16-membered lactone compounds from izenamicins-producing microorganism.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
H Yamaguchi
Publications and source records attributed to H Yamaguchi.
Novel Candida albicans aspartyl protease inhibitor. II. A new pepstatin-ahpatinin group inhibitor, YF-044P-D.
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Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases↗
Specific detection of Aspergillus and Penicillium species from respiratory specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method capable of detecting both Aspergillus fumigatus infections, pulmonary non-fumigatus Aspergillus species (spp.) and Penicillium spp. from clinical specimens was established. The primer pair was designed on the basis of the sequence of the 18S-ribosomal RNA gene of A. fumigatus and P. notatum. A 385 bp product was successfully amplified by this PCR method from all of 12 medically important Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. (38 strains), but not from human, calf, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), any of 14 medically important yeastlike fungal species tested (32 strains) including Candida albicans, several non-albicans Candida and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus neoformans, Mucor spp. or Pneumocystis carinii. This specificity was subsequently confirmed by Southern hybridization analysis. The established PCR can detect such a small amount as 1 pg of A. fumigatus DNA by staining the PCR product with ethidium bromide. With sputum specimens from clinically diagnosed aspergilloma patients, this PCR technique was demonstrated to be a more sensitive diagnostic method for Aspergillus infections than conventional culture techniques.
Aspergillosis↗
Human cardiovascular responses to a 60-min bath at 40 degrees C.
This study was designed to determine human cardiovascular responses to a 60-min bath at 40 degrees C compared with a thermoneutral bath at 34.5 degrees C. We measured mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), skin blood flow (SBF) and core temperature in 8 healthy young males bathing at two different temperatures, 34.5 degrees C and 40 degrees C. During the thermoneutral bath (34.5 degrees C), heart rate tended to decrease, but all other variables showed no significant change. Ten min after entering the 40 degrees C bath, MBP decreased while HR and SBF increased. At the same time core temperature increased. We conclude that bathing at 40 degrees C may induce remarkable changes in the cardiovascular system by increasing core temperature when immersion in a hot bath for more than 10 min.
Adult↗
ATP-induced chloride current and tonic increase of internal Ca2+ concentration in vascular endothelial cells.
The effect of ATP on membrane currents and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was investigated in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. ATP (10 microM) activated the Cl- current within a few minutes following a rapid activation of the K+ current. Fura-2 fluorometry showed that ATP increased [Ca2+]i with a biphasic time course. The tonic phase was markedly depressed by both an increase in [K+]o to 140 mM and a decrease in [Cl-]o to 20 mM. ATP activated not only Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels but also Cl- channels to regulate the membrane potential related to the tonic phase of the [Ca2+]i increase.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Change in density of K+ current of HeLa cells during the cell cycle.
We investigated the cell cycle-dependency of the channel, using cells synchronized by harvesting them at the mitotic stage. The inward K+ currents by whole-cell patch-clamp were highest in early G1, and then decreased with time to a minimum in the S phase, increasing again in the M phase. In contrast, membrane surface area increases with progression of the cell cycle, whereas the currents decreases from early G1 to an apparent minimum in the S phase. Therefore, the densities of K+ current at fixed membrane potentials were highest in early G1 phase and lowest in the S phase.
Calcium↗
[Effectiveness of oral treatment with terbinafine in a guinea pig model of tinea pedis].
In order to perform a preclinical evaluation of effectiveness of oral terbinafine (TBF) in tinea pedis, an animal model was produced using guinea pigs by experimentally infecting the plantar skin with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. TBF was administered orally to groups of the infected guinea pigs once-a-day for 4 consecutive weeks. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed on the basis of recovery of fungal cultures from the plantar skin. The group of guinea pigs treated with 12.5 mg/kg/day of TBF resulted in complete cure. The animal group treated with 3.13 mg/kg/day of TBF showed significantly better mycological response to the therapy than the group treated with 12.5 mg/kg/day of griseofulvin. These results suggest clinical usefulness of oral TBF for the treatment of tinea pedis.
Administration, Oral↗
[A study on effectiveness of treatment and prevention of relapse using topical administration of terbinafine in a guinea pig model for tinea pedis].
The effectiveness of topical terbinafine (TBF) to tinea pedis was evaluated an animal model in which guinea pigs were experimentally infected through their planta pedis with Trichophyton mentagrophytes, then a 1% TBF or butenafine (BTF) cream was administered topically once daily for 4 consecutive weeks. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed on the basis of recovery of fungal cultures from the planta pedis. The cured guinea pigs were reared in a clean environment that protected the animals from reinfection. The dermal tissues were cultured 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-treatment to examine for relapse of tinea. Complete cure was achieved after 4 weeks of administration of TBF or BTF cream. In animals receiving 4 weeks of treatment with TBF, relapse was not observed up to 8 weeks after the termination of treatment. In animals treated with BTF for 4 weeks, while no relapse occurred 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment, relapse was detected in 2 out of 10 feet at 8 weeks after the termination of treatment. These results suggest that topical TBF is effective in curing the infection and in preventing relapse in a guinea pig model of tinea pedis.
Administration, Topical↗
Blood flow velocity in common carotid artery in humans during breath-holding and face immersion.
Blood flow velocity was measured in the common carotid artery of humans during breath-holding (BH) in the supine and upright positions, and during breath-hold face immersion (FIBH) in cold (20 degrees C) and warm (35 degrees C) water in the upright position with 90 degrees flexion of the upper body, to test the influences of the body position, facial immersion and temperature on changes in cerebral blood flow. Simultaneously, the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) under the same conditions, and the end-tidal PO2 and PCO2 (PETO2 and PETCO2) during supine BH, were also measured. Results showed that posture had no significant effect on the apneic HR. Bradycardia developed during cold FIBH, but not warm FIBH. The BP increased during BH in both positions, and during both cold and warm FIBH. The PETO2 decreased and the PETCO2 increased significantly at the end of BH. The blood velocity decreased transiently at the beginning of upright BH, but increased time-dependently during both supine and upright BH. Moreover, the velocity increased more during warm FIBH than during BH's, and even more during cold than warm FIBH. When bradycardia occurred during cold FIBH, the velocity integral per minute tended to decrease. These results suggest that the cerebral blood flow increases in these conditions of BH. This increase can be explained by the increase in PETCO2 and decrease in PETO2, possibly with a slight contribution from the increase in the BP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Detection of neural crest tumors by 123I-MIBG scintigraphy].
From January 1993 to January 1994, scintigraphy with 123I-MIBG and/or 131I-MIBG were performed in 22 patients and their scintigraphic usefulness was evaluated. Iodine-123 MIBG and 131I-MIBG scintigrams were obtained 24 hours after injection of 222 MBq of 123I-MIBG and 48 hours after injection of 20 MBq of 131I-MIBG, respectively. In two patients with pheochromocytoma, the 123I-MIBG and 131I-MIBG scans were performed and both images were compared. In a patient with single intraadrenal pheochromocytoma, the lesion not detected with 131I-MIBG was clearly visualized with 123I-MIBG. In the other patient with multiple metastatic pheochromocytoma, much more lesions were distinctly demonstrated on the 123I-MIBG images than on the 131I-MIBG images. All of the lesions were detected with 123I-MIBG in a patient with pheochromocytoma, 3 patients with neuroblastoma and a patient with medullary thyroid cancer. Most of the normal adrenal glands (86%) were visualized on the 123I-MIBG scintigrams, in 7 patients without neural crest tumor and adrenal diseases, while 131I-MIBG scintigraphy failed to visualize normal adrenal glands in 2 hypertensive patients. The main reason for the superiority of 123I-MIBG to 131I-MIBG is considered to be as follows: 1) higher specific activity of 123I-MIBG. 2) the larger amount of 123I-MIBG used. 3) gamma ray energy of 123I is ideal for gamma camera. In conclusion, 123I-MIBG appears to be a more suitable imaging agent than 131I-MIBG in depicting neural crest tumors.
3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
[Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport in the cell membrane].
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Animals↗
Changes in oral functions and muscular behavior due to surgical orthodontic treatment.
The faces of fifteen adult patients who had undergone surgical orthodontic treatment were videotaped frontally and laterally in order to observe their oral circumferential behavior for function and their facial muscle posture at rest. As the ANB angle became 0.9 degrees from -3.5 degrees and the occlusal relationship improved to normal, facial morphology became harmoneous. In general observation, habits of facial muscle tensity at rest was reduced and lip sucking following forward tongue thrusting was decreased after treatment. Pronunciation of previously unclear sounds such as 'Ta' and 'Sa' improved and breath leakage decreased after treatment. The cooperative motions between lips and tongue improved significantly. Although a few subjects still had weak lip tensity and facial muscles, habits of tongue thrusting during swallowing were generally reduced and swallowing motions became more natural. As the movement of tongue tip became smoother, rhythmical chewing improved, and they became capable of chewing on both sides. Good relationships between morphology, oral function, and muscular behavior are very important in stabilization of the normal dentition after surgical orthodontic treatment. Normally maintained forces of balanced occlusion reduce the possibility of relapse.
Adult↗
[A 46-year-old man with cardiac failure and statues epileptics].
We report a 46-year-old man with bacterial endocarditis and cardiac failure, who developed status epileptics. The patient was apparently well until July of 1991 when there was a gradual onset of fever and general fatigue. He was hospitalized to the cardiology service of our hospital where diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis and aortic insufficiency was made. On October 9, 1991, he suddenly developed cardiogenic shock, and emergency replacement of the aortic valve was made; at the operation, the main trunk of the left coronary artery showed embolic occlusion, and the myocardial movement was markedly diminished; serum creatine kinase was 3.150 IU/l. His cardiac failure did not resolve, and renal failure developed in December 1991, for which peritoneal dialysis was necessary. On February 2, 1992, he suddenly developed a clonic seizure which started from his face with a transient post-ictal left hemiparesis; a cranial CT scan was unremarkable. He was treated with phenytoin and glycerol, however, he developed status epileptics on February 3; he developed cardiac arrest after the injection of phenytoin 750 mg. He was resuscitated, however, his status did not resolve. Neurological consultation was asked on February 4. On physical examination, his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg heart rate 77/min and regular, and body temperature 39.1 degrees C. The palpebral conjunctiva were slightly anemic, however, the bulbar conjunctiva were not icteric. No cervical adenopathy was noted. Glade II systolic murmur was heard in the apex; the lungs were clear. The abdomen was flat and soft without organomegaly. No edema was present in the legs. On neurologic examination, he was comatose without response to painful stimuli. He repeatedly had convulsion lasting for 30 seconds every 2 to 3 minutes; his convulsions started with the conjugate deviation of the eyes to the left followed by turning of the head toward left, and then clonic convulsions started in this left upper limb extending to other extremities. The optic fundi were unable to visualize because of corneal clouding; light reflex was sluggish on the right side; no oculocephalic response was elicited; corneal reflex was also lost bilaterally. Extremities were hypotonic, and no automatic movement was seen. The triceps brachii reflex was diminished, but all the other deep reflexes were lost; no plantar response was elicited. Meningeal sign was absent. He was treated with intravenous diazepam; the interval of convulsions prolonged, however, blood pressure dropped to 40 to 40 mmHg. On February 4, intravenous thiopental anesthesia was instituted, and assisted respiration was started.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Brain↗
Results of subtotal gastrectomy with complete dissection of the N2 lymph nodes preserving the spleen and pancreas in surgery for gastric cancer.
In radical resection for gastric cancer, dissection of the N2 lymph nodes is recommended, and total gastrectomy with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy is sometimes necessary, even if the cancer is located in the middle part of the stomach. However, splenectomy affects the immunological status, and distal pancreatectomy induces diabetes mellitus. In 22 patients with macroscopic Stage II gastric cancer located in the middle part of the corpus, we performed a complete N2 lymph node dissection without splenectomy or pancreatectomy and preserving the short and splenic vessels. Of the 22 cases, 6 had early gastric cancer and 16 advanced cancer. Twenty cases underwent subtotal gastrectomy and 2 cases total gastrectomy. The average number of lymph nodes dissected was 39 (13-82), and 8 patients (36%) showed positive lymph node metastasis (N1(+) 2 cases, N2(+) 6 cases). Postoperative complications were observed in 4 patients (18%), one of whom died of an intraabdominal abscess; the others are alive with no recurrence. This operation is safe and rational, and is recommended mainly in patients with mid-stage gastric cancer located in the middle part of the corpus.
Adult↗
[Therapeutic efficacy of lanoconazole ointment in guinea pig model of tinea pedis, in comparison with that of cream preparations].
The therapeutic efficacy of ointment and cream preparations of lanoconazole in a guinea pig model of tinea pedis was compared. When infected animals were treated once daily with 0.25% and 0.5% lanoconazole ointments, 7 of 10 and 8 of 10 infected feet became culture-negative, respectively. In animals treated with 1% lanoconazole ointment, fungus was not recovered from any infected foot. Comparing these results with those of culture study in animals which were treated with comparable concentrations of lanoconazole cream, no significant differences were found. These studies, therefore, suggested that ointment and cream preparations of lanoconazole on topical application in the tinea pedis model would show basically equivalent therapeutic efficacy.
Administration, Topical↗
"Very well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma" of the stomach: its endoscopic and histopathological characteristics.
Between 1986 and 1991, 31 patients having tubular adenocarcinoma with low cellular and structural atypism ("very well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma:" tub 0) underwent surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH). Histologically, the 31 lesions in the 31 patients were very similar to those observed in gastric adenoma (World Health Organization) with severe atypism. Their malignancy could be diagnosed only on the basis of cellular atypism, i.e., uneven distribution of chromatin in the nucleus accompanied by irregularity in the size or shape of the spindle-form nucleus, abnormal nuclear polarity and/or obvious nucleoli. Histologically, the border between the tub 0 and adenomatous areas ('front line' of carcinoma) could not be identified within the neoplastic lesion, which showed relatively regularly shaped tubuli (less structural atypism). Of the 31 cases, 30 were solitary early gastric cancer (EGC). Their clinicopathological features were compared with those of 34 cases of gastric adenoma, 237 cases of solitary well differentiated (tub 1) and 127 cases of moderately differentiated (tub 2) tubular adenocarcinoma which had been resected at the NCCH during the same period. Most (75%) of the 30 tub 0 EGCs were type IIc (depressed) macroscopically, despite their histological similarity to gastric adenoma which showed a high (90%) elevated appearance incidence. The incidence of small lesions, < 2 cm in diameter, was highest in gastric adenoma (82%), followed by tub 0 (64%), although the tub 0 lesions showed a wide range of sizes. Small lesions were less frequent in the tub 1 (43%) and tub 2 (33%) cases. The incidence of submucosal invasion was significantly lower in tub 0 cases (17%) than in tub 1 (39%) and tub 2 (46%) cases (P < 0.05). No lymph node metastasis was seen in tub 0 cases, but was seen in 6.4% and 9.4% of tub 1 and tub 2 cases, respectively. With regard to the endoscopic appearance of depressed mucosal cancer, the incidence of encroachment (moth-eaten appearance) on the tips of folds was significantly lower (10%) and the appearance of marginal elevation was significantly higher (79%) in tub 0 than in tub 1 (each P < 0.05) or tub 2 (each P < 0.01). The results suggest that 'tub 0' can be regarded as a less malignant but not benign tumor, and that its endoscopic characteristics provide valuable information which can be used to ensure that patients receive suitable treatment.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Relationships between serum lipid peroxide level (serum TBA level) and smoking, alcohol drinking, food frequency, serum vitamin C and E in subjects with multiphasic screening].
Relationships between serum thiobarbituric acid (TBA) level and smoking, alcohol drinking, differences in food intake with alcohol drinking, serum vitamin C (VC) and E (VE) were studied in 283 non-treated men (aged 20-69 years) who visited a human dock conducted in an urban area of Hyogo prefecture in 1989-1991 (annually May-July). The results were as follows: 1. An effect of smoking on serum TBA level was not observed. 2. The subjects were divided into three groups according to weekly sake intake levels, i.e., non-drinkers including ex-drinkers (ND), mild drinkers (MD, weekly sake intake: < or = 1260 ml), and heavy drinkers (HD, > 1260 ml). The serum TBA level of HD, but not of MD, was significantly higher than that of ND. 3. Serum TBA level had significant positive correlations with age, GPT, gamma-GTP, TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglycerides), PL (phospholipids), total serum lipids (TLP, i.e., TC+TG+PL), VE, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), but had no significant correlations with VC and VE/TLP. 4. The subjects (N+M) D, which included ND and MD, and those of HD were divided respectively into three groups according to weekly food intake levels, i.e., non-intake group (NF), low frequent intake group (LF, 1-3 days/week), and high frequent intake group (HF, > or = 4 days/week). The fish intake level of HD was significantly higher than that of (N+M) D, while the intake levels of vegetables, fruits and soft drinks of HD were significantly lower than those of (N+M) D. 5. Serum TBA level, GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, TG, PL, TLP, VE, EPA and DHA of HD were significantly higher than those of (N+M) D. On the other hand, VC of HD was significantly lower than that of (N+M) D. 6. When the subjects of (N+M) D were divided into three groups according to weekly fish intake levels as mentioned above, serum TBA level, EPA and DHA of HF in (N+M) D were significantly higher than those of NF in (N+M) D. 7. Serum TBA level of HD in non-fish intake group was significantly higher than that of (N+M) D in the same group. These results suggest that increased serum TBA level in HD is closely related to the increased intake frequency of fish in addition to the effect of alcohol drinking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Relationship between refractive elements and morphometry of corneal endothelial cells in normal eyes of young Japanese].
We analyzed corneal endothelial cells in 1,026 eyes from 12 to 29-year-old patients who had no eye disease except refractive error. Morphometric parameters were examined for their distribution and correlation with refractive elements. The distribution of cell density and hexagonal cells in percentage was normal. The logarithmic value of mean cell area and coefficient of variation (CV) also had normal distribution. There was also significant correlation between aging and morphometric parameters, i.e., positive correlation between the mean cell area and the CV, and negative correlation between the cell density and the hexagonality. There was significant correlation between corneal refraction and morphometric parameters, i.e., negative correlation with mean cell area, and positive correlation with cell density. There was also significant negative correlation between the corneal astigmatism and the hexagonality. Consequently, we suggest that the distribution of each morphometric parameter and the difference in age and refractive elements should be considered when discussing morphometry of the corneal endothelial cells.
Adolescent↗