[New aspects of Theodor Billroth's heritage].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Wyklicky.
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Biographical data and the evaluation of the scientific work of Corti taken from Austrian, German, Italian, Swiss and American medical historiographers are summarised and completed by details and documents of the time Corti spent in Vienna. It is pointed out that Corti received important impulse for his later research when he was Hyrtl's assistant.
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Schönbauer's merits for the Society of Physicians in Vienna not only concern the renovation of its building after the Second World War but also his active scientific co-operation during four decades. His lectures are primarily devoted to abdominal surgery and neuro-surgery.
Established by Auenbrugger the physical diagnostic increased the special occupation with diseases of the heart. The "anatomical clinic" in Vienna developed it to a before anticipated exactitude. Later Nothnagel and Wenckebach payed special attention to the symptom of angina pectoris. Austrian pioneers of electrocardiography were Rothberger and Winterberg.
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The curricula vitae of Hungarian-born eminent physicians who worked in Vienna primarily during the 19th century were compiled. The reason for doing so was the 150th anniversary of the foundation of the Society of Physicians in Budapest.
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Bárány's main achievement is that he unified known, but apparently contradictory facts into one perspective. The concept of a method for examining each ear individually by means of the caloric test fundamentally advanced diagnostics. In 1914 he was honoured with the Nobel Prize, but in his home town of Vienna he was denied the title of professor. Many debates took place about this. In 1917 he moved to Uppsala where he eventually became head of the laryngology department. Two reasons justify the fact that we may call Bárány an Austrian Nobel Prize Winner, firstly that he kept his loyalty to Vienna, his birth place and, secondly, that all his work for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize was done in the Vienna General Hospital.
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Although the anaesthetizing effect of cocaine had been known for a long time, it was only in 1884 that Karl Koller first carried out animal experiments, followed by clinical testing in humans of the anaesthetic effect of cocaine on the eye. Freud had shortly before directed the attention of Viennese doctors to the alkaloid cocaine in a paper. Upon Freud's suggestion Königstein tested the effect of cocaine therapeutically, whilst Koller independently conceived the use of cocaine as a local anaesthetic for eye operations. Jelinek introduced cocaine into laryngology and Wölfler into surgery, as further applications for the use of this local anaesthetic.
Salomon Stricker became the first head of the Department of General and Experimental Pathology, which was inaugurated by Rokitansky. Stricker, who was originally a histologist, recognized, in the colouring matters with which he treated surviving tissue, also the function of reagents. Knoll urgently requested a ward to be attached to the department. Paltauf extended the field of work by dissection for experimental pathology, microbiology of pathogenic germs, pathological morphology and chemistry. Rothberger's research concerning the anatomical basis of electrocardiography originated here. The department was closed down before 1938. Its revitalization came in 1956 by Adolf Lindner.
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