[Etiology and pathogenesis of bladder carcinoma].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Wolf.
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Human urothelial cell lines of non-malignant and malignant origin were classified into three grades of transformation, i.e. TGr I, TGr II, and TGr III, which differ from primary and early cultures of normal bladder mucosa (TGr 0) by growth in the absence of fibroblasts, prolonged survival, increasing chromosomal abnormalities, and antigenic modifications. Non-malignant pure epithelial cell lines with a prolonged, but finite life span (18-38 passager in vitro) were classified as TGr I. These cells were characterized by chromosomal counts showing a considerable variation but with a near-diploid mode and a smaller size but otherwise normal morphology. TGr II cells differed from TGr I by infinite growth transformation and wide morphological variability. TGr III cells were above all characterized by their ability to produce tumors in nude mice and to invade and destroy fragments of embryonic heart in vitro. These immortalized cells were small with a large nucleus and a uniform polygonal shape. Chromosomal counts showed pronounced aneuploidy with an increased number of chromosomes.
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In a pilot study, 25 patients with histories of repeated abortion were treated by passive immunotherapy with high-dosage immunoglobulin administration (Sandoglobulin). Plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation, hematocrit, PAI, D-dimer and Factor VIIIR:AG were studied in order to detect risks. By September 1, 1992, 16 women had given birth; abortion had recurred in 2 women and 7 were pregnant between the 10th and 37th GW. Five pregnancies terminated in premature/small-for-date births and one neonate had a congenital malformation syndrome. Under immunoglobulin therapy no hyperviscosity or excessive fibronolysis defects with a tendency to thrombosis or restriction of intervillous perfusion were observed. Besides safety for mother and fetus, intravenous immunoglobulin administration has the added advantage that it can be used in cases of primary and secondary abortion and for women with deficient immune response.
A patient with a history of early onset preeclampsia and repeated fetal death, high titer IgG anticardiolopin antibodies and prolonged aPTT was treated during her third pregnancy with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) from the seventh month of pregnancy onwards. Every month--after a loading dose of 30 g immunoglobulins--a daily infusion of 3 g immunoglobulin was for three days was given during six consecutive cycles. The patients pregnancy ended preterm with a life birth, delivered by cesarean section, because of a severe preeclampsia. The 1600 g weighing boy was in good health. Each treatment with IVIG resulted in a reduction of anticardiolipin-antibodies. During the seventh months observation period, a gradual increase in PAI activity/factor VIIIR:Ag was found. A partial transient reduction of antiphospholipid-antibody levels was observed immediately following each treatment course resulting in an accelerated fetal outcome.