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Biomedical subjects

H W Müller

Publications and source records attributed to H W Müller.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Macrophages in the peripheral nervous system and astroglia in the central nervous system of rat commonly express apolipoprotein E during development but differ in their response to injury.

Macrophages have been identified by immunocytochemical methods in rat sciatic nerve neonatal development expressing significant amounts of apolipoprotein E (apo E). In contrast, in mature peripheral nerve apo E appears to be associated with the basal lamina. Following sciatic nerve crush apo E-immunoreactive macrophages reappear in the denervated distal stump within 3 days. In the optic nerve and spinal cord of newborn rat apo E is associated with the astroglia. During maturation of the central nervous system the number of apo E-immunoreactive astrocytes significantly increases, but as a specific response to injury this protein rapidly disappears from the astroglial cell bodies.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Immunological cross-reactivity of cultured rat hippocampal neurons with goldfish brain proteins synthesized during memory consolidation.

Ependymins are goldfish brain glycoproteins exhibiting a specifically enhanced rate of synthesis when the animals adopt a new pattern of swimming behavior. With specific antisera against ependymins it has become possible to look for ependymin-like immunoreactivity in other animal species, both qualitatively by immunofluorescence staining and quantitatively by radioimmunoassay. Ependymin-like immunoreactivity was detected not only in other fish but also in rat brain. In the rat radioimmunoassay measurements were highest for the hippocampal formation and for cultured neurons derived from the embryonic hippocampus. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on various cell culture systems derived from rat brain, in order to establish which cell type contains the antigen. Only neuronal cell populations reacted with the anti-ependymin antisera. Cells derived from embryonic rat brain hippocampus which resembled pyramidal neurons stained particularly bright for ependymin-like immunoreactivity. The antigenic material was distributed throughout the cytoplasm including the neuronal extensions. Various neuron-specific antisera have been used to counterstain the cells containing ependymin-like immunoreactivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Expression of specific sheath cell proteins during peripheral nerve growth and regeneration in mammals.

Protein synthesis in the nerve sheath of injured as well as intact mature and developing sciatic nerves from rat and rabbit was investigated by incubating segments of nerve with [35S]methionine in vitro. The composition of labeled proteins under the different conditions of nerve growth was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The expression of six secreted proteins in rat sciatic nerve with the apparent molecular weights of 70,000 (70 kD), 54,000 (54 kD), 51,000 (51 kD), 39,000 (39 kD), 37,000 (37 kD), and 30,000 (30 kD) was of particular interest because of the correlation of their synthesis and secretion with aspects of nerve growth and regeneration. The synthesis of the 37-kD protein was significantly stimulated during both sciatic nerve development as well as regeneration but not in the intact mature nerve. The expression of this protein appears to be regulated by signal(s) from the axon but not the target. The 70-kD protein was exclusively synthesized in response to axotomy, thus confining its role to some aspect(s) of nerve repair. In contrast, the 54- and 51-kD proteins were expressed in the intact mature nerve sheath. Their synthesis and release was rapidly inhibited upon axotomy but returned to normal or higher levels towards the end of sciatic nerve regeneration, suggesting a role in the maintenance of the integrity of the mature (nongrowing) rat nerve. The 39- and 30-kD proteins were only transiently synthesized within the first week after axotomy. Two proteins with the apparent molecular masses of 70 and 37 kD were synthesized in denervated rabbit sciatic nerve. The similar molecular weights, net charges, and time-courses of induction suggest a homology between these proteins in rabbit and rat, indicating common molecular responses of peripheral nerve sheath cells to axon injury in both mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Importance of traction-wiring osteosynthesis as dynamic stabilization after acromioclavicular joint dislocation. A critical view].

Various operating procedures have been recommended for the treatment of complete acromioclavicular separation. Uncertainty regarding the way of surgical treatment leads to a distinct reduction in the number of case reports by individual authors. In consequence we established a uniform concept of surgical treatment, namely dynamic stabilisation. All patients who were operated on since 1975 were treated accordingly. Our results were in accordance with the high rates of metal breakage and loosening reported by other authors. Never the less, the functional results after surgical treatment still justify this concept of management.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1985

Sonographic tissue characterisation in thyroid gland diagnosis. A correlation between sonography and histology.

Punch biopsy was carried out in 32 cases in which thyroid gland changes were sonographically classified as being of homogeneously normal or of homogeneously low echogenicity. Mean follicle lumen size was morphometrically determined from the histological sections. This produced a significant, positive correlation between echogenicity and follicle size. The mean follicle lumen diameter in so-called echonormal structures was 67 microns (SD +/- 23 microns), and 25 microns (SD +/- 8 microns) in low-echogenic lesions. Thus normal echogenicity represented a normofollicular or macrofollicular structure, while a low echogenicity pattern indicated a microfollicular or solid tissue structure. The structure of thyroid carcinomas is not homogeneously normofollicular or macrofollicular; in exceptional cases they are such only focally. Therefore the significance of these findings lies in the exclusion of malignancy in the event of homogeneously normal echogenicity.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

A specific 37,000-dalton protein that accumulates in regenerating but not in nonregenerating mammalian nerves.

A 37-kilodalton protein is synthesized at higher rates in the peripheral and central nervous system of newborn rats than in adult animals. As a specific response to denervation, the synthesis of the 37-kilodalton protein is increased in the mature peripheral and central nervous system; however, this protein accumulates only in the peripheral nervous system. The differences in accumulation of the protein correlate with the apparent differences in the ability of peripheral and central axons to regenerate. The synthesis of the 37-kilodalton protein is inhibited when proper innervation or reinnervation is established.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

[Sonographically controlled fine punch biopsy of the thyroid gland].

Under local anaesthesia and under ultrasound guidance punch biopsy with a cutting biopsy needle was performed in 50 patients, providing 65 biopsy specimens. In 57 instances the indications for biopsy were nodular goitre, in 8 diffuse parenchymal involvement. Focal alterations were reliably hit if they were larger than 1 cm in diameter. The punch biopsy was performed without clinical complications. In 60 of 65 instances (92%) a sufficiently large tissue specimen was obtained for adequate histological assessment. In 13 patients with clinical indications for operation, surgical intervention was avoided because the biopsy proved the tissue to be benign. In 7 patients the accuracy of the punch biopsy was demonstrated, agreeing with the findings of biopsy obtained at operation or post-mortem. A close positive correlation existed between echogenicity of thyroid lesions and their histologically demonstrated colloid content. Although punch biopsy under ultrasound guidance is technically more complex than fine-needle aspiration cytology, it has the advantage that structural histological changes can also be assessed. This increases the diagnostic accuracy of the morphological diagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[The value of the Duopleet prosthesis for the treatment of femur neck fractures].

The clinical course of 68 patients with femoral neck fractures is reported. Fracture management was chosen regarding age and accompanying health defects. Fracture management, operation time, complications, mobilization results and hospitalization time is described, compared to other authors and discussed. The results favor the implantation of a Duopleet prosthesis as the salvage operation of choice for femoral neck fractures of old patients beyond 75. Other methods are considered to remain valuable with differentiated indication.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Localization diagnosis of enlarged parathyroid glands: 201Tl-99mTc-subtraction scintigraphy compared with 5-MHz-sonography].

Fifty patients clinically suspected of having primary hyperparathyroidism were examined by scintigraphy (201Tl-99mTc subtraction) and sonography (5 MHz). In 28 cases, the results of subtraction scintigraphy, and in 26 cases, the results of sonography were checked by operation. In 25 patients there was a solitary parathyroid adenoma and in two, primary hyperplasia. In one patient all four parathyroid glands were normal. Subtraction scintigraphy had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 98%, while sonography had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 95%. The combination of 201Tl-99mTc subtraction scintigraphy as a functional investigation and sonography as a structural imaging method produced a sensitivity of 96% and is therefore superior to all other methods of localisation for normally situated glands. Diagnostic certainty is reduced by the presence of a nodular thyroid.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnostic accuracy of FT3-RIA and FT4-RIA compared to total T3-RIA and total T4-RIA].

The values of FT3-serum concentration (Amerlex-RIA) from 311 patients and the FT4-values (Amerlex-RIA) from 745 patients were compared with the total T3- and total T4-values with regard to their diagnostic accuracy in hypo-, eu- and hyperthyroidism. The classification of patients into these three diagnostic categories was determined by the majority of available parameters. The analysis of the predictive values demonstrated that determination of free hormones usually guarantees a safe distinction between hypo-, eu- and hyperthyroidism. Taking into account prevalence, the determination of free hormones appears to be superior to that of total hormones.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Histopathologic types and clinical behaviour of occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

On studying 182 papillary neoplasms of the thyroid, 32 nonencapsulated lesions were found to be occult papillary carcinomas (maximum diameter 1.5 cm); out of these 32 patients 18 cases of cervical lymph node metastases were observed. Histologically, 4 circumscribed microcarcinomas, 3 partially encapsulated carcinomas, and 25 occult sclerosing carcinomas were distinguished. The mean diameter of the 4 circumscribed tumours as compared to that of the remaining 28 lesions proved to be statistically significantly smaller, but no significant differences could be observed regarding the rate of lymph node metastasis. One occult sclerosing carcinoma showed a morphologic pattern different from the remaining cases--namely that it had an exclusively solid appearance in the primary lesion and also in its lymph nodes metastases. The follicle cell origin of this lesion was established immunohistochemically by patchy thyroglobulin synthesis. The excellent prognosis of the occult category of papillary thyroid carcinoma was confirmed by a follow-up (mean 7.7 years, range 1.1 to 16.3 years), in which only 2 instances of eradicable recurrent lymph node metastases within the group of occult sclerosing carcinomas were recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Neurotrophic factor for central neurons.

A serum-free culture of dissociated neurons from embryonic rat hippocampus has been established as a rapid and quantitative in vitro test system for neurotrophic signals in the mammalian brain. By means of this cell culture bioassay, a novel low molecular weight neurotrophic factor (NTF) could be identified. NTF is essential for in vitro brain neuron development, promoting survival and neurite outgrowth. The diffusible factor is synthesized and secreted into serum-free defined medium by cultured astrocytes from rat cerebral hemispheres. The number of viable neurons responding to NTF by neurite outgrowth is dependent on the concentration of the factor. Fractionation of astroglial conditioned medium by gel filtration on columns of Sephadex G-10 recovered biological activity of NTF in a single sharp peak corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of approximately equal to 500. NTF is stable to heat and cold and resistant to trypsin and pronase. Unlike nerve growth factor, NTF has no apparent effect on the neurite outgrowth of peripheral neurons. NTF-like activity is present in situ in the mammalian brain, in certain other nonneural tissues, and in C6 and B12 glioma cell conditioned media.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Simultaneous measurement of 2':3' cyclic-nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase and RNase activities in sera and spinal fluids of multiple sclerosis patients.

The enzymes 2':3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and RNase were simultaneously measured in the sera and CSF of multiple sclerosis (MS) and non-MS patients. No evidence of increased activity for these enzymes could be found regardless of pathology in either fluid source. Discrepancies between the present results and those from two previous studies that reported significant increases in CNPase activity in the CSF of patients with MS were carefully analyzed. It was concluded that the apparent increased CNPase activity correlated with MS in both previous studies was most probably the result of methodological and computational difficulties.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1982

A neurotrophic factor (NTF) released from primary glial cultures supports survival and fiber outgrowth of cultured hippocampal neurons.

A nearly pure neuronal culture from embryonic rat brain (hippocampus) has been established in order to observe individual neurons during their in vitro development. This neuronal culture has been used as a test system for a neurotrophic factor (NTF) which is released into a serum-free defined medium, presumably by astrocytes, the dominant cell type in a primary glial culture from rat brain. NTF is essential for the development of the hippocampal neurons in cell culture. The number of neurons responding to NTF by neurite extension is highly dependent on the concentration of the factor in the culture medium. The amount of factor in serum-free glial conditioned medium can be estimated in a rapid (20-hour) bioassay.

Animals↗