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Biomedical subjects

H Volk

Publications and source records attributed to H Volk.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Increased bloodstream infection rates in surgical patients associated with variation from recommended use and care following implementation of a needleless device.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if an apparent increase in bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) was associated with the implementation of a needleless access device. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using a derived CVC-days factor for estimating appropriate denominator data. SETTING: A 350-bed urban, acute, tertiary-care hospital. METHODS: BSI surveillance data were obtained, and high-risk areas for BSIs were determined. A random 5% sample of medical records was used to estimate CVC days, and a cohort study was conducted to compare BSI rates before and during needleless device use. A survey was conducted of nursing needleless-device practices. RESULTS: The surgical intensive-care unit (SICU), the medical intensive-care unit, and the solid organ transplant unit (OTU) were identified as high-risk units. Using existing surveillance BSI data and the estimated CVC days, the catheter-related BSI rates in the high-risk surgical patients were significantly higher during the needleless-device period compared with the preneedleless-device period (SICU, 9.4 vs 5.0/1,000 CVC days; OTU, 13.6 vs 2.2/1,000 CVC days). A survey of the nurses revealed that 60% to 70% were maintaining the needleless devices correctly. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant increase in the BSI rate in two surgical units, SICU and OTU, associated with introduction of a needleless device. This increase occurred shortly after the needleless device was implemented and was associated with nurses' unfamiliarity with the device, and needless-device use and care practices different from the manufacturer's recommendations.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed1993

Adjuvant tamoxifen versus placebo in elderly women with node-positive breast cancer: long-term follow-up and causes of death.

PURPOSE: This study analyzes the long-term results and causes of death in elderly women with node-positive breast cancer who participated in a double-blind adjuvant trial that compared tamoxifen with placebo to determine the benefit of 2 years of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-one women 65 to 84 years old were given 20 mg of tamoxifen or placebo daily for 2 years after stratification by estrogen receptor status, tumor size, and degree of lymph node involvement. Approximately 30% of patients were older than 70 years and 20% were older than 75 years. Eighty-five percent were estrogen receptor-positive. Median follow-up was 10 years. RESULTS: Among the 168 eligible patients, there have been 98 recurrences (59 placebo v 39 tamoxifen), with reduced distant and bone-only first sites in patients treated with tamoxifen. Median time to failure was 4.4 years for placebo versus 7.4 years for tamoxifen (log-rank P = .001). A similar number of new nonbreast cancers occurred in each arm (seven placebo v six tamoxifen), but a reduced number of opposite-breast cancers (five placebo v one tamoxifen) was noted. Overall, there were 102 deaths (57 placebo v 45 tamoxifen). Median survivals were 8.0 years with placebo and 8.5 years with tamoxifen (log-rank P = .063); 50% of the tamoxifen patients and 33% of the placebo patients are still alive. Sixty-one percent of the deaths were reported to have been caused by breast cancer recurrence, 4% by other cancers, and 22% by the sequelae of non-cancer-related illness, with equal distributions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. There was no increase in the number of endometrial or other types of cancer, or thrombotic or orthopedic complications in this older group. CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen currently is the treatment of choice for elderly women with breast cancer. It extends the time to treatment failure by 3 years and reduces the number of recurrences, deaths, distant and bone-only first recurrences, and second breast cancers.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Intra- and postoperative complications in palliative and curative interventions].

During 1982 and 1989 we treated 95 patients with ductal pancreatic carcinoma. Of these, 32.6% (31/95) had resection. The operation lethality was 3% (1/31), the clinical lethality 12% (4/31). The median length of survival was 6,8 months. Almost half of the potential curatively operated patients showed complications. Remarkable, that patients, operated in stages III and IV have been involved over proportionally often. Complications are the intra- and postoperative bleeding, the pancreatic fistulae, the intra-abdominal abscess, the sepsis and cardiopulmonary insufficiencies. 33 Patients underwent palliative operation, where the complication rate was significantly lower. Indeed, 5 patients who got a biliodigestive anastomosis, subsequently developed a pyloric or duodenal stenosis and had to be reoperated. The 30-day-lethality of the palliatively operated patients was 13% (4/33), the clinical lethality was 15% (5/33) and the median length of survival was 5,6 months. 24 patients underwent exploratory laparotomy and 7 patients were inoperable. Due to the higher complication rate in the curatively operated patients and only little higher life expectancy, an extensive surgical treatment of pancreatic carcinoma should only be considered effective in selected cases and in an early stage of carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in the rat hippocampus. A quantitative methodological study.

The diaminobenzidine (DAB) method was adapted for the microphotometric determination of cytochrome c oxidase (cyt ox) in the rat hippocampus. The qualitative and quantitative investigations at the light microscopic level showed that acetone and cytochrome c pretreatment of cryostat sections resulted in a significant increase of demonstrable cyt ox activities. The final incubation medium consisted of 7.5 mM DAB, 2% polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and 6% dimethyl sulfoxide in 0.1 M Hepes buffer; final pH 7.5. PVA was used to keep DAB and artificially oxidized DAB in solution. In the kinetic and endpoint measurements a linear response of the reaction with highest slope was observed only in the initial 5-6 min of reaction. Thereafter the slope decreased. Ultracytochemical demonstrations, which were performed as a topochemical control, showed reaction product only in mitochondria (cristae and intermembranous space). In contrast to vibratome sections all mitochondria reacted positively in cryostat sections of aldehyde-fixed hippocampi. The enhancement of reaction after acetone pretreatment of cryostat sections (light microscopic level) and after a freezing step in ultracytochemistry is discussed in connection with diffusion problems of DAB through mitochondrial membranes.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed1988

Partial splenectomy for treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia in childhood.

The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the efficiency of partial splenic resection in treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytepenie purpura (Werlhof-Disease). In all but one case remissions of thrombocyte counts over 100 Gpt/l could be achieved. Immunological studies demonstrate the existence of a suppressor-state after this operation, which could be responsible for success of this procedure. In contrast to general considerations the partial-splenectomized child must be considered as an immunological deficient organism for about 6 to 12 months. Restoration of immunological-means whole splenic functions-parameters is to expect always after this time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hemipelvectomy for neoplasms not originating in the pelvis.

10 patients underwent hemipelvectomy, mainly for sarcomas originating high in the thigh, or melanomas and epidermoid carcinomas metastatic to the groin. 1 patient died postoperatively, 3 lived 5-12 years and 1 died of unrelated cause 2 years after the operation, all free of recurrence. Tumors treated successfully were large and with indolent locoregional growth, often despite repeated unsuccessful local treatment attempts. These tumor characteristics should be considered as favorable features, in selecting such patients for hemipelvectomy. Conversely 3 patients with melanoma had short history before and died soon after the operation, contraindicating hemipelvectomy in locally advanced melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The prognostic significance of tumor location and bowel obstruction in Dukes B and C colorectal cancer. Findings from the NSABP clinical trials.

The present study examines the prognostic significance of tumor location and bowel obstruction in Dukes B and C colorectal cancer. Data were obtained from 1021 patients entered into two randomized prospective clinical trials of the NSABP. Tumor location proved to be a strong prognostic discriminant. Lesions located in the left colon demonstrated the most favorable prognosis. Tumors of the rectosigmoid and rectum had the worst prognosis with the relative risk of treatment failure for the latter being over three fold that of the left colon. When the relative risks associated with tumor location were adjusted for nodal imbalances, the left colon continued to demonstrate the most favorable prognosis. The presence of bowel obstruction also strongly influenced the prognostic outcome. Examination of the data without considering tumor location disclosed that patients with bowel obstruction were at greater risk for treatment failure than those without obstruction. The effect of bowel obstruction was influenced by the location of the tumor. The occurrence of bowel obstruction in the right colon was associated with a significantly diminished disease-free survival, whereas obstruction in the left colon demonstrated no such effect. This phenomenon was independent of nodal status and tumor encirclement, the latter two factors proving to be of prognostic significance independent of tumor obstruction. A multivariate analysis in which the covariate effects of sex, age, nodal status, tumor obstruction, encirclement, and tumor location were adjusted underscored the role of tumor location and obstruction as prognostic discriminants. The results indicate that the definition of prognostic factors can identify patient subsets with unique characteristics.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of primary breast cancer with chemotherapy and tamoxifen.

We studied the possibility that the addition of tamoxifen to L-phenylalanine mustard combined with 5-fluorouracil enhances the benefit from the latter two drugs that has been observed in women with primary breast cancer and positive axillary nodes. Recurrence of disease was reduced at two years in patients given the three-drug regimen whose tumor estrogen-receptor levels were greater than or equal to 10 fmol. Among patients greater than or equal to 50 years old treatment failure was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001): by 51 per cent in those with one to three positive nodes and by 64 per cent in those with four or more. Higher receptor levels were associated with a greater probability of disease-free survival. Patients less than or equal to 49 years old were less responsive: those with one to three positive nodes received no benefit from tamoxifen at any receptor level, whereas those with four or more appeared to have reduced treatment failure associated with higher receptor levels. This adjuvant chemotherapy is not indicated in patients less than or equal to 49 years old whose tumor receptor levels are below 10 fmol; there is a suggestion of benefit in patients greater than or equal to 50 years old whose levels are low.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Long term survival after compound hemipelvectomy.

Three patients survived free of disease ten and one-half, ten and almost six years, respectively, following compound hemipelvectomy for a variety of tumors. Each patient had been operated upon previously at least three times, but the tumors were still well localized despite the propensity for local infiltration or growth. In addition to the lower extremity and the ipsilateral pelvic bones, varieties of organs were resected. In one patient with chondrosarcoma of the pelvis, there was a local recurrent mass and, in another with adenocarcinoma of the appendix, a solitary pulmonary metastasis. Both of these lesions were successfully resected, and the patients remained free of disease nine and four and one-half years, respectively, after resection of the recurrent lesions. The third patients had carcinoma of the penis with metastases in both groins; carcinoma of the breast devedeveloped nine and one-half years after hemipelvectomy. The two younger patients were fitted with prostheses, and all three adjusted fairly well physically and psychologically to their disability. Frequently, the huge size of these tumors, the infiltration of many contiguous structures and, possibly, other features known to be associated with a bad prognosis make them appear to be incurable. We suggest that slowly growing tumor which remain localized for a long time can be controlled if adequately excised, possibly because they may be associated with strong systemic immunity. The extremely few such patients who may be encountered in surgical practice ought, therefore, to be recognized as potentially curable and treated accordingly, despite the often formidable risk or technical problems at operation and the resultant postoperative disabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Combined androgen and antimetabolite therapy of advanced female breast cancer. A report of the cooperative breast cancer group.

A clinical trial of androgen and antimetabolite therapy of advanced female breast cancer was conducted in 110 patients by the Cooperative Breast Cancer Group. An objective regression rate of 20% was achieved in women receiving oral testolactone, 6% in patients given intravenous fluorouracil alone, and 14% when the androgen and antimetabolite were administered together. This randomized trial according to the CBCG protocol did not produce the high regression rate noted previously in a nonrandomized, nonprotocol evaluation of these drugs.

Administration, Oral↗