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Biomedical subjects

H Yabuuchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Yabuuchi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Semiautomated enzyme immunoassay of thyrotropin as a mass screening test for neonatal hypothyroidism.

A sensitive, simple, and rapid semiautomated sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for measuring thyrotropin in dried blood samples on filter paper for use in screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. Good correlation was found between values for thyrotropin determined by this method and those determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) (r=0.94). In pilot tests on 17,160 newborn infants in the general population, five cases of primary hypothyroidism were detected by both EIA and RIA. The recall rate was slightly highter in EIA than in RIA.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1984

Effect of vitamin D3 on the pancreatic secretion of insulin and somatostatin.

To clarify the role of vitamin D in the regulation of the endocrine pancreas, we have studied insulin and somatostatin secretion in vitamin D deficient rats (reared on a vitamin D deficient diet), D-replete rats (reared on a vitamin D deficient diet and given 160 IU of vitamin D3 sc twice a week) and control rats (reared on laboratory chow), using the isolated perfused rat pancreas. In the vitamin D deficient rats, the perfusate insulin induced by 16.7 mM glucose was only 35% of the secretion in the control rats. In the D-replete rats, the insulin release was restored to that of the controls. Similarly, the plasma insulin level in the vitamin D deficient rats was very low and the level in the D-replete rats was also restored to the level of the controls. The perfusate somatostatin response to glucose was not significantly different in any of the three groups. In addition, since the plasma calcium level in the vitamin D deficient rats was very low and in the D-replete rats was still lower, compared to normal rats, we suggest that vitamin D acts not only via the plasma calcium level but possibly also directly on the B cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A simplified immunofluorescence technique for antibody to varicella-zoster membrane antigen (FAMA).

Indirect fluorescent antibody to varicella-zoster membrane antigens (FAMA) was measured by a new technique. The procedure gives rapid, sensitive and accurate results and is suitable for use in diagnosis or screening of susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. The test procedure was simplified by using Terasaki tissue culture plates for the reaction and for direct observation by fluorescence microscopy. Preparations of VZV-infected Vero cells stored in liquid nitrogen could be used as antigen in this FAMA-test.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of seizures and antiepileptic drugs on benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain.

Benzodiazepine receptors appear to be pharmacologically important as the modulator of anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant activities in the central nervous system. The acute effects of valproic acid (VPA), diazepam (DZ), phenobarbital (PB), and phenytoin (PHT) on benzodiazepine receptor binding as measured by 3H-flunitrazepam were studied in Sprague Dawley (S/D) rat cerebral cortices. The acute effects of seizures were also studied in both S/D rats and audiogenic seizure rats. In the VPA (100 mg/kg, IP) treated rats, there was a 11% increase in benzodiazepine receptor density (Bmax). This effect appear to be dose dependent as higher doses of VPA (200-500 mg/kg) resulted in more increase in Bmax. No significant change occurred in Kd after acute VPA treatment. However, acute PB (100 mg/kg), PHT (100-200 mg/kg), or DZ (50 mg/kg) did not produce any changes in Bmax or dissociation constants (Kd). In S/D rats, significant increases in Bmax were observed 30 minutes after seizures induced by electroshock or pentylenetetrazol (50 mg/kg) IP injection. However, audiogenic seizure rats had higher Bmax prior to the induction of seizures when compared to normal S/D rats, and no changes in Bmax occurred after seizures in audiogenic seizure rats. No changes in Kd were seen in either S/D rats or audiogenic seizure rats before and after seizures. These data suggest that an increase in benzodiazepine receptor density might correlate with the mechanism of anticonvulsant action of VPA, and that a possible disorder of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex may be involved in the seizure susceptibility in audiogenic seizure rats.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

A live varicella vaccine in a pediatric community.

A total of 663 children with various underlying diseases were immunized with a live varicella vaccine at the vaccine clinic of Osaka University Hospital during a period of seven years from October, 1975. Clinical reactions after vaccination occurred in 32.4% (24/74) of the children with malignancies and in 0.3% (2/591) of those in other groups. Vaccine-induced immunity was detected for more than 6 years, by FAMA (fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen) and IAHA (immune adherence hemagglutination) tests, and a skin-test for varicella-zoster virus (VZV). During an observation period of more than 7 years, clinical varicella developed in 12 children, 8 of whom were in the group with malignancies. Zoster occurred in only 4 (9.1%) of 44 vaccinees with acute leukemia, this incidence being significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that (21.6%, 8/37) in un-vaccinated leukemic children.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Study of ammonia metabolism in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency using an 15N tracer.

Ammonia metabolism was studied in an 8-year-old girl with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, using 15N-tracer. Changes in the incorporation of 15N into amino acids and urea were examined after 15NH4Cl administration. The recovery of total 15N in the urine of the patient in 3 days was 28.5% of the administered 15N whereas that of a control was 69.3%. They were mostly urea. The recovery of 15N-urea in the patient was 28.8% of the control in 1 day, 32% in 2 days and 33.3% in 3 days after the administration of 15NH4Cl. A larger amount of 15N was incorporated into glutamine (alpha-amino N) and glutamate and 15N was incorporated more rapidly into alanine, asparagine and serine in the patient than in the control. The incorporation into ornithine was less in the patient than in the control.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Application of epithelial cells in culture to the biochemical studies of lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies.

Epithelial cells are readily obtained when the primary culture of skin fibroblasts is established. The major lysosomal hydrolase activities in normal epithelial cells are lower than those in normal fibroblasts. The primary deficiency of lysosomal enzymes can be detected both in epithelial cells and in cultured skin fibroblasts. However, epithelial cells of I-cell disease show only beta-galactosidase deficiency. This result indicates that epithelial cells have different biochemical properties from skin fibroblasts and they may be similar to those of visceral organs. Therefore, cultured epithelial cells seem to be useful for the studies on lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1983

A severe infantile sialidosis (beta-galactosidase-alpha-neuraminidase deficiency) mimicking GM1-gangliosidosis type 1.

We observed a 3-month-old Japanese female infant with severe psychomotor retardation, coarse facial appearance, hepatosplenomegaly, and dysostosis multiplex. Only beta-galactosidase was found to be deficient when the routine lysosomal hydrolase assay was performed on the patient's lymphocytes at 6 months of age. At first GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 seemed the most likely diagnosis. Later, however, additional studies (hydrolase assay in cultured skin fibroblasts, urinary oligosaccharide analysis, genetic complementation study, etc.) revealed that biochemical data of this case were in agreement with those of severe infantile sialidosis. The only important exception was that alpha-neuraminidase in the patient's lymphocytes showed normal activity but abnormal pH dependence toward 4-methylumbellyferyl substrate. In addition, a severely damaged kidney suggested that his case may be classified as a unique type of severe infantile sialidosis (possible nephrosialidosis). These observations stress the importance of careful biochemical diagnosis of a case with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 phenotype.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural study on nervous system of fetus with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1.

The nervous system of a 22-year-old fetus with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 was studied by electron microscopy. The tissues thus examined were the cerebral cortex at the parietal region, the cerebellum, the thoracic spinal cord, the Auerbach's myenteric plexus in the large intestine and the radial nerve fibers. In the cerebral cortex, membrane-bound vacuoles, which occasionally contained stacks of fine fibrils, were observed in the large young neurons in the deeper part of the cortical plate. The neurons in the other part of the cerebral cortex carried no storage materials. In the cerebellum, the membrane-bound vacuoles with stacks of fine fibrils were seen only in the Purkinje cells. The neurons in the spinal cord also contained several zebra-like bodies and the above membrane-bound vacuoles. As for the peripheral nervous system (PNS), neurons in the Auerbach's myenteric plexus carried membranous cytoplasmic bodies and zebra-like bodies. Some of the axons in the radial nerve fibers also contained a lot of pleomorphic electron-dense bodies and a few membranous cytoplasmic ones. These results show that the accumulation of storage materials is started in the large neurons which are produced in the early stage of neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, the observed membrane-bound vacuoles are considered to be structures which occur before the membranous cytoplasmic bodies and/or the zebra-like bodies. It is also elucidated that the PNS is affected earlier than the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and thoracic spinal cord.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1983

Internal carotid velocity measurements in children with cerebrovascular disease.

Internal carotid artery flow velocity was evaluated by the Doppler ultrasound method in 32 children with cerebrovascular disease. The average maximal blood velocity (A/L) and end-diastolic blood velocity (d) were compared with each other as indices of blood flow velocity. The right and left mean A/L and d of moyamoya disease were significantly lower than those observed in normal children. The A/L and d of the affected side both in internal carotid artery occlusion and in middle cerebral artery occlusion were also significantly low. In the subarachnoid hemorrhage after rupture, these values were significantly low. In basilar artery occlusion, these values were similar to those in normal children. The results of this study indicate that Doppler ultrasound assessment of internal carotid flow velocity provides noninvasive reliable information for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease in childhood.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed1983

Bilateral intracranial granulomas as a complication of infected subdural peritoneal shunt.

Intracranial granuloma in childhood is considered to be a very rare disorder. A three-year-old child is described who had bilateral intracranial granulomas originating from the ends of bilateral subdural-peritoneal shunts. Serial computerized tomographic examinations revealed variable and peculiar findings. Since subdural-peritoneal shunt is used in neonate, intracranial granuloma must be considered as a potential complication of unremoved subdural-peritoneal shunt.

Brain Diseases↗