rat and cat area postrema.

The distribution of FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactivity, visualized with immunohistochemical techniques, was plotted in a range from very dense to none. The rat area postrema had differential immunostaining with the greatest amounts occurring at its ventral and ventrolateral borders by the nucleus of the solitary tract. Immunoreactive cell bodies were located mainly in this region. Throughout the central region of the rat area postrema scattered immunostaining was consistently observed. The cat area postrema had a different, greater, and more complex pattern of immunostaining than the rat. Very dense to dense accumulations of immunostaining occurred in the ventromedial region of the area postrema bordering the solitary tract and dorsal vagal nuclei, while the central region possessed scattered amounts of immunoreactivity. Following colchicine treatment, no visible FMRF-NH2-like immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the cat area postrema.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of topical application of dextran on the gingiva of the beagle dog.

Dextrans derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides were placed on clinically healthy gingiva of Beagle dogs once a day for 21 days. Control gingival tissues received saline. Both healthy controls and dextran-treated tissues were brushed daily. Inflamed control tissues were obtained by allowing plaque to accumulate for 21 days. Tissues receiving daily application of dextran solutions developed chronic gingival inflammation but displayed no clinical signs of gingivitis. Healthy control gingival tissues showed no clinical signs of gingivitis and minor histologic inflammatory changes. Tissues exposed to dental plaque showed the typical clinical and histological inflammatory changes of gingivitis. Thus dextran, a substance similar to the extracellular polysaccharide found in dental plaque, was able to penetrate the sulcular epithelium, enter healthy gingival connective tissue and cause chronic inflammation. This connective tissue inflammation occurred without inducing any of the clinical signs of gingivitis. Therefore, it is concluded that dextran produced one component of the gingivitis response, chronic histologic inflammation, independent of another major component of the disease, clinical inflammation.

Administration, Topical↗