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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshii

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshii.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Stress and murine NK cell function: the role of blood loss.

It has been previously reported that NK cell function decreases following surgery in mice. To explore the basis of this observation, we compared the relative influence of anesthesia, surgical amputation and bleeding on NK cell cytotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. After hind limb amputation, including with blood loss, there was a statistically significant decrease in NK cell cytotoxicity and the appearance of splenomegaly on the 4th day postoperative day. The increase in spleen size appeared to be due to either the surgical stress-induced expansion of splenic erythroblasts or erythroblast generation following blood loss. In contrast, if blood loss was minimal there was no suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity following hind limb amputation. Moreover, there was a statistically significant correlation of NK cell activity and the quantitation of total blood loss. Interestingly, the decrement in NK cell activity was not observed if blood transfusion was made, even in the presence of surgical amputation. These observations are important for defining the immune suppression reported following surgery and suggest that in human, chronic blood loss may also be associated with immune suppression.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

Restorative effect of neurotropin on maturation of bone marrow cells to IL-2-producing T-cells in aging BALB/c mice.

In a previous paper, we have demonstrated that Neurotropin, a non-protein extract isolated from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus, restores decreasing immune responses through the recovery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in aging BALB/c mice. To clarify the mechanism by which Neurotropin restores IL-2 production, its effect on the recruitment of IL-2-producing T-cells from bone marrow cells was examined using syngenic radiation bone marrow chimeras. Two fundamental lesions in recruiting IL-2-producing T-cells in aging BALB/c mice were demonstrated: (1) a drastic decline of the maturation of bone marrow cells to IL-2-producing T-cells as demonstrated by old----young chimeras; and (2) an environment unable to support bone marrow cell differentiation to IL-2-producing T-cells by young----old chimeras. Neurotropin clearly restored the maturation of bone marrow cells to IL-2-producing T-cells when administered from 13 to 16 month-old mice, whereas the non-complementing environment was not normalized with Neurotropin administration. These results suggest that Neurotropin administration restores IL-2 production through the recovery of the maturation of bone marrow cells to IL-2-producing T-cells, resulting in restoration of in vivo T-cell immune response in aging BALB/c mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Measurement of HbA1c as a method to diagnose diabetes mellitus in nursing home residents].

Measurement of HbA1c is widely used to control diabetes mellitus (DM) and is one of the methods to diagnose DM. We adopted the measurement of HBA1c in the annual medical examination of residents at a nursing home for the elderly in order to obtain the normal serum level of HbA1c in the elderly and analyze the influence of aging on HbA1c. HbA1c and the body mass index (BMI) were measured in 968 elderly. HbA1c was distributed from 3.7 to 12.5%. Mean and SD, were 5.03 +/- 0.61% and there was no difference of the serum level of HbA1c between males and females. HbA1c was below 6.0% in 95% of all subjects. There was no correlation between age and HbA1c. To determine data trends, we divided the elderly into 4 age groups of 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years, 80 to 89 years and 90 or more. With advancing age, HbA1c gradually increased but there was no significant difference of HbA1c among the 3 groups which were younger than the group aged 90 or more. HbA1c was 5.51 +/- 1.06% in the group aged more than 90 years and there was a significant difference in the value of HbA1c between the group aged 90 or more and other groups. Inversely, BMI gradually decreased with age and there was also a significant difference of BMI between the group aged 90 or more and the other groups. These results suggest that there is a difference of metabolic condition between the group aged 90 or more and the other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Dentist's understanding on dental anesthesiology--on the basis of a questionnaire on post-graduation study].

We set out a questionnaire for 400 participants of the seminar, to investigate the thoughts of dental practitioners and dentists on duty with regard to the post-graduation study and training in particular, to dental anesthesiology. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Almost all of the dental practitioners felt necessary to receive the post-graduation study and training to brush up their techniques. 2. The dental practitioners felt defective in actual techniques prepared by post-graduation trainings now under way, and they desired a particular training in an actual technique specific to an emergency therapy. 3. Seminars for re-education they desired to attend were those related to anesthesia in majority, followed by prosthetics, maintenance and periodontosis, orthodontics, and surgery, implantodontics, and pedodontics. 4. Major curriculums of anesthesiology they desired to receive were systemic management, resuscitation, how to apply the first-aid medicine, and treatment for shock states. The number of those participants who desired to receive these curriculums was help or above of all members, followed by those in dental psychosomatic disease, treatment for senile patients and acupuncture anesthesia. 5. It was unexpected that those who had been aware of the concept of authorized dental anesthesiologist were confined to 54% of the participants. This led us to consider that clinical dentist should be re-educated regarding the system for authorized anesthesiologist. 6. Major participants answered nothing with regard to the advocated curriculums we questioned, so that it was postulated that none felt unsatisfactory of the advocated curriculums at present.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1990

[Judgement on students' exercise for resuscitation using a manikin for CPCR exercise (1st report)].

We performed the training for resuscitation using dental students and used a manikin for CPCR Exercise before and after the training to investigate the result obtained. The results were as follows. 1. Although cases in which too much or too little ventilation in amount was judged showed no significant changes before and after the training, those judged too much in ventilation amounted to approx. 1/5 and those judged too little were approx. 1/2 of the total subjects. This suggests that it is preferable to instruct the students to maintain sufficient ventilation when allowing them to exercise artificial breathing of CPCR. But the instruction is somewhat difficult to take because inhibition of gastric distention should be taken into account. 2. Although no changes were shown before and after the training by cases judged too deep in the depth of thoracic oppression, the number of those cases amounted to approx. 4/5 of the total subjects. Cases judged too shallow in depth of thoracic oppression, on the other hand, were significantly decreased from approx. 4/5 before training to approx. 2/3 after training, suggesting that improvement of the shallow oppression initially made is easy rather than to improve the oppression unduly deepened. Accordingly, it appears effective for students to avoid undue oppression when they are trained. 3. Thoracic oppression at a correct position was increased significantly to approx. 1/5 of the total cases, although most of the subjects were in error to choose a correct position for thoracic oppression before training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1990

Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Between July 1973 and September 1988, 119 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent hepatic resection at Keio University Hospital, Tokyo. Hepatic resection was performed not only for patients with liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice but also for patients with advanced disease. Eighty (67.2%) of the 119 patients had liver cirrhosis and four patients had obstructive jaundice. Two or more segments of the liver were resected in 56 (47.0%) patients, 29 of whom had liver cirrhosis. Eleven patients died within 30 days after surgery, an operative mortality rate of 9.2%. Seven additional patients could not be discharged from the hospital, resulting in a hospital death rate of 5.9%. Seventeen of these 18 patients had cirrhosis. Selection of patients with sufficient reserve function of the remaining liver portion, caused a great reduction of the incidence of postoperative death. The 5-year actuarial survival rate for the 101 patients who were discharged from the hospital was 39%, and 13 patients lived longer than 5 years, the longest survival period being 13 years 10 months. Hepatocellular carcinoma is amenable to hepatic resection if patients with sufficient reserve function of the liver are selected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunopharmacological actions of an extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with Vaccinia virus (Neurotropin)--II. Restorative effect on immune responses through the recovery of IL-2 production in aging mice.

To examine the immunopharmacological actions of an extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with Vaccinia virus (Neurotropin), its effect on the immune responses in aging BALB/c mice was examined. Neurotropin clearly restored the decreasing T-cell-dependent immune responses such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and plaque-forming cells (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) when administered i.p. from 13 months old (mo) to 16 mo. However, Neurotropin administration from 2 to 5 mo had no effect on the immune responses of young animals. Neurotropin administration from 13 to 16 mo restored not only the T-cell proliferation of spleen cells induced by concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), but also the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by spleen cells activated with Con A. However, Neurotropin did not affect the responsiveness of Con A-activated spleen cells to exogenous recombinant IL-2. An absence of suppressor cells capable of inhibiting the IL-2 production in the spleens was confirmed in the 16 mo mice. Neurotropin administration also restored IL-1 production by peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results suggest that long-term administration of Neurotropin restores the decreasing T-cell-dependent immune responses through the recovery of IL-2 and in part IL-1 production, but not the responsiveness to IL-2 in aging BALB/c mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[Vasoconstrictor contained in local anesthetic--its effect on body temperature and circulatory kinetics].

Changes in body temperature and blood circulation wave been monitored to investigate the effect of some vasoconstrictor contained in a local anesthetic on living body. The results obtained are described below. Subjects selected were six healthy male students (23-29 years in age). Drugs used for the experiment were 3% tolycaine for local anesthetic added with 72 micrograms, 108 micrograms or 144 micrograms of epinephrine in epinephrine group; with 90 micrograms, 135 micrograms or 180 micrograms of norepinephrine in norepinephrine group, and with each 36 micrograms, 54 micrograms, 72 micrograms of epinephrine and 36 micrograms, 54 micrograms or 72 micrograms of norepinephrine in epinephrien + norepinephrine group. 1. Change in body temperature 1) Tympanic membrane temperature There was no significant difference between pre- and post injection values in all dose groups. 2) Average skin temperature in big toe The temperature was decreased significantly at 0-25 min. in epinephrine group, in norepinephrine group and in epinephrine + norepinephrine group, compared to that prior to injection. 2. Change in circulatory kinetics 1) Epinephrine group Heart rate and RPP was increased significantly at 0-40 min. (72 micrograms) and at 0-50 min. (108 micrograms and 144 micrograms) in epinephrine group. 2) Norepinephrine group In norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 5-25 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-25 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. In norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 0-25 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-30 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. In norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 0-30 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-20 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. MAP was significantly high level in mean artereial pressure of norepinephrine group at 0-20 min. compared to that prior to injection. Heart rate was increased significantly at 5-30 min. in norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, decreased significantly at 0-30 min. in norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, and decreased significantly at 0-20 min. in norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, compared to those prior to infection. RPP showed a low level at 5-20 min. in norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, at 10-15 min. in norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, and at 10 min. in norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, both being of significance when compared to those prior to injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Immunomodulating effect of neurotropin on delayed type hypersensitivity response in mice.

Effect of Neurotropin on the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cells was examined in mice. Neurotropin suppressed the high DTH responses in ddY and BALB/c mice, while it enhanced the low DTH response in C57BL/6 mice when administered after sensitization. In addition, Neurotropin exerted a suppressive effect on the enhanced DTH response by cyclophosphamide pretreatment in C57BL/6 mice, but had a restorative effect on the suppressed DTH response in ddY mice loaded with restraint stress.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Immunopharmacological actions of an extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (neurotropin); enhancing effect on delayed type hypersensitivity response through the induction of Lyt-1+2- T cells.

To clarify the immunopharmacological action of an extract isolated from inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (Neurotropin), its effect on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice was examined. Neurotropin enhanced the DTH response in C57BL/6 mice which were low responders to SRBC, but not in either BALB/c or C3H/He mice (high responders) when administered i.p. for 4 consecutive days prior to sensitization. However, Neurotropin did not affect the formation of plaque-forming cells to SRBC in C57BL/6 mice under the condition where it enhanced the DTH response. We further examined the mechanism by which Neurotropin enhanced the DTH response in C57BL/6 mice by means of cell transfer experiments. Spleen cells from mice administered Neurotropin i.p. for 4 days, but not saline, could enhance the DTH response when transferred i.v. into normal syngeneic mice just before sensitization. However, the treatment of the spleen cells with anti-Thy-1.2 + complement (C) or with anti-Lyt-1.2 + C, but not with anti-Lyt-2.2 + C, abrogated its enhancing effect. The depletion of macrophages from the cells had no effect. On the other hand, the spleen cells from mice administered Neurotropin had no enhancing effect in the effector phase of DTH response, and they showed a helper T cell activity in a DTH helper T cell assay system in which cyclophosphamide-treated mice were used as recipients. These results suggest that Neurotropin enhances the DTH response in low responder mice through the induction of Lyt-1+2- DTH helper T cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1987

Clinical analysis of multiple organ failure in burned patients.

Severely burned patients often show various degrees of organ failures, and when several vital organs are involved mortality becomes extremely high. A study was undertaken to elucidate the aetiology and clinical significance of multiple organ failure (MOF) in burned patients. One hundred and fifty-eight burned patients were analysed for organ failures in five vital organs or systems, the heart, lung, liver, kidney and blood clotting system. There were 91 organ failures observed in 34 patients, of which 26 had MOF. The most frequently affected organ was the lung, followed by the heart, kidney, liver and the blood clotting system. The mortality rate was 76.9 per cent in MOF and 1.5 per cent in non-MOF patients. Septicaemia was closely associated with the development of MOF. Also, inhalation injury and 'shock' were contributing factors to the morbidity. Five extensively burned patients had an early development of MOF without infectious foci and this type of early MOF was attributed to endotoxaemia possibly originating from the patient's own intestinal flora.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Immunological action of neurotropin (5). Effect of neurotropin on immunosuppression caused by stress].

Neurotropin is an extract isolated from the inflamed skins of rabbits inoculated with Vaccinia virus. A study was carried out to examine the effect of Neurotropin on the immunosuppressions caused by stress. Mice were restrained for 16 hr per day for 2 consecutive days. Under this condition, the immune responses such as PFC and DTH to SRBC, T cell-dependent antigen, were markedly suppressed. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of macrophages were also suppressed. Neurotropin was found to restore such suppressions of both T cell response and phagocytosis in stressed mice. These results suggest that the effect of Neurotropin on depressed immunity in stressed mice were not only restoration of T cell function but also phagocytic activity of macrophages. Neurotropin had no effect on intact immune responses without stress. This suggests that Neurotropin can be used as an effective immunomodulator.

Animals↗