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Biomedical subjects

H W Boothe

Publications and source records attributed to H W Boothe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in dogs. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 269 dogs from animal shelters. PROCEDURE: Dogs that underwent gonadectomy were allotted to 2 groups on the basis of estimated age at surgery (traditional age, > or =24 weeks old; prepubertal, < 24 weeks old). Adoptive owner information was obtained from shelter records, and telephone interviews were conducted with owners to determine physical or behavioral problems observed in the dogs since adoption. Follow-up information was obtained from attending veterinarians for dogs with complex problems or when owners were uncertain regarding the exact nature of their dog's problem. RESULTS: Prepubertal gonadectomy did not result in an increased incidence of behavioral problems or problems associated with any body system, compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, during a median follow-up period of 48 months after gonadectomy. Rate of retention in the original adoptive household was the same for dogs that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy as those that underwent traditional-age gonadectomy. Infectious diseases, however, were more common in dogs that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: With the exception of infectious diseases, prepubertal gonadectomy may be safely performed in dogs without concern for increased incidence of physical or behavioral problems during at least a 4-year period after gonadectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Long-term outcome of gonadectomy performed at an early age or traditional age in cats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in cats. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 263 cats from animal shelters. PROCEDURE: Cats that underwent gonadectomy were allotted to 2 groups on the basis of estimated age at surgery (traditional age, > or = 24 weeks old; prepubertal, < 24 weeks old). Adoptive owner information was obtained from shelter records, and telephone interviews were conducted with owners to determine physical or behavioral problems observed in the cats after adoption. Follow-up information was obtained from attending veterinarians for cats with complex problems or when owners were uncertain regarding the exact nature of their cat's problem. RESULTS: Compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, prepubertal gonadectomy did not result in an increased incidence of infectious disease, behavioral problems, or problems associated with any body system during a median follow-up period of 37 months. Additionally, the rate of retention in the original adoptive household was the same for cats that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy as those that underwent traditional-age gonadectomy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prepubertal gonadectomy may be performed safely in cats without concern for increased incidence of physical or behavioral problems for at least a 3-year period after gonadectomy.

Adoption↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of transdermal fentanyl patches for analgesia in cats undergoing onychectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of using transdermal fentanyl patches (TFP) for analgesia in cats undergoing onychectomy. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 45 client-owned cats weighing > or = 2.7 kg (5.9 lb) undergoing onychectomy, onychectomy and ovariohysterectomy, or onychectomy and castration. PROCEDURE: Cats were randomly assigned to be treated with a TFP (25 micrograms/h) or butorphanol; TFP were applied a minimum of 4 hours before surgery (approx 8 hours prior to extubation). Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, force applied by the forelimbs, and serum fentanyl concentration were measured, and temperament, recovery, degree of sedation, severity of pain, severity of lameness, and appetite were scored before and periodically for up to 40 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Cats treated with a TFP had better recovery scores at 2 of 4 evaluation times, lower sedation scores at 2 of 8 evaluation times, and lower pain scores at 6 of 8 evaluation times, compared with cats treated with butorphanol. Use of a pressure-sensitive mat to evaluate force applied by the forelimbs did not reveal any differences between groups but did reveal a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative values. Mean +/- SD serum fentanyl concentrations were 1.56 +/- 1.08, 4.85 +/- 2.38, 4.87 +/- 1.56, and 4.35 +/- 2.97 ng/ml approximately 8, 24, 32, and 48 hours, respectively, after TFP placement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that use of a TFP (25 micrograms/h) for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing onychectomy with or without surgical sterilization is safe and effective.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2000

Managing traumatic urethral injuries.

Urethral injuries are relatively common in male dogs and cats. Urethral epithelium has impressive regenerative properties, and healing by second intention is effective as long as there is mucosal continuity across the traumatized area. Principles of managing traumatic urethral injuries include an accurate patient assessment, including a determination of the extent of the urethral injury; correction of electrolyte or acid-base disturbances; provision of urinary diversion, particularly with pelvic or perineal urethral defects; drainage of extravasated urine; and selection of a surgical procedure to repair or bypass the injured portion of urethra. Treatment options include temporary urinary diversion through cystostomy or urethral catheterization and second intention healing, permanent bypassing of the traumatized area through urethrostomy proximal to the injury site, and primary repair of transection injuries. The scrotal site is the most frequently used and preferred site for urethrostomy in the male dog to bypass the injured penile urethra. Urethral surgery necessitates care and attentiveness to detail, considering that accurate approximation of urethral mucosa minimizes fibrosis and helps maintain an adequate luminal diameter. Avoidance of stricture and preservation of function are goals of managing traumatic urethral injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Nitric oxide generation in a rat model of acute portal hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To document blood nitric oxide concentrations in the portal vein and systemic circulation in a rat model of acute portal hypertension and compare values with a control group and a sham surgical group. ANIMALS: 30 rats; 10 controls (group 1), 10 sham surgical (group 2), and 10 rats with surgically induced acute portal hypertension (group 3). PROCEDURE: Following induction of anesthesia, catheters were placed surgically in the carotid artery, jugular, and portal veins of group 2 and 3 rats and in the carotid artery and jugular vein of group 1 rats. Baseline heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, and vascular pressure measurements were obtained, and blood was drawn from all catheters for baseline nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Acute portal hypertension was induced in the group 3 rats by tying a partially occluding suture around the portal vein and a 22-gauge catheter. The catheter was then removed, resulting in a repeatable degree of portal vein impingement. After catheter placement, all variables were remeasured at 15-minute intervals for 3 hours. RESULTS: Blood nitric oxide concentrations were greater in all vessels tested in group 3 than in group 2 rats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acute portal hypertension in this experimental model results in increased concentrations of NO in the systemic and portal circulation. On the basis of information in the rat, it is possible that increased NO concentrations may develop in dogs following surgical treatment of congenital portosystemic shunts if acute life-threatening portal hypertension develops. Increased NO concentrations may contribute to the shock syndrome that develops in these dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Detection of portal and systemic bacteremia in dogs with severe induced hepatic disease and multiple portosystemic shunts.

OBJECTIVE: To determine existence of portal and systemic bacteremia in dogs with induced severe hepatic disease, compared with clinically normal dogs, before and after vena caval banding. ANIMALS: 6 control dogs and 10 dogs with induced severe hepatic disease and multiple portosystemic shunts (PSS). PROCEDURE: Dogs of the diseased group were given dimethylnitrosamine (2 mg/kg of body weight, PO) twice weekly until multiple PSS developed. Surgery was performed on dogs of both groups, and blood for baseline aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture was collected from catheters placed in the portal and hepatic veins and caudal vena cava. All dogs underwent vena caval banding, and blood for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture was collected from the portal and hepatic venous catheters at 120, 240, and 360 minutes after banding. RESULTS: Compared with control dogs (16% gram-positive and 84% gram-negative bacteria), diseased dogs had significantly higher percentage of gram-positive bacteria (42% of positive culture results, P < or = 0.01) and significantly lower percentage of gram-negative bacteria (58% of positive culture results, P < or = 0.01) isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated most frequently from dogs of both groups; more than 1 organism was isolated from 5 dogs of each group. Antimicrobial susceptibility included that to aminoglycosides (particularly amikacin), fluorinated quinolones, and imipenem. CONCLUSION: Portal and systemic, predominantly gram-negative, bacteremia is present in catheterized, clinically normal dogs and dogs with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic disease and multiple PSS.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1998

Antiseptics and disinfectants.

Germicidal agents used as antiseptics and disinfectants play an important role in the control of infection in the veterinary patient. Critical to the proper use of germicidal agents in or around the veterinary patient is knowledge of efficacy and contraindications. The key to proper use of antiseptics and disinfectants is using the proper germicidal agent under conditions that maximize success and minimize complications. Although there are a number of germicidal agents commercially available, effective antisepsis and disinfection can be achieved through use of a few effective, yet safe germicides.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Endotoxemia associated with experimentally induced multiple portosystemic shunts in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To document presence of endotoxin in portal and systemic blood in a model of canine multiple portosystemic shunts (PSS), and compare values in clinically normal dogs, before and after vena caval banding. ANIMALS: 6 control dogs and 10 dogs with dimethylnitrosamine-induced multiple PSS that were subjected to vena caval banding. PROCEDURE: Dimethylnitrosamine was administered orally (2 mg/kg of body weight, twice weekly) to the 10 dogs in the diseased group until multiple PSS developed. Surgery was then performed on all 16 dogs (both groups), and shunts were confirmed in the diseased dogs. Blood was collected from the portal vein, hepatic vein, and caudal vena cava baseline endotoxin determination and aerobic and anaerobic blood culturing. Baseline pressure measurements were taken from the portal venous catheter; then vena caval banding was performed. Blood for endotoxin determinations was taken from all vessels 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes after banding; portal pressure measurements were taken at the same time as sample acquisition. Blood for culturing was taken from the portal and hepatic venous catheters at 120, 240, and 360 minutes after banding. RESULTS: Dogs in the diseased group had significantly greater overall presence of endotoxin in the portal vein (P < or = 0.0002), hepatic vein (P < or = 0.0001), and caudal vena cava (P < or = 0.0004) than did control dogs. With respect to time, endotoxin presence was greater in the diseased group before banding (P < or = 0.0002), and at 20 (P < or = 0.0008), 40 (P < or = 0.002), 60 (P < or = 0.006), and 120 (P < or = 0.01) minutes after banding. CONCLUSIONS: Endotoxemia is more frequently present in catheterized dogs with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic disease and multiple PSS, compared with clinically normal dogs. Additionally, portal pressure changes induced by vena caval banding did not affect endotoxemia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endotoxemia may exist in dogs with hepatic disease and multiple PSS, and should be kept in mind when formulating treatment (particularly antimicrobial selection) for dogs with suspected endotoxemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs: 30 cases (1981-1993).

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term outcome in dogs with naturally developing multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 30 dogs with multiple PSS. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs with multiple PSS were reviewed. Follow-up data were obtained by 1 or more of the following methods: recheck at the veterinary teaching hospital (n = 6) or telephone contact with the referring veterinarian (n = 18) or owner (n = 10). The chi 2 or Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to determine the association of clinical factors with long-term outcome. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 1 year. Findings on exploratory surgery in 25 dogs included ascites; numerous tortuous vessels connecting the portal vein with systemic veins; a small, misshapen liver; and an enlarged portal vein. The most common lesions on histologic evaluation of hepatic tissue specimens were hepatocellular atrophy, portal vascular duplication, cirrhosis, inflammation, and bile duct proliferation. Twelve dogs were treated surgically with vena caval banding, whereas 13 dogs were treated conservatively with dietary restriction of protein and administration of antibiotics, diuretics, and other drugs. Long-term survival and quality of life were similar in dogs from both treatment groups. Median follow-up interval in dogs that survived hospitalization was 24 months (range, 1 to 54 months). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: On the basis of these findings, vena caval banding in dogs with multiple PSS is not superior to medical and nutritional treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Surgical treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs: 90 cases (1983-1993).

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with long-term outcome in dogs with tracheal collapse treated with extraluminal polypropylene C-shaped stents. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 90 dogs. PROCEDURE: Medical records of dogs with surgically treated tracheal collapse were reviewed. Follow-up was obtained either by recheck at the veterinary teaching hospital only (n = 10) or by telephone interviews with referring veterinarians and owners (n = 35), referring veterinarians alone (n = 23), or owners alone (n = 16). The chi 2 test was used to determine which factors were associated with long-term outcome. RESULTS: 11 breeds were represented. Yorkshire Terriers, Poodles, and Pomeranians were most common. Median age at the time of surgery was 6.8 years. Median weight was 2.9 kg. Severity of collapse ranged from grade II to grade IV. Dogs < 6 years old had more severe collapse than did dogs > or = 6 years old. Dogs > or = years old had more postoperative complications and a poorer longterm outcome than did dogs < 6 years old. 17 dogs required permanent tracheostomy, 10 within 24 hours after surgery. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Surgical placement of extraluminal polypropylene C-shaped stents was an effective method of attenuating clinical signs of tracheal collapse. Dogs < 6 years old had more severe tracheal collapse but did better after surgery than did dogs > or = 6 years old.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Androgen receptors in the pelvic diaphragm muscles of dogs with and without perineal hernia.

Levator ani and coccygeus muscle estrogen and androgen receptors were measured in 6, healthy, > or = 5-year-old, noncastrated, male Beagles (controls) and in 24 dogs with perineal hernia. Estrogen and androgen receptor analyses were performed on levator ani and coccygeus muscle specimens obtained from control dogs at the time of castration; contralateral levator ani and coccygeus muscle specimens were assayed 2 months after castration. During herniorrhaphy of dogs with perineal hernia, levator ani (non-castrated, n = 12; castrated, n = 7) and/or coccygeus (noncastrated, n = 5; castrated, n = 4) muscle biopsy specimens were obtained for estrogen and androgen receptor analyses. For estrogen and androgen receptor assays, each muscle biopsy specimen was homogenized in Tris-EDTA-glycerol buffer, and centrifuged at 30,000 x g; extracts were used for binding with ligands: [3H]methyltrienolone (3HR1881) for androgen receptors, and [3H]estradiol-17 beta for estrogen receptors. Extracts were incubated overnight at 0 to 4 C. Nonspecific binding was estimated, using 100-fold concentration of cold ligands. Bound and free hormones were separated, using hydroxylapatite batch assay. Receptor numbers for each tissue were calculated as femtomoles (fmol) per milligram of protein. Quantified data were compared between precastration and postcastration controls, using a paired t-test. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used to compare values for precastration controls, postcastration controls, castrated dogs with perineal hernia, and noncastrated dogs with perineal hernia. Significance was set at P < 0.05.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Impact of suprapharmacological androgenic steroid administration on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and amino acid metabolism.

Effects of androgenic steroids at doses used by athletes were studied in a canine model system in which dosage, diet, and activity were controlled. Dogs were treated with 19-nortestosterone (200 mg/wk intramuscularly) or vehicle and were studied at 18 (n = 4 in steroid and vehicle) or 32 (n = 6 in steroid and n = 4 in vehicle) days. A laparotomy was performed under general anesthesia 17 days before experimentation, and catheters were placed in an artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein. Studies consisted of an equilibration (120 minutes) and a control (40 minutes) period and a three-step immunoreactive insulin euglycemic clamp (1, 2, and 15 mU/kg.min). Step 1 was 150 minutes, and steps 2 and 3 were 90 minutes. Data were collected during the last 30 minutes of each step. Glucose and leucine kinetics were assessed with 3H-glucose and 14C-leucine. Plasma glucose in steroid and vehicle groups was 104 +/- 5 (mean +/- SE) versus 108 +/- 3 mg/dL and 100 +/- 5 versus 107 +/- 4 mg/dL at 18 and 32 days. Glucose turnover was similar at 18 days in steroid and vehicle groups (3.9 +/- 0.3 v 3.6 +/- 0.3 mg/kg.min, respectively), but was elevated in the steroid group at 32 days (5.4 +/- 0.5 v 3.2 +/- 0.4 mg/kg.min). Glucose infusion rates were lower in the steroid group with 15 mU/kg.min immunoreactive insulin at 32 days (15.0 +/- 1.1 v 21.2 +/- 1.4 mU/kg.min). Immunoreactive insulin-independent glucose utilization (Rd) was unaffected at 18 days of steroid treatment, but was increased by almost fourfold at 32 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1993

Left aortic arch and right ligamentum arteriosum causing esophageal obstruction in a dog.

A 10-week-old, mixed-breed dog was examined because of persistent regurgitation. Results of thoracic radiography and fluoroscopy of the esophagus, using a liquid suspension of barium sulfate, were suggestive of a vascular ring anomaly. During left lateral thoracotomy, a left aortic arch was identified, but the cause of the esophageal obstruction could not be determined. Results of endoscopic examination of the esophagus suggested a compressive lesion originating from the right side of the esophagus. An anomalous artery could not be identified on an aortogram. Post-mortem examination revealed a left aortic arch and right ligamentum arteriosum that were causing the esophageal obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of vena caval banding in experimentally induced multiple portosystemic shunts in dogs.

Effects of vena caval banding on portal venous and vena caval hemodynamics were examined in 6 control dogs and in 10 dogs that had undergone attenuation (banding) of the abdominal part of the caudal vena cava and had dimethylnitrosamine-induced multiple portosystemic shunts (PSS). Additionally, indocyanine green (ICG) extraction and clearance after infusion to steady state were used to calculate hepatic plasma flow in these dogs. Sixteen dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups: control (n = 6) or diseased (n = 10). Diseased dogs were administered dimethylnitrosamine (2 mg/kg, PO, twice weekly) until multiple PSS developed, as assessed by results of clinical laboratory tests, ultrasonography, and hepatic scintigraphy. Shunts were confirmed visually at celiotomy and by contrast portography. Venous pressures (caudal vena caval, portal, and hepatic) were recorded before and after vena caval banding for up to 7 days in dogs from both groups. Peritoneal cavity pressures were recorded in all dogs after closure of the body wall. To determine ICG extraction and clearance, a bolus injection of ICG (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered, followed by steady-state infusion of 0.097 mg/min. Extractions and clearances of ICG were measured, and from these, hepatic plasma flow rates were determined immediately before and after banding and at 6 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days after banding. The gradient (caudal vena caval pressure within 1 to 2 mm of Hg of portal pressure) between caudal vena cava and portal venous pressures established at banding was maintained after the first hour in both groups. Caudal vena cava pressures established at banding were maintained throughout the study, with the exception of the first hour in diseased dogs. Extraction ratios were higher in control dogs at all times, except at 48 hours. Clearance was higher in control dogs at all times. Hepatic plasma flow did not differ between groups, except immediately after banding, when flow was greater in diseased dogs, and differences were not found over time in either group. This study indicated that vena caval banding in this model of experimentally induced multiple PSS increases and maintains caudal vena cava pressure, relative to portal venous pressure (after the first hour) for 7 days, and that calculated hepatic plasma flow is not persistently improved by vena caval banding.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Tracheal mucociliary transport rate in awake dogs.

To measure tracheal mucociliary transport rate (TMTR) in awake dogs, restrained in dorsal recumbency, 99mtechnetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin was administered by tracheal injection, and the cephalic movement of boluses containing the radiopharmaceutical was detected by a gamma camera positioned lateral to the dog's head and neck. The distance traveled by each bolus was measured, relative to external markers placed a known distance apart. Tracheal mucociliary transport rates were calculated by dividing the measured distance of radiopharmaceutical movement by elapsed time. The technique was efficient and well tolerated. Mean (+/- SD) TMTR was 35.3 +/- 15.9 mm/min. Significant (P = 0.029) difference in TMTR was found between males and females, but significant difference attributable to age of the dog was not detected. This method of measuring TMTR in awake dogs has potential for evaluation of clinical animal patients with suspected tracheal mucociliary abnormalities.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1992

Use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in dogs and cats: 25 cases (1982-1989).

Twenty-five animals (21 dogs and 4 cats) in which hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) was performed between 1982 and 1989 were included in a retrospective study to determine the utility of HBS for diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Final diagnoses, which were based on liver biopsy results and surgical findings in all animals, were hepatocellular disease alone (n = 17), hepatocellular disease and extrahepatic biliary obstruction (n = 7), and normal liver (n = 1). Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed by use of 99mTc-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid in all cases. All 7 cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction were confirmed at surgery. In animals with biliary obstruction, HBS failed to demonstrate radiolabel within either the gallbladder or intestine at any time. Using nonvisualization of the intestine by 180 minutes as the scintigraphic criterion for diagnosis of biliary obstruction, sensitivity was 83% and specificity was 94% in this series. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy was concluded to be an accurate indicator of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in this group of animals. High serum bilirubin concentration at the time HBS was performed did not appear to reduce the diagnostic usefulness of the scintigraphic findings.

Animals↗