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Biomedical subjects

H Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to H Wagner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Influence of somatostatin on carbohydrate absorption in human small intestine.

Oral carbohydrate tolerance tests with xylose, galactose and lactose were performed. After an interval of at least 24 h the same tests were repeated following an i.v. bolus and during infusion of somatostatin. Somatostatin does not influence xylose absorption. However, absorption of galactose and lactose is significantly reduced (p less than 0.01/0.008) during somatostatin infusion. On the other hand, serum levels of galactose remain unchanged despite administration of somatostatin, when galactose is given parenterally. The results support the assumption that the absorption process in small intestine is affected by somatostatin. Possible effects of somatostatin on hormones regulating the intestinal absorption and on energy-depending carrier mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Influenza virus-specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity: integration of the virus antigen into the target cell membrane is essential for target cell formation.

This study deals with the requirements for target cell recognition by influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). H-2-identical cells were incubated with infectious or UV light-inactivated influenza A virus expressing either cleaved or uncleaved hemagglutinin (HA). Thereafter, the treated cells were tested in a 4-h 51Cr assay for susceptibility to CTL-mediated cytolysis. Regardless whether the influenza virus was infectious, virions expressing cleaved HA were efficient in target cell formation. In contrast, cells incubated with either active or UV-inactivated virions expressing uncleaved HA were not lysed by virus-specific CTL. Yet, after mere trypsin-mediated cleavage of the HA of cell-absorbed viroins, strong cytolysis could be observed. On the other hand, solubilization of the envelope lipid bilayer by ethylether abolished the capacity of the remaining HA to induce target cell formation. The results clearly suggest that mere absorption of virions to the membrane of cells, which is performed by virus with uncleaved HA, is insufficient for target cell formation. For this, both cleaved HA and an intact envelope appear to be crucial. We conclude that fusion of the virion into the cell membrane is essential for target cell formation.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1979

Influence of thyroid state and improved hypoxia tolerance on noise-induced cochlea damage.

Guinea pigs were exposed to pure tone noise (2.7 kHz, 130 dB, 1 h) and cochlear microphonic potentials were measured 24 h after exposure. There is the possibility to modify the resulting noise-induced cochlea damage by regulating the function of the thyroid gland to alter the rate of metabolism. A hypofunction of the thyroid gland during sound exposure lessens, an over-function aggravates the damage. After gradual adaptation of the animals to a simulated 10,000 m altitude, the electrophysiologically demonstratable noise-induced damage was reduced. This might be explained by the greater hypoxia tolerance and perhaps additional better oxygen supply to the receptor cells.

Altitude↗
PubMed1979

[Treatment of colitis ulcerosa during pregnancy (author's transl)].

Aggressive pharmacotherapeutic and surgical measures are often contra-indicated in the treatment of colitis ulcerosa in pregnancy. Especially in the sensitive embryonal development phase, the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutics and ACTH is considered questionable. The subtotal colectomies and ileostomies often demanded in toxically dramatic colitides place a considerable burden on mother and foetus. A conservative therapeutic regimen, which has been successfully used in more than 80 patients with inflammatory intestinal diseases, was modified to suit the requirements of pregnancy. This is a combination therapy involving parenteral feeding, food which can be absorbed by the intestinal walls, and a suitably adapted pharmacotherapy. In one case of a severe toxic relapse of colitis ulcerosa during early pregnancy, remission was achieved in a patient while fully maintaining the pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Depressed prostaglandin release from peritoneal cells induced by a T cell adjuvant, lentinan.

PGE and PGF release from peritoneal exudate cells was studied in mice after injection with two beta (1-3) glucans, the antitumor active lentinan and the inactive pachyman, 4 days after injection of both polysaccharides, the spontaneous and phagocytosis-induced PGE and PGF release was markedly suppressed. However, only the immunopotentiator lentinan induced peritoneal exudate cells which exhibited a longer lasting diminished PG release. The data suggest that the T cell adjuvant lentinan may potentiate cellular immune responses by reducing synthesis of immune suppressive prostaglandins from peritoneal exudate cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗