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H Wulff

Publications and source records attributed to H Wulff.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Indirect immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of Lassa fever infection.

The indirect immunofluorescent technique is a rapid method for identification of Lassa virus and Lassa virus antibody. In the study reported here, Lassa virus antigen was detected by this method in Vero cell cultures within 24 hours of their inoculation with an infected human blood specimen. A diagnosis could be made from field-collected specimens within 3 days of their receipt.Fluorescent antibodies against Lassa virus were detected in human serum as early as 7 to 10 days after onset of illness, and were detected as long as 61 months after infection. Complement fixing antibodies were not as long lasting.No antigenic differences were noted by the indirect immunofluorescence technique between several Lassa virus strains isolated from Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone over a 6-year period.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparative pathology of Lassa virus infection in monkeys, guinea-pigs, and Mastomys natalensis.

Experimental Lassa virus infections of squirrel monkeys, guinea-pigs, and the African multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis, were studied virologically and pathologically. In the monkeys, early viral lymphoreticulotropism, hepatotropism, nephrotropism, and viraemia were noted. At the time of death, viral titres in nearly all target organs were associated with necrotic changes: splenic lymphoid necrosis, renal tubular necrosis, myocarditis, arteritis, and hepatocytic regeneration. In convalescent monkeys, organ titres diminished slowly, and viraemia persisted at 28 days. At this time, renal and splenic regeneration was occurring and a new lesion, choriomeningitis, was present.Guinea-pigs infected with Lassa virus developed respiratory insufficiency with pulmonary oedema, alveolar hyaline membranes, myocarditis, and focal calcification of myocardial fibres and hepatocytes. Dying animals contained Lassa virus in virtually every organ tested, whereas survivors at 56 days were free of virus and had high complement-fixing antibody titres.Infection of neonatal Mastomys did not cause any clinical disease or pathological lesions despite the presence of virus in the blood, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung, brain, urine, and throat secretions throughout the 74-day study. Infected adult Mastomys also remained normal but had virus in many organs. In one animal, virus persisted until the termination of the study at 103 days. Several animals developed a mild meningoencephalitis. The pattern of infection and virus shedding in M. natalensis is ideal for maintenance of the virus in nature; together with the epidemiological field data this emphasizes the incidental nature of the exposure and infection of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Microneutralization test for determination of rhinovirus and coxsackievirus A antibody in human diploid cells.

A method for determination of serum-neutralizing antibody titers to rhinovirus type 16 and coxsackievirus type A-4 in human diploid cells (WI-38) grown in Microtiter plates is described. A good correlation was observed when comparing neutralization tests in WI-38 and other cells. The WI-38 Microtiter method is relatively simple and economical. It is suitable for those laboratories which are required to conduct large-scale serological evaluation of antibodies for rhinoviruses and coxsackie A viruses. This system also can be used for cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus, which grow relatively slowly.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1969

Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. I. Introduction, background and results of pilot studies.

Jet injection has met with great success in the rapid and effective mass administration of several immunizing agents. The recent development of a jet injector nozzle specifically designed for intradermal inoculation suggested the possible extension of jet injector methodology to mass smallpox vaccination. A total of 156 volunteer subjects, 16 unvaccinated and 140 vaccinated more than 5 years previously, received either undiluted smallpox vaccine by the multiple-pressure technique, or 0.1 ml of various dilutions of smallpox vaccine by jet injector using the new nozzle. Cutaneous and serological responses in revaccinees revealed that jet injection of diluted vaccine with a titre of 10(7) TCID(50)/ml was as effective as multiple-pressure inoculation of undiluted vaccine. Among the small number of primary vaccinees, jet injection of diluted vaccine with a titre of 10(6) TCID(50)/ml appeared as effective as multiple-pressure inoculation of undiluted vaccine. No complications of vaccination occurred.The findings confirm the utility of the intradermal nozzle for jet injection of smallpox vaccine. In view of the speed of administration and the economy of vaccine, it is suggested that there is a distinct role for jet injection in global smallpox eradication efforts. Further studies on larger numbers of unvaccinated subjects and on persons with significant residual vaccinial immunity are needed to define the optimal concentration of vaccine for mass vaccination by jet injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. 2. Cutaneous and serological responses to primary vaccination in children.

Primary vaccination by intradermal jet injection, using diluted smallpox vaccine, was compared with multiple-pressure vaccination in 625 Jamaican children. The cutaneous and antibody response patterns were evaluated. The primary take rates among those jet vaccinated were 97% or more in those receiving vaccines with a titre of 10(6.3) TCID(50)/ml and 10(7.0)TCID(50)/ml, and 96% in those vaccinated by multiple pressure, using undiluted vaccine. The primary take rates in subjects receiving jet-injected vaccine with titres of 10(6.0) TCID(50)/ml and 10(5.0) TCID(50)/ml were 90% and 62%, respectively. Among subjects tested who developed Jennerian vesicles, all but 3 demonstrated seroconversion. In those who failed to develop primary Jennerian vesicles, there was also a failure of neutralizing-antibody development. Vesicle and scar sizes were generally smaller in the jet-vaccinated subjects than in those vaccinated by the multiple-pressure technique. Infants tolerated jet vaccination without difficulty. Vaccinial complications did not occur in any subject. The intradermal jet injection of 0.1 ml of vaccine with a titre 10(6.3) TCID(50)/ml or higher is recommended as a highly effective method for achieving successful primary smallpox vaccination. The method appears best suited for use in mass smallpox-vaccination programmes.

Child↗
PubMed1969

Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. 3. Evaluation in a well-vaccinated population.

Smallpox vaccinations were performed in a well-vaccinated prison population by multiple-pressure technique and by intradermal jet injection using serial dilutions of vaccine. A total of 140 subjects were divided into groups, and each group was vaccinated by the multiple-pressure technique or by jet injection using 1 of 3 vaccine dilutions with the following calculated titres: ID-Jet 1 = 10(7.0) TCID(50)/ml, ID-Jet 1a = 10(6.3) TCID(50)/ml, ID-Jet 2 = 10(6.0) TCID(50)/ml. Clinical observations were made at intervals during the first week after vaccination. Prevaccination and post-vaccination serum samples were obtained immediately before and 30 days after the vaccination. Results based on clinical and serological evaluations indicated that smallpox vaccination by jet injection with the ID-Jet 1 vaccine was at least as efficacious as vaccination by the standard multiple-pressure technique.

Adult↗