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H Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to H Wilson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

The American Urological Association symptom index: does mode of administration affect its psychometric properties?

PURPOSE: We determine whether self-administration and interviewer administration of the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index are equivalent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The AUA symptom index was administered twice to 41 visually impaired or illiterate men. Men who were able were randomized to self-administration first and then interviewer administration (43) or the reverse (40). RESULTS: The scores in each group were reliable. However, because we could not reject a differential carryover effect, the nonsignificant test of mode effect in the crossover design may have been invalid. At time 1 there was no significant difference between group mean scores for randomized patients (p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Although the AUA symptom index should be self-administered when possible, interviewer administration appears to be acceptable.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of a cDNA encoding a human serum marker for acute pancreatitis. Identification of pancreas-specific protein as pancreatic procarboxypeptidase B.

A human pancreas-specific protein (PASP), previously characterized as a serum marker for acute pancreatitis and pancreatic graft rejection, has been identified as pancreatic procarboxypeptidase B (PCPB). cDNAs encoding PASP/PCPB were isolated from a human pancreas cDNA library using a combination of nucleic acid hybridization screening and immunoscreening with antisera raised against native PASP. The deduced amino acid sequence of PASP/PCPB cDNA predicts the translation of a 416-amino acid preproenzyme with a 15-amino acid signal/leader peptide and a 95-amino acid activation peptide. The proenzyme portion of this protein has 76% identity with rat PCPB and 84% identity with bovine carboxypeptidase B. DNA and RNA blot analyses indicate that human PCPB mRNA (1,400 nucleotides) is transcribed from a single locus in the human genome in a tissue-specific fashion. N-terminal sequencing of native PASP and the specific immunoreactivity of bacterially expressed PASP/PCPB with native PASP antibodies confirm the identification of PASP as human pancreatic PCPB.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Lactation, nutrition and fertility and the secretion of prolactin and gonadotrophins in Mopan Mayan women.

The effect of lactation on menstrual cycles, ovulation and conception was studied in a group of non-contracepting Amerindian Mopan Mayan women. Anthropological observations of relevant events were made over a 21-month period. Blood samples were assayed to determine the plasma concentrations of prolactin, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin, placental lactogen, oestrogen, progesterone and cortisol. The data show that: frequent and prolonged breast-feeding was associated with a marked increase in plasma prolactin concentrations to levels similar to those in lactating Gaing but higher than those in lactating Scottish women; ovulatory menstrual cycles and pregnancy occurred during frequent lactation; in lactating menstruating women there was an inverse correlation between fat weight and months post-partum. These data suggest that other factors as well as suckling account for the effects of lactation on fecundity.

Belize↗
PubMed1991

Steroid control of central neuronal interactions and function.

Steroids have potent actions on the brain which can be categorized as; (i) fast (approximately ms-s), (ii) intermediate (h-days), (iii) long-term reversible (days-weeks) and (iv) long-term irreversible. Here attention is focussed on the intermediate and long-term reversible effects of steroids with emphasis on glucocorticoids and oestrogen. Glucocorticoid negative feedback is generally classified as fast, delayed and long-term. Fast negative feedback would appear to depend mainly on a reduction in pituitary responsiveness to corticotrophin releasing factor-41 (CRF-41) and possibly arginine vasopressin (AVP). Delayed feedback is mediated by reduced AVP release into hypophysial portal blood and blockade of the ACTH response to CRF-41. Long-term negative feedback is a consequence of reduced CRF-41 and AVP release into portal blood. Lesion and electrical stimulation studies pinpoint the paraventricular nuclei as the main site at which glucocorticoids act to control ACTH release. Oestrogen at physiologically low plasma concentrations inhibits gonadotrophin secretion. At physiologically high plasma concentrations, such as those that occur during the preovulatory surge, oestradiol-17 beta stimulates the biosynthesis of LHRH mRNA and LHRH and the release of LHRH into hypophysial portal blood. Oestradiol also increases pituitary responsiveness to LHRH. The action of oestrogen on LHRH neurons is probably mediated by interneurons and may involve disinhibition; this view is supported by our in situ hybridization studies which show that oestrogen, in its positive feedback mode, significantly reduces the synthesis of proopiomelanocortin mRNA in arcuate neurons which when active are likely to inhibit LHRH neurons. The mechanism of action of oestrogen on the pituitary gland is not yet established, but clues from the action of the priming effect of LHRH suggests that oestrogen may potentiate phosphoinositide second messenger cascades. LHRH priming involves the synthesis of a 70 kDa protein the N-terminus of which is identical to an oestrogen-induced protein in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus involved in lordosis, and to that of phospholipase C alpha. Attention is drawn to the remarkable economy of the system by which a single steroid, oestrogen, has effects on the brain and pituitary gland which result in a co-ordinated sequence of amplifier cascades which lead first to the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone and then to mating behaviour, both of which are obviously essential for continuation of the species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

The provision of ophthalmic services for a rehabilitation day care centre population with multiple physical handicaps.

The provision of the wide variety of support services necessary for patients with multiple handicaps is often poorly coordinated. In this study a group of 108 adults, aged from 19 to 90 years, who suffered from multiple physical handicaps and attended a rehabilitation day care centre, had their visual functions and requirements assessed by a multidisciplinary team. The programme consisted of five stages. Each patient was initially screened and subsequently referred for more detailed optometric, ophthalmological, low vision or rehabilitation assessments, where appropriate. Results indicated that many of the patients had not been receiving regular ocular assessments and would benefit from the provision of an optical appliance or ophthalmological treatment. The survey provided staff at the rehabilitation centre with information on the visual status of individual patients and enhanced general eye-care awareness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Significance of blasts in low-cell-count cerebrospinal fluid specimens from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of more than 5% blasts in a differential count of cytocentrifuged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with less than 6 leukocytes/microliter was predictive of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A double concentrate method of cytocentrifuge preparation was used to analyze 4543 consecutive CSF specimens from 349 children with ALL between January 1, 1982, and September 30, 1988. One hundred nine CSF specimens from 58 evaluable children had less than 6 leukocytes/microliter and more than 5% blasts on cytocentrifuge differential count (low-cell-count specimen with blasts [LCB]). During the study period, 25 of 332 evaluable children (7.5%) had CNS leukemic recurrence. In 22 of 25 (88%), the CNS relapse was preceded by at least one abnormal low-cell-count CSF specimen. One of 34 patients with a single LCB at diagnosis (3%) had subsequent CNS relapse compared with five of eight patients (62.5%) with a single LCB during remission (P = 0.0002). Of 16 children with two or more LCB during remission, nine (56%) had CNS relapse defined by standard criteria, whereas six additional patients in this group were declared to be in CNS relapse on the basis of their repetitive LCB. Whether diagnosing CNS recurrence earlier in its course based on a modification of the definition of CNS leukemia will change the frequency of subsequent adverse events or make possible decreased intensity of CNS retreatment remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Reduced plasma oestrogen stimulated neurophysin and delayed response to oestrogen challenge in Alzheimer's disease.

Plasma concentrations of oestrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN) were reduced in 28 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with 14 age-matched controls, 16 patients with other presenile dementias and 12 patients with major depressive disorder. The ESN response to oestrogen challenge was delayed in 10 AD patients compared with 7 age-matched controls. Reduced basal and oestrogen stimulated plasma ESN may be related to impaired responsiveness of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurons and/or a reduction in the amount of pituitary ESN available for release. Plasma ESN measurements may be of value for excluding the diagnosis of AD in patients with dementia who present before the age of 65.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Heterogeneity of acute "undifferentiated" leukemia of childhood: ultrastructural, immunophenotypic, and karyotypic analyses.

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to reclassify the 19 cases of childhood acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) diagnosed at our institution during the past 12 years. Based on ultrastructural and immunophenotypic data, seven of the cases were reclassified as lymphoid, nine as myeloid, and three remain unclassifiable. Clinical features, clonal karyotypes, and responses to treatment were also examined. Abnormal clonal karyotypes were found in 16 of 17 cases, including eight cases with translocations, three with monosomy 7 or 7q, and one with numerous complex structural rearrangements. Fourteen patients had greater than 10% French-American-British L2 blasts in bone marrow. Although nine of 15 patients who initially received induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) achieved remission, only one patient is a long-term survivor. Only one of 10 patients who received therapy for acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia during the course of their disease remains a long-term survivor. These data suggest that the majority of cases of AUL can be reclassified as either myeloid or lymphoid leukemias, that AUL is associated with a high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, and that AUL carries a very poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

5-Hydroxytryptamine3 receptors mediate tachycardia in conscious instrumented dogs.

Intravenously administered 5-HT and the 5-HT3 selective agonist, 2CH3-5-HT, and the 5-HT2 selective agonist, alpha-CH3-5-HT, transiently increased heart rate in conscious, instrumented dogs. 5-HT, alpha-CH3-5-HT and 2CH3-5-HT increased systolic blood pressure in conscious dogs. The increase in blood pressure produced by alpha-CH3-5-HT was blocked by the 5-HT2 selective antagonist, LY53857, supporting a role for vascular 5-HT2 receptors in the pressor response to these amines. In contrast, LY53857 did not antagonize tachycardia produced by 2CH3-5-HT. Furthermore, propranolol also did not block 2CH3-5-HT-induced tachycardia, indicating that an indirect neuronal effect to release norepinephrine cannot explain the increase in heart rate to 2CH3-5-HT. Tachycardia to 2CH3-5-HT (as well as to isoproterenol) was modestly inhibited, but never abolished by interruption of the autonomic nervous system with atropine or hexamethonium. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, zacopride, ICS 205-930 and GR38032F, dose-dependently blocked the tachycardia and pressor response to 2CH3-5-HT. These data establish the presence of a 5-HT3 receptor mediating a direct positive chronotropic effect of 5-HT in conscious dogs, an effect that depends, only minimally, on the presence of an intact autonomic nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Education. Making your experience count.

The academic rigour and intensity of health visitor courses has always been acknowledged by health visitor lecturers and experienced by students but there has previously been little in the way of academic reward and recognition for their efforts. Now newly-validated health visitor courses are awarded the academic accreditation of diploma in professional studies in health visiting, if they take place in participating institutions using the credit accumulation and transfer scheme (CATS).

Accreditation↗
PubMed1989

Apparent Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and Miller-Dieker syndrome in a family with segregating translocation t(7;17)(q34;p13.1).

We describe a family in which one male infant presented with Miller-Dieker syndrome and four male relatives had a phenotype similar to the Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome. High resolution cytogenetic analysis on the child with Miller-Dieker syndrome showed 46,XY,-17,+der17t(7;17)(q34:p13.1). Paternal chromosomes showed a balanced translocation: 46,XY,t(7;17)(q34:p13.1). The paternal grandmother had a history of multiple miscarriages, and a paternal uncle had two sons who died neonatally. Chromosomes on these children and their father had originally been reported as normal. There was also a paternal cousin to the father of the propositus who had had two sons with similar clinical findings. A diagnosis of SLO syndrome was considered. Image enhancement techniques on previous suboptimal preparations on these four children documented the subtle unbalanced translocation 46,XY,-7,+der7t(7;17)(q34:p13.1). Subsequent high resolution analysis on one of these four children who was still living confirmed this chromosome constitution. It is postulated that these apparent SLO cases may represent a contiguous gene syndrome in which SLO or a separate entity closely mimicking the syndrome in included.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Luteinizing hormone responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in acute mania and the effects of lithium on LHRH and thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests in volunteers.

The endocrine responses to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) of eight drug-free males with mania were determined. Basal levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and the plasma levels following injection of LHRH were elevated in patients compared with controls; Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and testosterone were not different. Elevated levels of LH have been described previously in recovered manic patients and have been suggested to be state-independent features of mania. In order to clarify the status of this finding, the effects of lithium administration upon hormone responses to LHRH in six male volunteers were also investigated, together with the effects upon Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) stimulation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and prolactin release. Lithium increased the basal levels of LH and levels after injection of LHRH without effect upon FSH and testosterone. Lithium also increased basal and TRH stimulated release of TSH and basal prolactin levels. Lithium was without effect upon prolactin responses to TRH. The results are discussed in relation to current information on the mechanism of lithium's action. The implications for neuroendocrine work on recovered patients taking lithium are also explored.

Adult↗