PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H W Lischner

Publications and source records attributed to H W Lischner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus in mononuclear cells by in situ polymerase chain reaction.

BACKGROUND: Studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have attempted to quantitate the viral load correlate it with the degree of immune deficiency. In one study, only about 1 in 10,000 peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) expressed HIV-1, but in other studies, at least 1 in 100 CD4-positive cells was infected and harbored the HIV-1 provirus. METHODS: We developed a new, highly sensitive in situ polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) method that amplifies selected genetic regions within intact single cells. We used this technique to determine the proportion of PBMC carrying HIV-1 provirus in infected patients in different stages of disease. RESULTS: None of the PBMC from 11 HIV-1--seronegative patients were found to be positive for HIV-1 provirus by the in situ PCR method. In 56 patients infected with HIV-1, the percentage of PBMC with HIV-1 ranged from 0.1 percent to 13.5 percent. The mean percentage of infected mononuclear cells was greater in 13 patients with persistent generalized adenopathy (mean, 6.6 percent) and 19 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Stages IV-A to IV-C) (4.6 percent) than in 19 patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection (0.9 percent) (P less than 0.001). However, in five patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (Stage IV-D), an average of only 1.6 percent of mononuclear cells were infected. CONCLUSIONS: In HIV-1 infection, the proportion of PBMC that are infected appears to be at least 10 times higher than previously described. It is likely that most infected cells contain HIV-1 provirus in a latent or defective form that was not detected in some earlier studies.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Serologic evidence of subclinical pertussis in immunized children.

Incidental to a vaccine study involving 783 immunized children conducted at two study sites, inner city children had significantly higher geometric mean pertussis agglutinin titers compared with suburban children just before the fourth dose of diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine (47 vs. 25; P less than 0.001). Higher titers in the inner city were correlated with residence in census tracts where cases of pertussis were reported. Three hundred thirty-two children in a placebo arm of the study who were clinically observed and had paired serum samples taken during a 2- to 4-month period were analyzed for evidence of natural Bordetella infection. Twelve (11%) inner city children and three (1.3%) suburban children had spontaneous 4-fold or greater rises in at least two different pertussis antibodies measured (agglutinin, antitoxin or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG to pertussis toxin, IgG and IgA to filamentous hemagglutinin). Eighty percent of these children had IgA to filamentous hemagglutinin. Nine of 12 inner city children with serologic evidence of pertussis lived within 6 blocks of a case of pertussis reported within 1 month of the observed antibody rise in study subjects; none had a household member with pertussis and none had symptomatic disease.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Pyomyositis in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Patient report and brief review.

Although common in tropical regions, pyomyositis is rare in the continental United States. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported to date. It is characterized by suppuration of large muscle groups that can, if not quickly and appropriately treated, lead to sepsis and death. Diagnosis can be difficult secondary to the atypical appearance of the abscess process early on. Almost all cases have occurred in otherwise healthy people. The simultaneous occurrence of pyomyositis and immunodeficiency is rare. A recent report of a case in an adult with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is not, however, unexpected. We describe the first documented occurrence of pyomyositis in a child with AIDS. A brief review of the topic is included. Pyomyositis should be included in the list of unusual infections that can occur in children with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Effects of alcohol ingestion on in vitro susceptibility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to infection with HIV and of selected T-cell functions.

A role for the biological effects of alcohol is postulated in the increased risk of AIDS known to be associated with chronic alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption during sexual activity. In pilot experiments peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were studied before and after a single ingestion of 0.7 to 3.1 liters of beer or an equivalent dose of ethanol in other beverages. After moderate alcohol consumption there was increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during 28 days of culture without mitogen stimulation as indicated by overnight syncytium formation with SUP-T1 indicator cells and by increased levels of HIV p24 antigen in the culture supernates. There was also decreased ability of lymphocytes to produce interleukin 2 and soluble immune response suppressor activity after stimulation with concanavalin A, the former, possibly both, for over 4 days after alcohol ingestion. These preliminary data extend well-known immunosuppressive effects of chronic alcohol ingestion to acute ingestion and raise the question: Could even casual alcohol consumption enhance HIV infectivity and/or enhance the progression of latent HIV infection?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine with booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliovirus vaccines.

The safety and efficacy of simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and trivalent oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccines in a test group of 405 children were compared with the safety and efficacy of sequential administration of the same vaccines in a control group of 410 children given MMR followed by booster doses of DTP and OPV 2 months later. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with respect to DTP and OPV. Seroconversion rates to measles, mumps, and rubella exceeded 96% in both groups. Geometric mean titers to measles (P = .05) and rubella (P = .004) were higher in the test group, and titers of antibodies to the other seven antigens were similar in both groups. Clinical reaction data were analyzed in 248 of 405 test children and 249 of 410 control children. The rates of serious vaccine-associated reactions were low and similar in the two groups. Some minor side effects were reported more frequently in the test group, but these differences were judged to be related to study design rather than to differences in the safety of the two vaccine schedules. The results indicate that the safety and serologic efficacy of administering MMR simultaneously with reinforcing doses of DTP and OPV in the second year of life is equivalent to the safety and efficacy observed after administering these antigens separately.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

Respiratory complications of primary hypogammaglobulinemia.

The primary hypogammaglobulinemias, with onset of acute and recurrent bacterial infections in infancy and early childhood, consist of a heterogeneous group of largely genetically determined antibody deficiency states including that congenital sex-linked form, Bruton's agammaglobulinemia. Patients with panhypogammaglobulinemia require continuous gamma globulin therapy; in spite of this, they continue to develop infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the form of otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobranchitis, or pneumonia of a chronic and recurrent nature. The frequency and severity of these infections vary from patient to patient. These episodes all respond to antibiotic administration, often with a prolonged course. Many patients develop permanent pulmonary sequelae in the form of atelectasis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Most of these changes involve focal areas of the lower right middle and left lingular lobes. Occasionally, the patient may develop generalized bronchiectasis but without hilar lymphadenopathy. Management emphasizes early detection, early institution of gamma globulin treatment, and administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy at the earliest onset of infection. Good pulmonary toilet, nutritional care, emotional care, and a loving home environment are of utmost importance. These patients should be followed in a medical center with the joint effort of specialists in various disciplines.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1975

T-cell deficiency in diGeorge syndrome.

DiGeorge syndrome is broadly defined as absence or hypoplasia of the thymus due to dysmorphogenesis of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches in early embryonic life. Various tests of thymic function have been evaluated in some 19 infants and young children with this syndrome. Deficiency of T lymphocytes has been shown to occur in the presence of as much as 10 to 20% of the normal amount of histologically normal thymic tissue in the partial DiGeorge syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Chorioretinal lesions, sea-blue histiocytes and other manifestations in familial chronic granulomatous disease.

Several little-emphasized manifestations of familial chronic granulomatous disease are considered: destructive chorioretinal lesions may be as constant as the pigmented histiocytosis seen in reticuloendothelial organs and could be related to a defect in the phagocytic activity of the retinal pigment epithelium; pigmented histiocytes with the staining characteristics of sea-blue histiocytes may be present in the bone marrow; patients may present with lesions resembling eosinophilic granuloma. Also discussed are some observations related to the sequestration of bacteria within phagocytic cells and the use of continuous antimicrobial therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗