Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Tsoukali-Papadopoulou.
Poisoning of rare birds of prey (7 Aegipius monachus and 1 Aquila chrysaetus) and 11 foxes by carbofuran is reported. The poisoning is an ecological disaster because of the death of A monachus, which is a rare species. Identification, confirmation and distribution of the toxic substance was performed by TLC and HPLC techniques.
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode-array method for the analysis of 23 drugs of forensic interest is presented. The separation method development was based on mobile-phase optimisation, temperature control and use of three ODS stationary phases. Multiwavelength detection and quantitation was performed at 225, 232, 239, 254, 275 and 289 nm. Absorbance rationing proved to be very helpful for the identification of these drugs. Recognition of the analysed compounds was achieved by means of correlation of retention time and absorbance ratios. The method was directly applied to the analysis of illicit heroin and cocaine samples and to the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations containing codeine.
Concentrations of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in liver and kidney of goats was determined. Goats were intended for human consumption and bred in the rural area of Arnea and in the metal contaminated area of Olympias. A total of 104 specimens were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Zinc and lead concentrations were within acceptable limits. Copper levels were deficient in animals from the Olympias area. Cadmium levels from Olympias were higher than those from Arnea. Liver and particularly kidney specimens from Olympias had cadmium levels exceeding tolerance limits and should be avoided for human consumption.
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A rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in albumin and yolk of eggs is described. Conditions of isolation and identification are presented in detail. The detection limit is 10 ppb and the linearity is very good up to 2500 ppb CAP. The recovery of the method is 82 and 77%, and the precision is 6.6 and 11.1% for the albumin and yolk determinations respectively. The method was tested to quantitate CAP residues in eggs of 5 laying hens to which CAP had been administered in feed at a concentration of 800 mg/kg. CAP was detected in albumin and yolk of eggs laid 3 and 8 days after the CAP administration, respectively.
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A suicidal poisoning committed by a 19-year-old pregnant woman, who ingested an unknown quantity of an aqueous solution mecarbam (trade name includes 'Murfotox') containing 68 g/l of S-(N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylcarbamoyl methyl) O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate (C.R. Worthing (Ed.), The Pesticide Manual, 6th end, BCPC, 1980) is described. The pesticide crossed the placental barrier and caused the death of the fetus. Toxicologic analysis of mecarbam in several tissues and fluids of mother-fetus revealed its distribution. The analysis was performed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GC). The case described serves to point out the ease with which mecarbam crossed the placental barrier, its high concentration in the lungs and the considerably higher concentrations in fetal than in mother's tissues.
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The toxicological analysis of post-mortem materials often help determine the cause of death. When tissues have been fixed in formalin it may be possible to extract several drugs from the tissue and/or the preserving fluid. An unusual case of multiple poisoning is discussed from the aspect of laboratory analysis.
In the present study, fluctuations of trace elements Mg, Ca and Zn concentrations with time on skin-induced injuries was investigated. To accomplish this, 144 animals (pig) aged between 5-6 months scheduled for food provision process (slaughter) were used. At the gluteus area, injuries were induced prior to slaughter at intervals of 30 s, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8 h. Local anaesthesia and cold therapy for prompt relief of pain (ethylchloride, C2H5Cl) was applied. Postmortem tissue excision in and around the injured site was promptly performed. The tissue obtained was segmented into three zones of equal distances (2 cm) in between and weighed 3 g wet weight. Tissue specimens were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy for the three elements. The results were correlated with time of injury. Suggestive alterations in trace elements mean concentrations with time were confirmed. The ratios of the mean in twos (Ca/Zn, Ca/Mg, Mg/Zn) versus time were graphed. Effectively, the curves achieved by analysing postmortem tissues, serve to estimate the time of an injury induced in vivo.
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