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Biomedical subjects

H Yajima

Publications and source records attributed to H Yajima.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Vascularized fibular graft for reconstruction after resection of aggressive benign and malignant bone tumors.

From 1982 to 1991, 19 patients at Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan, underwent resection of aggressive benign and malignant bone tumors, with limb salvage and reconstruction by free vascularized fibula grafts. The patients were followed up for an average of 54 months. The reconstructed site was the jaw in 6 cases, upper extremity in 3, spine in 1, pelvis in 2, and lower extremity in 7. Six patients had aggressive benign lesions, and 13 had malignant lesions. The sizes of the resultant bone defect ranged from 6 to 20 cm, and the lengths of fibular used ranged from 8 to 24 cm. The average time to union was 4.1 months (2-9 months) in the extremities and pelvis. Local recurrence was observed in 3 cases, for whom vascularized fibula grafts were performed for recurrent tumors. In cases of primary untreated tumors, no recurrences occurred. Therefore, this procedure should be performed at the time of primary operation after extensive resection of an aggressive benign or malignant bone tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Mitochondrial DNA repair by photolyase.

Photolyase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli were expressed in S. cerevisiae and photoreactivation in nuclei and mitochondria of the host cells was analyzed by determination of survival and petit rates. Yeast photolyase was able to repair mitochondrial DNA effectively, whereas E. coli photolyase could reduce only a small fraction of the petit rate produced by UV irradiation. Analysis using fusion between yeast photolyase and E. coli lacZ genes as well as a chimeric gene between yeast and E. coli photolyase genes suggests the importance of the protruding amino terminal region of the yeast photolyase for its transport into mitochondria. A significant similarity between the protruding amino termini of yeast photolyase and yeast uracil-DNA-glycosylase suggests a common functional importance of the terminal sequences for both DNA repair enzymes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Respiratory function in patients with perennial nasal allergy and pollinosis].

There are many patients with allergic rhinitis who have no lower airway symptoms. The question arises as to whether or not the lower airway is involved in such cases, but the results of investigations in this field remain controversial. To answer this question, I performed various respiratory function tests in patients with perennial nasal allergy or pollinosis with or without a history of bronchial asthma. In addition, physiological changes in lower airway lesions were evaluated after challenge with antigen and histamine in these patients. In the present study, respiratory function was examined by autospirometry and the following results were obtained. 1. The group with perennial nasal allergy and a history of bronchial asthma showed significantly lower FEV1.0%, PER, %VC, V75, V50, and V25 values than the group with perennial nasal allergy without history of bronchial asthma, indicating an obstructive lesion in the lower airway. The group with perennial nasal allergy alone showed lower V75, V50, and V25 values than the control group, suggesting small airway obstruction. 2. The group with perennial nasal allergy and a history of bronchial asthma showed marked hypersensitivity in the lower airway after histamine inhalation. The group with perennial nasal allergy alone showed marked changes in V75, V50, and V25: the degree was between that of the control group and that in the group with a history of asthma. 3. In patients with pollinosis, various respiratory function tests showed no abnormalities during the in-season of pollinosis and the out-seasons. However, inhalation of antigen or histamine decreased various parameters, significantly V50 and V25, during the symptomatic season.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Prostatic specific antigen (PA) in mass screening for prostate cancer].

The usefulness of prostatic specific antigen (PA) was compared with that of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). PA was determined in the serum of 2,183 patient examined by the mass screening for prostate cancer from 1987 to 1990. The serum samples of these patients were obtained from our serum bank. PA was measured by the E test "TOSOH" II (PA). The relationship of PA and PAP to prostate size estimated by digital rectal examination (DRE) and ultrasound tomography (US), and age was investigated. PA and PAP correlated with aging and prostate size estimated by DRE. However PA was more apparently related with these things. The correlation between PA and prostatic size estimated by US was relatively high (r = 0.53), but the correlation between PAP and prostate size estimated by US was low (r = 0.20). When the upper limit of normal range was set at 6.0 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency was 64%, 97% and 62%, respectively. PA was more sensitive than PAP and could be more useful since none of the patients with prostate cancer was PAP positive and PA negative. We conclude that PA should be a reliable tumor marker in our mass screening system.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

[A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with acute renal failure].

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially lethal side effect of neuroleptic drugs, characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction, and altered consciousness. A 50-year-old female hospitalized three times in the past for psychiatric treatment was admitted to Umayabashi Hospital for treatment of a relapse of a schizophrenic psychosis. She had received 50 mg of chlorpromazine and one tablet of Vegetamin-A (chlorpromazine 25 mg, promethazine 12.5 mg, phenobarbital 40 mg). Approximately 24-36 hours later, the patient became febrile and lost consciousness, and eight days later, acute renal failure occurred with muscle rigidity. She was transported to Maebashi Red Cross Hospital to receive hemodialysis. On admission, the laboratory studies showed high levels of serum creatine phosphokinase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. She underwent hemodialysis for treatment of acute renal failure and recovered from it after 16 sessions of hemodialysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Cloning and functional characterization of a eucaryotic DNA photolyase gene from Neurospora crassa.

We cloned a genomic fragment of a photolyase gene from Neurospora crassa by polymerase chain reaction using synthesized oligonucleotide primers designed from the most conserved amino acid sequences among photolyases of various organisms. Using the cloned fragment as a hybridization probe we isolated a genomic fragment and cDNA clones encoding the complete photolyase gene of this organism. The amino acid sequence of the photolyase deduced from the determined nucleotide sequence indicates a protein consisting of 615 amino acid residues (Mr 69,971), which is most similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Like yeast photolyase it contains a protruding amino terminus which is missing in photolyases of bacterial origin. Comparison of amino acids sequences among six photolyases suggests that the Neurospora crassa photolyase is more similar to photolyases of pterin type than those of deazaflavin type.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical study on gastrin-releasing peptide-containing peripheral nerve fibers in rat, macaque and human.

Distribution of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-containing peripheral nerve fibers in the respiratory organs, digestive tracts and hearts of rat, monkey and human was studied with immunohistochemical method. In the trachea, GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the lamina propria and surrounded ducts and acini of tracheal serous glands with a basket-like appearance. In the lung, immunoreactive nerve fibers were scattered in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles, and also the adventitia of veins. In the digestive organs, such as esophagus, duodenum and jejunum, numerous GRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed in the lamina propria and muscle layer; especially in the former layer where they were seen running up to the apical part of villi. GRP-containing nerve bundles and branched fibers were also observed in the atrial muscle layer. These results gave a morphological basis to future studies of the functional significance of GRP on autonomic mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Two-step hard acid deprotection/cleavage procedure for solid phase peptide synthesis.

A new two-step deprotection/cleavage procedure for t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) based solid phase peptide synthesis is reported. First the protective groups are removed from 4-(oxymethyl)-phenylacetamidomethyl (PAM) resin attached peptide with the weak hard acid, trimethylsilyl bromide-thioanisole/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In the second step, the peptide is cleaved from the resin with a stronger hard acid such as trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate in TFA or with HF. The method is also shown to deformylate Nin-formyltryptophan moiety efficiently. The usefulness of this procedure for practical solid phase peptide synthesis is demonstrated by comparison with other deprotection methods in the synthesis of urotensin II and human endothelin.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and characterization of a tumor-derived human protein related to chromogranin A and its in vitro conversion to human pancreastatin-48.

A protein with pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity has been isolated and purified from liver metastasis of a patient with insulinoma. NH2-terminal residue analysis, in conjunction with the use of antibodies that are specific for the C-terminal amide peptide of porcine pancreastatin, identified this protein as a 186-amino-acid protein corresponding to human chromogranin A-116-301 (the fragment corresponding to the positions from 116 to 301 of human chromogranin A). Digestion of this protein with trypsin yielded a 48-amino-acid peptide with the retention of full pancreastatin activity. Serum from patient with insulinoma contains a peptide specie(s) that comigrates with the 48-amino-acid pancreastatin, suggesting that this peptide might be a physiologically important circulation form of pancreastatin in humans. A sensitive radioimmunoassay was established using antibody developed against a synthetic 29-amino-acid peptide amide of pancreastatin. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that a major population of human pancreatic islet cells were immunoreactive to the antiserum but with varying intensity of staining. Pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity was not observed in exocrine acinar cells.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1990

Microenzyme immunoassay for the measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-like immunoreactivity in porcine plasma.

A sensitive and specific microenzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure for porcine brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-like immunoreactivity has been developed. Enzyme-labeled antigen was prepared by conjugation of synthetic BNP with beta-D-galactosidase using N-(epsilon-maleimidocaproyloxy)succinimide method. Using a second antibody-coated immunoplate, the minimum amount of BNP-like immunoreactivity (BNP-LI) detectable by this assay system was 1.6 fmol/well. When porcine BNP-LI in porcine plasma was assayed by the present method levels between 1 and 8 pmol/l were detected. Gel filtration of porcine plasma extracts on Sephadex G-25 revealed the presence of two immunoreactive peaks; one eluted at a position identical with that of BNP-26 and the other eluted earlier, close the position of BNP-32.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Purification of a novel type of calcium-activated neutral protease from rat brain. Possible involvement in production of the neuropeptide kyotorphin from calpastatin fragments.

We have found a novel type of Ca2(+)-activated neutral protease in rat brain cytosol which cleaves -Tyr-Arg-containing calpastatin fragments to release the neuropeptide kyotorphin. This enzyme was purified about 26,000-fold by column chromatography as follows: DE52 cellulose, Ultrogel AcA 44, thiopropyl-Sepharose 6B, second DE52 cellulose, Ultrogel AcA 34, and blue Sepharose CL-6B. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 65-75 kDa by gel filtration. The purified enzyme gave a single band of 74 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some properties of this enzyme were similar to those of the calpains, i.e. an absolute requirement for Ca2+, maximal activity at neutral pH, and inhibition by sulfhydryl reagents such as p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide. However, it differs from the calpains in that it possesses no caseinolytic activity, separates from the calpains on the first DE52 column, and is insensitive to leupeptin and E-64 (N-[N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxrian-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]agmatine). Thus, the molecular mass, the substrate specificity, the chromatographic behavior, and the inhibitor spectrum all suggest that this enzyme is a novel type of Ca2(+)-activated neutral protease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Receptor binding of cholecystokinin analogues in isolated rat pancreatic acini.

The receptor binding of CCK analogues was determined in terms of the inhibition of [125I]CCK binding in isolated rat pancreatic acini. The inhibition curve produced by CCK-8 showed the same feature as that produced by synthetic human CCK-33. The relative potency values of CCK analogues to half-maximally inhibit specific CCK binding were calculated; CCK-8 was equal to human CCK-33, 3-fold stronger than natural porcine CCK-33 and 39, and 700-fold stronger than the unsulphated form of synthetic human CCK-33. Our data suggest that CCK-33, one of the longer molecular forms of CCK, is as important as CCK-8 in the mechanism of physiological actions of CCK.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 52b in cervical cancer tissues by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

DNA samples from cancer tissues diagnosed histologically as squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genome DNA by Southern blot hybridization. Of 63 specimens, 32 were found to hybridize with HPV DNA probes; 23 specimens (35%) with HPV type 16 (HPV16), one (2%) with HPV type 18 (HPV18), four (7%) with HPV type 52b (HPV52b), and four others (7%) weakly with HPV52b. Specimens negative for HPV DNA with Southern blot hybridization were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of HPV DNA under more sensitive conditions. After PCR using one set of primers specific for HPV16 and HPV52b, 7 out of 31 specimens were found to have HPV16 DNA. None was positive for HPV52b DNA. Our results indicate that HPV52b, as well as HPV16 and HPV18, is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, and more sensitive determination of HPV infection can be made by amplification of the viral genome by PCR.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Effect of synthetic human cholecystokinin-33 on pancreatic blood flow in dogs.

We have examined the effect of synthetic human cholecystokinin (CCK-33 and CCK-8) on pancreatic blood flow and protein output in anesthetized dogs. Human CCK-33 and CCK-8 increased pancreatic blood flow and protein output in a dose-related manner. There were no significant differences in increasing pancreatic blood flow between human CCK-33 and CCK-8, and increases in blood flow were closely related to the increase of the pancreatic enzyme secretion. L-364,718 (20 nmol/kg) caused a potent inhibition of CCK-stimulated pancreatic blood flow as well as protein output. The degree of inhibition by L-364,718 was dependent on the amount of CCK infused. This study demonstrates that increasing effect on pancreatic blood flow may be one of the biological actions of CCK mediated via CCK receptor. The CCK-33, one of longer molecular forms of CCK, is an important biological stimulator of pancreatic blood flow as well as of exocrine pancreatic secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme immunoassay of somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactive substance in bovine milk.

A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for somatostatin (SS)-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI) was developed with the use of beta-D-galactosidase labeled antigen. The minimum amount of SS-like immunoreactive substance (SS-IS) detectable by this method was 1.0 fmol/well (25 pmol/l). The level of SS-IS in bovine foremilk was about 20 pmol/l, and the level was unchanged after delivery. On the other hand, the levels of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)-IS and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-IS in bovine foremilk were very high, but fell during 1 week after delivery to about 10% of those in foremilk.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Micro-enzyme immunoassay of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive substance in bovine milk.

A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity was developed with the use of synthetic carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) fragment (residue 11-28) of porcine VIP conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase and a second antibody-coated immunoplate. Using 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside as a fluorogenic substrate, the minimum amount of VIP-like immunoreactive substance (VIP-IS) detectable by this method was 0.1 fmol/well (2.5 pmol/l). The level of VIP-IS in bovine foremilk was above 100 pmol/l, which was more than eightfold higher than that in normal milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in genital condylomata in women and their male partners by using in situ hybridization with digoxygenin labeled probes.

Twelve couples (12 women and their male partners) presenting genital warts were investigated in order to evaluate the sexual transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) in mutual partners and the localization of HPV DNA. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of 12 vulvar condylomata, and 12 penile condylomata from male partners were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA-6, -11, and 16/18 by using in situ hybridization with digoxygenin labeled DNA probes. HPV DNA was identified in 9 women (75%) and in 9 men (75%). HPV-6 was frequently identified, being revealed in 42% of the vulvar specimens, in 67% of the cervical specimens and 58% of the penile specimens. Seven of 9 (77%) positive couples shared the same HPV DNA, and 2 couples harbored different HPV DNA types between the partners. The signal intensity of the HPV DNA was generally strong in superficial cell layers, weak in parabasal or basal cell layers. No malignant lesions resulted from the condyloma acuminatum caused by HPV-6 or -11. There were only mild dysplasia in the both sexes.

Condylomata Acuminata↗