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Biomedical subjects

H Yousif

Publications and source records attributed to H Yousif.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Kala-azar in a high transmission focus: an ethnic and geographic dimension.

In 1994-1996, we studied a group of 58 game wardens stationed in an area known to be highly endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) for evidence of infection with Leishmania donovani. Leishmania DNA was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood of cases of active kala-azar, former patients with visceral leishmaniasis, patients, and asymptomatic subjects. Using the cloned antigen rk39, antibodies were detected in 44.2% of the game wardens while leishmanin skin test result was positive in 77% of our sample. It was shown that certain tribes from northern Sudan were more likely to develop subclinical infections, while those of the Baria tribe from southern Sudan and those of the Nuba tribe from western Sudan were more likely to develop visceral leishmaniasis. Whether this is due to genetic factors or previous exposure to Leishmania parasites remains to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Kimura's disease.

Kimura's disease is a rare condition of unknown aetiology. It usually presents as a mass in the head and neck region. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy and usually treated by excision even though recurrence is common. This condition can be mistaken for a malignant tumour. In this case report Kimura's disease presented as a non-specific lymphadenitis in an Arab patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Peri-operative supraventricular arrhythmias in coronary bypass surgery.

One hundred consecutive admissions for coronary bypass surgery were studied to establish the incidence of peri-operative supraventricular arrhythmias, to monitor their evolution, and to identify their possible aetiological factors. No important arrhythmias were detected before the operation. Post-operatively, 24 patients (24%) developed supraventricular arrhythmias. Nineteen of them had atrial fibrillation or flutter (19%), 2 had supraventricular tachycardia (2%), and 3 had inappropriate sinus bradycardia (less than 45 min) (3%). Almost two-thirds of the arrhythmias occurred within the critical early post-operative period (63%). Haemodynamic compromise ushered the onset of arrhythmias in more than one-third of the patients in whom antiarrhythmic measures ensured prompt improvement (37.5%). Three-quarters of those with atrial fibrillation or flutter were back in sinus rhythm at the time of discharge from hospital (74%). The incidence of supraventricular arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with demonstrable myocardial ischaemia prior to surgery, in patients who underwent adjunctive coronary endarterectomy, or in those in whom topical cardiac cooling was applied (50%, 45%, and 58%, respectively). Supraventricular arrhythmias are frequently encountered during the critical early post-operative period when serious but reversible haemodynamic compromise might be precipitated. Although the nature of the underlying myocardial insult remains obscure, supraventricular arrhythmia may be related more to defective myocardial preservation than to any specific underlying myocardial lesion.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1989

The diagnostic significance of reciprocal ST segment depression in acute myocardial infarction.

The relationship between reciprocal ST-segment depression, the result of an early submaximal exercise ECG, and the anatomy of coronary artery disease was explored in 142 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Reciprocal ST-segment depression was observed in 65 per cent of 79 patients with inferior infarction and 57 per cent of 63 with anterior infarction. Thirty-three of the 52 patients with reciprocal ST-segment depression had a significant stenosis of the coronary artery supplying the reciprocal ST-segment territory (63 per cent), and 31 of the 46 patients with a positive exercise test had a significant stenosis of the coronary artery supplying the ischaemic territory (67 per cent). Forty-one of the patients with reciprocal ST-segment depression (79 per cent) and 35 of the patients with positive exercise tests (76 per cent) were found to have multivessel coronary artery disease. The study showed that reciprocal ST-segment depression was associated with stenosis of the coronary artery supplying the territory opposite the infarct in nearly two-thirds of the patients and with multivessel coronary artery disease in almost four-fifths of them. Reciprocal ST-segment depression after infarction was as accurate as a positive submaximal exercise test at predicting the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1987

Preoperative myocardial ischaemia: its relation to perioperative infarction.

One hundred consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly allocated to a preoperative (24 h) intravenous infusion of isosorbide dinitrate (1.5-15 mg/hr) (50 patients) or to placebo (50 patients). The characteristics of the two groups were similar. Evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia was sought by continuous electrocardiographic Holter recordings and acute myocardial infarction by the appearance of new Q waves and increased activity of the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. Episodes of acute myocardial ischaemia were found in 18% of patients in the control group and in none of those who received isosorbide dinitrate. None the less, the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction was similar (22% and 18% respectively) in the two groups. Perioperative infarction was significantly more common in women, in patients with unstable angina or poor left ventricular function, in those who had coronary endarterectomy, and in those in whom the aortic clamping time was greater than 50 minutes. These factors may have obscured any effect that prevention of preoperative ischaemia had on perioperative infarction. Preoperative infusion of isosorbide dinitrate eliminated preoperative ischaemia but did not influence the occurrence of perioperative infarction. The probable benefits of prevention of preoperative ischaemia on postoperative left ventricular function, which is a determinant of long term survival, remain to be established.

Acute Disease↗