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Biomedical subjects

H Wilbrand

Publications and source records attributed to H Wilbrand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

From sagittal distance to area. A study of transverse, vocal tract cross-sectional area.

In speech articulation studies, data on the pharynx are scarce. Still, the pharynx is an important part of the vocal tract. The present paper reports on an attempt to use computed tomography for investigating the pharynx. Axial computed tomograms were taken at four levels in the pharynx of a male and a female subject sustaining the vowels [u:, i:, a:, oe:]. From the tomograms the lateral width and the cross-sectional area were measured and their relations to the sagittal distance from the back pharynx wall to the midline of the tongue examined and compared with previously published data. In addition, some previous results derived from plaster casts are presented showing the corresponding distance-to-area relationship in the mouth region of some male and female subjects.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Reliability of radiographic pelvimetry. A methodological study.

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of radiographic pelvimetry. 48 radiologists were asked to estimate the pelvic inlet and outlet diameters from copies of 20 pelvimetry radiographs. We found that every third patient will have the sum of her pelvic outlet over- or underestimated by at least 4 mm, and 3% by more than 10 mm. The random measurement error of the sum of the pelvic outlet is about four times greater than the systematic error. The random error of the sagittal outlet diameter contributes to almost half of the total measurement error of the pelvic outlet sum. The measurement values of radiographic pelvimetry are often expressed in mm, which may give an impression of exactness that is obviously not well founded. Only in a few cases where the measurements suggest a severe feto-pelvic disproportion is it justified to do an elective cesarean section on the basis of radiographic pelvimetry only.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1985

Corrective osteotomy of malunited fractures of the distal end of the radius.

Thirty-nine patients with painful impaired forearm rotation and reduced grip strength after malunited fracture of the distal radius were treated with corrective osteotomy of the distal radius, bone grafting and internal fixation and followed for an average of 1.5 years. All patients stated that they were improved by the procedure. At follow-up 36 patients were graded as excellent or good, implying no pain, moderate limitation of motion and grip strength not less than 70% of the uninjured hand. Two patients were graded as fair and one as poor. It is concluded that surgical correction of the deformity is a good procedure when treating disabilities in the distal radio ulnar joint following malunited fractures of the distal end of the radius.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic pelvimetry--its use and possible radiation risk.

Radiographic pelvimetry is widely used in obstetrics. Every fourth primapara in Sweden is submitted to this radiographic examination. The frequency of the examination in the United States is estimated to a mean of 6% of all deliveries. The use of radiographic pelvimetry is now under intense debate and the missing argument in this discussion is a prospective study of an unselected group of parturients where progress and outcome of labour is referred to known pelvic dimension. Since the value of the method is questioned the frequent use of radiographic pelvimetry is justified only by an almost negligible radiation risk to the mother and her baby. Such a low risk is also an indispensable condition to allow the correct scientific evaluation of radiographic pelvimetry mentioned above. This paper presents the measurement results of absorbed radiation dose with the only radiographic pelvimetry method used in Sweden. The estimated radiation risk of the method, based on these figures, is 1 case of childhood malignancy in 50 000 pelvimetries. This corresponds to 4 years routine use of radiographic pelvimetry in Sweden. The annual incidence of childhood malignancy in Sweden is 220. The maternal risk is estimated to one tenth of the fetal risk.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Laryngeal granuloma in the early stages of Wegener's granulomatosis.

Non-healing granulomata of the upper or lower respiratory tract often cause diagnostic and therapeutic problems. A case of Wegener's granulomatosis is reported, which during the first year of illness presented only with signs of a laryngeal granuloma. When severe renal disease developed and cytostatic therapy was prompted, the laryngeal lesion showed an excellent response to the treatment. The case illustrates the difficulties encountered in the management of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.

Granuloma, Laryngeal↗
PubMed1979

Radiography in joint reconstruction with perichondrial grafts.

The radiographic findings in 13 joints successfully reconstructed with free perichondrial grafts from the rib are reported. Radiography was performed during a period of 13 to 40 months postoperatively. Definite cortical demarcation occurred after 8 to 11 months and had increased 11 to 16 months following surgery. In 3 cases the final examination of 2 metacarpophalangeal joints and one proximal interphalangeal joint was completed with arthrography which demonstrated that the articular surfaces appeared even although the cortical bone contours were somewhat irregular. The extent of the joint spaces largely resembled that in healthy controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Unidirectional inner ear valve implant for endolymphatic sac surgery in Meniere's disease.

In five patients with long-standing Meniere's disease, a unidirectional inner ear valve was implanted into the endolymphatic sac (ELS) to facilitate removal of excess endolymph in the hydropic state. These patients were all candidates for ablative surgery. They all had intractable vertigo and severe hearing losses. Four out of five patients had positive preoperative glycerol tests. In the patients with positive glycerol tests, the group averages before surgery were as follows: pure-tone average (PTA), 63 dB; speech reception threshold (SRT), 79 dB; and discrimination score, 27%. All of the patients, except a patient with a negative glycerol test, benefited from the surgery, including exceptional hearing improvements, averages of 21 dB in PTA, 30.5 dB in SRT, and 48% in discrimination, which remained so for at least a one-year minimum follow-up. All patients with preoperative positive glycerol tests had a class A result according to the criteria set forth by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. The cumulative follow-up exceeded the minimal requirements by a factor of 39 times. The only failure was in a patient with a negative glycerol test, which was predictable. Results of tomography confirmed the correct position of the valve without evidence of migration or extrusion even in the failure. This new valve appears to be a safe and more effective implant than Silastic sheeting alone or any other ELS implant in patients with a positive glycerol test.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The surgical anatomy of the endolymphatic sac.

The endolymphatic sac (ELS) and vestibular aqueduct (VA), which play a notable role in the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops and Meniere disease, were identified in all anatomic and tomographic materials. More than 100 temporal bones were used for microdissection, tomography, and plastic molds. Normal subjects and Meniere disease patients were studied tomographically (N = 63) and observed during ELS surgery (N=49). In Meniere disease there is, with increassing duration of diseases, a decrease in the periaqueductal and opercular air cell pneumatization, with a concomitant shorter and straighter VA. This correlates with a decreased ELS luminal patency, and a more inferiorly positioned ELS. These factors help to explain both the difficulties of visualizing the VA by tomography in Meniere disease as well as the occasional difficulties reported by others in satisfactorily identifying the ELS at sac surgery. All observations are made from the surgeon's viewpoint to enhance clinical identification of the ELS.

Adult↗