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Biomedical subjects

H Zeumer

Publications and source records attributed to H Zeumer.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Computed tomography in subdural effusions of infancy (author's transl)].

31 out of 128 infants with abnormal neurological signs show areas of decreased radiodensity of computed tomography (CT) over the cerebral hemispheres, primarily frontal. It is emphasized, that the diagnosis of subdural effusions is permitted in cases with decreased density over the frontal lobes and hardly visible cerebral sulci as well as wedge-shaped widening of the interhemispheric fissure. But in cases with decreased density over the frontal regions and prominent cerebral sulci a subdural effusion cannot be excluded. In association with signs of increased intracranial pressure these CT findings are yet indicative of subdural effusion. Are there to delimitate two spaces of different density between skull and cortex the diagnosis of subdural effusion is certain already by means of CT-morphological criteria. The therapeutic regimen is dependent upon the clinical symptoms.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

[Benign intracranial hypertension in childhood following mastoiditis (author's transl)].

Case report concerning a three years old boy with benign intracranial hypertension. The typical symptoms are results of increased intracranial pressure, associated with headache, vomiting, choked disk, occasionally dehiscence of cranial sutures and sixth nerve paresis. In computed tomography there were no tumor signs. In childhood a possible cause in thrombosis of the lateral sinus following an occult mastoiditis after antibiotic therapy. Mastoidectomy, intensive antibiotic therapy as well as serial lumbar punctures led to complete recovery in most cases.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1981

[Lacunar infarcts in computerized tomography. Angiographic findings and differential diagnostic viewpoints].

Eighty-four patients with ischaemic cerebral lesions are described, in whom no lesion of the cortex could be demonstrated by CT. Lacunar lesions of the basal ganglia up to 2 cm. usually fail to show any angiographic findings. The clinical prognosis in these cases is favourable. Lesions larger than 2 cm. are usually due to haemodynamically significant stenoses. Prognosis depends not only on the size of the lesion, but also on its localisation, particularly its relationship to the motor radiation. The indications for angiography and therapy depend in part on a proper evaluation of the differential diagnosis of the lesions.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

[Computer tomography in herpes simplex encephalitis. Stages in the development of CT changes (author's transl)].

The CT findings in six patients with confirmed herpes simplex encephalitis were analysed and compared with the literature. Thirty-four examinations were performed, 27 within the first 14 days of the illness. The early findings show three characteristic features: The CT may be entirely normal up to the fourth day. Consistent with clinical and E.E.G. findings there then develops a hypodense temporal lesion which, even at this stage, acts as an expanding lesion in half the patients. Between the sixth and eighth day there is frequently involvement of the contra-lateral temporal lobe, not as a continuation, but as a new lesion. At the same time, or after several days, there is involvement of the basal portions of the frontal lobes. In this later phase there may be necrosis in the basal ganglia, thalamus or other parts of the brain. The CT findings in this late phase are uniform and characteristic of the disease. For early diagnosis and treatment the early clinical, electrophysiological and neuro-radiological findings are important. A normal CT scan two days after the onset of clinical symptoms may be regarded as significant.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomographic findings in congenital hemiparesis in childhood and their relation to etiology and prognosis.

40, 1-14-year-old children suffering from congenital hemiparesis were re-examined neurologically and admitted to CT. According to our morphological results we found three different types of CT patterns: 1. unilateral enlargement of the lateral ventricle or parts of it (20 patients), 2. cavity in the cortex and subcortical white matter within the supply area of the middle cerebral artery (17 patients), 3. normal CT scans (3 patients). Patients with a cortical and subcortical cavity consistently had a moderate to severe hemiparesis and suffered more often from epilepsy and intellectual impairment than patients with unilateral ventricular enlargement and those with normal CT findings. Most patients with cortical defects had a history of perinatal complications, while abnormal pregnancies and prematurity prevailed in patients with unilateral ventricular enlargement. We believe that a cavity in the cortex and subcortical white matter is of arterial-ischemic origin, whereas unilateral ventricular enlargement with destruction of the deep white matter is related to venous hemorrhage. But it must be emphasized that CT cannot detect the causes, mechanisms and timing of the underlying brain lesions in congenital hemiparesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A refined method to relate morphological and functional aspects of aphasia.

A method is described to relate brain morphology and neuropsychological disturbances such as aphasia. By mapping lesions with computerized tomography onto a grid model of five brain slices, it is possible to compare aphasiological information and lesion site by data processing, allowing the quantitative and qualitative manipulation of a large number of data. The soundness of the method is investigated in a pilot study on the localization of aphasic disturbances. Data processing was performed on a preliminary group of 70 patients with different aphasic syndromes (Broca, Wernicke, and global aphasics with and without recurring utterances). The results confirmed the findings of older studies, with the typical locus of Wernicke's aphasia being Wernicke's area. In conformity to more recent studies, the main lesion for Broca aphasics was found to be in the insular cortex, with a relatively important participation of the frontal white matter. The implications of this refined method for more vigorous aphasiological and neuropsychological research are briefly indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cerebellar ataxia. Clinical and CT findings in two cases of rare etiology.

Two low density lesions of the cerebellum which did not occupy space are reported. The neuropathological diagnosis of one case was subacute leucencephalitis. In the other case, the diagnosis of a Pelizaeus-Merzbacher's disease is discussed, taking into consideration the clinical observation, development and the CT findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Early prognosis of cerebral haemorrhage in premature infants with birth weights less than 1500 g. A clinical and computed tomographic study (author's transl)].

22 premature infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g were studied by computed tomography. All of them needed intensive care therapy and had symptoms, which may have been caused by cerebral haemorrhage. In 15 cases (= 68%) we found subependymal and intraventricular bleeding. Clinical data showed that ventilated premature infants with subependymal and intraventricular haemorrhage needed respiratory support in the first hours p.p. because of hyaline membrane and aspiration syndroms. Premature infants without cerebral haemorrhage were ventilated much later (mean 96 h. p.p.). All patients with intraventricular haemorrhage and ventricular enlargement with and without parenchymal haemorrhage (grade III and IV) died. Prematures with subependymal haemorrhage (grad I) and intraventricular haemorrhage without ventricular dilation (grade II) may survive, depending on eventually present pulmonary complications. The introduction of computed tomography in the examination of the CNS on prematures can therefore help to give an early prognosis.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

[Cranial computerized tomography of neonatal encephalopathies. Initial and follow-up studies (author's transl)].

60 premature and newborn infants with clinical evidence of hypoxia or traumatic encephalopathy were examined by cranial computerized tomography (CCT) during the first fortnight of life and their findings compared with those of a "control group", consisting of 7 infants with malformations. 48 patients showed pathologic findings in the initial CCT. With regard to type, topography and extension, two groups with two subgroups could be outlined: 1. lesions with low density due to hypoxic-necrotizing alterations. a) Bilateral in the white matter around the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricles in both, premature and fullterm newborn infants. b) Corresponding to vascular distribution, focal or global, involving both gray and white matter in both, premature and newborn infants. 2. lesions with high density due to hemorrhages. a) Subependymal and intraventricular, mainly in asphyxiated premature infants. b) Subdural and intracerebral, probably of traumatic origin, involving premature and fullterm newborn infants. The morphological findings in the initial CCT were compared with the outcome in each case. Thus, it was possible to distinguish certain morphological patterns significantly associated with prognosis. 14 patients (23.3%) died in the newborn period. The surviving 46 children (76.7%) were at least once re-examined by CCT and followed up during 6-24 months. 16 patients (26.7%) had a normal development. 12 (20%) showed developmental retardation. 18 (30%) suffered from neurological sequela. Frequently the early follow-up CCT showed characteristic patterns. We believe, that the great number of pathologic findings with essential information warrant the application of CCT in premature and fullterm newborn infants with persistent neurological signs. Perhaps our CCT observations will lead to the consequence of a more controlled high care regimen.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Predominant white matter involvement in subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger disease).

Fifteen of 605 examinations of patients aged 60 to 85 years showed symmetrical white matter hypodensity on computed tomography (CT). Six of these showed severe white matter hypodensity, low grade atrophy, and dilated ventricles. A diagnosis of encephalopathia subcorticalis chronica progressiva, or Binswanger disease, featuring the typical clinical course of neurological and psychiatric symptoms was reached. In one case, the diagnosis was confirmed by postmortem anatomopathological findings. The etiology is considered to be vascular and to represent a special course of arteriosclerosis. In some elderly patients, both white and gray matter involvement is seen on CT, but white matter hypodensity is not a common finding in severe vascular brain atrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Herpes-simplex-encephalitis: a computertomographic and electroencephalographic study (author's transl)].

The development of one case of proved necrotising Herpes-simplex encephalitis (Herpes-virus hominis Typ I) will be demonstrated with the help of daily encephalographic and 5 computertomographic studies. After the appearance of periodic complexes in the EEG there could be noticed with a difference of 24 hours a beginning and further on a progressive blurred hypodensity in the CT. The maximum of the periodic activity in the EEG exactly correlated to the beginning and later expansion of the anatomo-pathological changes. No expansion of the periodic activity could be registered in other areas of the brain. Yet there was spontaneous periodic activity in different brain areas, where new regions of hypodensity would be found in the CT. The additional appearance of new periodic complexes with different localisation and the demonstration of new hypodensities in the CT during the therapy of a Herpes-simplex-encephalitis must be valued as a bad prognosis of the illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Computertomographical details of neurological syndromes in the newborn period (author's transl)].

57 premature and full-term newborn infants suffering from a perinatal asphyxia were neurologically and computertomographically examined during their first two weeks of life. No pathognomonical morphological patterns were found comparing the neurological syndromes with the computertomographic results. However, characteristical morphologic findings were obtained related to gestational age and typical neurological syndromes of the newborn period. The cranial computerized tomography permits in many cases a localized topical diagnosis and early prognosis. These morphological findings can have therapeutical consequences.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1979

[Computerized tomography in neurodegenerative diseases in childhood (author's transl)].

The early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in childhood is of great interest for genetic counseling. The development of cranial computerized tomography (CCT) has led to an improvement in the recognition of progressive neurological disorders. On one hand CCT is of importance in distinguishing the neurodegenerative diseases from perinatally acquired cerebral lesions. On the other hand CCT permits the differentiation from degenerations of cerebral gray and white matter. In this connection repeated controls with CCT are of great significance. 4 characteristic case studies are described.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1979

[The significance of cranial computerized tomography for diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory diseases of the brain and meninges in children (author's transl)].

The significance of cranial computerized tomography (CCT) for the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system in children is discussed in connection with five characteristic case studies. CCT is shown to be superior to classical neuroradiological approaches, and to allow important diagnostic insights: 1. the early recognition of diffuse brain edema and the resulting possibility of an early begin of therapy--2. the pathological expansions of the cerebral ventricles of various etiology before a pathological enlargement of the head can be detected, and the size of the ventricles after neurosurgical therapy can be measured--3. the early recognition of space-occupying inflammatory complications.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1978

[Technical realization of a systematized radiation therapy, founded on the TNM system, of tumors in the regions of the head and neck (author's transl)].

Modern radiation therapy of tumors within the regions of the head and neck regards not only the concept of the target volume but also the probability of affection to the lymphatic chains. Frequency of spread to lymph nodes depends on the size of the primary tumor, and thus the extent of radiotherapeutic practical measures can be conformed to the TNM system. A radiation therapy planned in view of the TNM classification may be termed, therefore, as a systematized radiation therapy. From the standpoint of these considerations irradiation techniques using a telecobalt therapy unit and a betatron have been examined considering the application to individual toumor sites and tumor volumes in the regions of the head and neck. The techniques being most appropriate for tumors of the head and neck, with regard to the various sites or volumes, and taking into account the target volume as well as the lymphatic chains concerned are here presented.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1977

[Results of angiographic investigations in basilar artery insufficiency (author's transl)].

Angiographies were performed in 75 selected patients with basilar artery insufficiency. In only one case was there an indication for vascular surgery to the vertebral artery, and in two cases for an uncoforaminectomy, whereas in 13 cases prophylactic desobliteration of the internal carotid artery was performed. Thus vascular surgical consequences of angiography of the supraaortic vessels in basilar insufficiency are minimal. However, personal observations and reports in the literature indicate that the indications for surgery to the vertebral artery or the cervical spine will increase if functional investigations can be performed in various positions of the cervical spine by means of selective catheter angiography.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed1977

[Main signs of neurologic disease during pregnancy (author's transl)].

The most important neurologic diseases which may start during pregnancy are described. On the basis of clinical, easily discovered, signs the essential differential diagnosis and specific diagnostic techniques (electromyography, electroneurography, angiography, computotumography) and their indications are outlined. In some detail prognosis and indications for common diseases (epilepsy, M.S.) are discussed. Treatment of those diseases is especially considered in which emergency drug therapy may be needed.

Brain Neoplasms↗