Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Zhou.
A comparative identification of hairs on surfaces of fruits and seeds of some Chinese medicines has been made, and a key to 13 kinds of hairs has been compiled. According to the characters of hairs, it is possible to identify some Chinese drugs in powder form.
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Clonal cell lines presumably "arrested" at a particular stage of differentiation are useful models to study the processes of differentiation in osteoblasts. UMR-201 is a presumptive preosteoblastic nontransformed rat clonal cell line with a limited life span in culture. Two immortalized cell lines, UMR-201-10A (10A) and UMR-201-10B (10B), were derived from UMR-201 by stable transfection with simian virus (SV) 40 large T antigen. This study compares the growth and profile of gene expression of the immortalized cell lines with those of UMR-201 and UMR-106-06, a rat clonal cell line with well-defined osteoblast-like phenotypic characteristics. All four cell lines constitutively expressed the mRNA for the gamma, alpha, and beta receptors for retinoic acid (RA), the growth hormone receptor, pro-alpha 1(I) collagen, osteonectin, bone proteoglycan I, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) 1 and 2A. Alkaline phosphatase mRNA was absent in the preosteoblast cell lines but was induced by treatment with 10(-6) M RA, which also increased the steady-state levels of mRNA for osteopontin and BMP1. mRNA for matrix gla protein was constitutively present and further induced by RA in UMR-201 and 10B only. Messenger RNA for bone sialoprotein and bone morphogenetic protein 3 were constitutively expressed in UMR-106-06 and UMR-201 but absent in the immortalized cell lines. None of the cell lines expressed measurable mRNA for bone gla protein or bone proteoglycan II. 10B grew more rapidly than UMR-201, but unlike UMR-201, it was also able to proliferate in serum-free medium and exhibit anchorage-independent growth. In summary, this study identifies novel retinoic acid effects on gene expression in these cells. Differences noted in the expression of mRNAs between UMR-106-06 and the other cell lines may provide some insight into the sequence of expression of these phenotypic characteristics as osteoblasts differentiate.
A 73-year-old man with chronic renal failure of undetermined aetiology had received haemodialysis for 12 years when he died of acute purulent peritonitis due to caecal perforation. Amyloid deposits detected in a cystic bone lesion in the left hip had caused a pathological fracture 17 days before death. At autopsy, extensive amyloid deposits were found in the osteoarticular system, in the cartilaginous surface and the capsular tissue of joints, ligaments, vertebral discs and bone. In addition, vascular amyloid deposits were diagnosed in the heart, kidneys, testes, lungs, skin and in the gastrointestinal tract. A special feature of this case were interstitial amyloid deposits forming a fine-meshed structure in the myocardium and plate-like deposits in the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemically, all these deposits reacted strongly with antibody to human beta 2-microglobulin but showed no reaction with antibodies to AA, A-lambda, A-kappa and AF. The present case demonstrates that extra-osteoarticular manifestations of AB-amyloidosis can cause serious complications.
Amino acid substitutions were placed at residues 74, 243, and 246 in capsid protein VP2 of poliovirus serotype 1, using site-specific mutagenesis methods. The proximity of these residues to those previously identified in neutralization site 3B suggests that these residues may also contribute to neutralization site 3B and potentially be under antibody selective pressure to mutate. However, sequence analyses of independent serotype 1 isolates indicate high sequence conservation at these residues, suggesting selective pressures are present within the virus to maintain sequences within these loop regions. All viable mutants display partial or complete resistance to neutralization by the site 3B neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Cross-neutralization data with the site-specifically generated viral mutants confirm that these residues do indeed contribute to forming neutralization site 3B and also identify the participation of a new loop region within site 3B. However, many amino acid substitutions generate nonviable virus mutants and even conservative amino acid substitutions produce growth-compromised virus mutants. These data suggest that previous definition of neutralization antigenic sites by isolation of neutralization resistant mutants favors detection of viable mutant viruses with more normal growth characteristics and is inherently biased against detection of neutralization antigenic sites formed by residues critical for other stages of virus replication.
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The downy mildew of Corydalis yanhusuo caused by Peronospora corydalis usually brings about devastating harm in Anhui Province. In the past, it was generally held that the spores in diseased remains buried in soil were the main source of preliminary infection. But, according to our test, it is the mycelia in tubers that are mainly the preliminary infections source.
To avoid motility disturbances after Billroth gastrectomy, the authors designed pylorus and antroseromuscular flap-preserving subtotal gastrectomy (PAFPG). Results showed that gastric motility and emptying time of dogs after PAFPG were close to normal. PAFPG was applied to 125 consecutive patients with gastroduodenal ulcers (gastric ulcer, 15 patients; duodenal ulcer, 94 patients; and combined ulcers, 16 patients) confirmed by barium examination and fibro-gastroendoscopy. All patients recovered smoothly, none of them had postoperative complication. Gastric acid output reduction rates were as follows: basal acid output, 85.05% +/- 8.13%; maximal acid output, 81.76% +/- 10.85%; peak acid output, 81.42% +/- 10.15%. The incidence of postoperative enterogastric reflux (endoscopically) and the concentration of cholic acids in gastric juice were significantly lower in patients after PAFPG than after Billroth I or II gastrectomy. Results suggest that PAFPG reduced gastric acid outputs definitely and overcame adverse motility consequences after Billroth I or II gastrectomy desirably.
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Syrian hamster DDT-1 cells are derived from smooth muscle of the ductus deferens. DDT-1 cell growth is increased by the addition of testosterone (T). Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also known as heparin binding growth factor I and II (HBGF-I and HBGF-II) can replace T in the stimulation of growth in these cells. This phenomenon is correlated with testosterone's ability to elevate aFGF/HBGF-I mRNA. The increase steady-state levels of aFGF/HBGF-I mRNA were documented by northern blots and by in situ hybridization. Using a 520 bp human aFGF/HBGF-I cDNA probe, a genomic clone with a 38 kb DNA insert was isolated from a cosmid library. By restriction enzyme analysis and southern hybridization, it was determined that there are three coding exons. DNA sequence analysis showed all of the coding region and 3' noncoding sequences were on this clone. A 5' noncoding exon not in the 38 kb insert is indicated, based on the cDNA sequences and genomic sequences of aFGF/HBGF-I's from hamster DDT-1 cells and several other species. The cDNA for hamster aFGF/HBGF-I was isolated from a DDT-1 lambda gt11 library and sequenced. Comparison of the coding region of aFGF/HBGF-I from four species shows a greater than 90% conservation of amino acid sequence.
The src genes of four natural isolates of avian sarcoma viruses differ from cellular proto-src in two genetic substitutions: the promoter of the cellular gene is replaced by a retroviral counterpart, and at least six codons from the 3' terminus are replaced by retroviral or heterologous cell-derived elements. Since virus constructs with a complete proto-src coding region failed to transform avian cells but acquired transforming function by point mutations of various codons, it has been proposed that point mutation is sufficient to convert proto-src to a transforming gene. However, promoter substitution is sufficient to convert two other proto-onc genes, proto-ras and proto-myc, to retroviral transforming genes. In view of this, we have reexamined whether promoter substitution, point mutation, or both are necessary to convert proto-src into a retroviral transforming gene. It was found that a recombinant virus (RpSV), in which the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was replaced by the complete coding region of proto-src, transformed quail and chicken embryo cells. The oncogene of RpSV differs from the src gene of RSV in three genetic properties: (i) it is weaker--e.g., transformed cells are flatter; (ii) it is slower--e.g., focus formation takes 9 to 12 days compared to 4 days for RSV; and (iii) its host range is narrower than that of RSV--e.g., only subsets of heterogeneous embryo cells are transformed by RpSV even after weeks or months. Replacement of the proto-src 3' terminus of RpSV by that of src from RSV generates a recombinant virus (RpvSV) that equals RSV in transforming function. It is concluded that a retroviral promoter, naturally substituted via illegitimate recombination with retroviruses, is sufficient to convert at least three proto-onc genes, src, myc, and ras, to retroviral transforming genes.
The immunoglobulin supergene family members have been shown to be involved in cell-cell recognition and interaction during cell growth and differentiation. Neural cell adhesion molecule, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are immunoglobulin supergene family members which can mediate cell adhesion. We show here that nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), a closely related CEA family member, is found on the surface of rodent cells transfected with functional NCA complementary DNA in different glycosylated forms, all of which can be deglycosylated to an Mr 35,000 core protein. Furthermore, NCA can mediate Ca2(+)-independent, homotypic aggregation of these NCA-producing transfectant cells. Since CEA has three internal repeated C2-set, immunoglobulin-like domains, whereas NCA has one, only one such domain is required for the intercellular adhesive function. We also demonstrate that NCA- and CEA-producing transfectants can form heterotypic aggregates, whereas mixtures of CEA or NCA transfectants and neural cell adhesion molecule or long form-myelin-associated glycoprotein transfectants sort themselves out into homotypic aggregates. The results suggest that subsets of the immunoglobulin superfamily, such as the CEA family, can be used in both homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions, whereas less closely related members of the family can be used to separate different cell types by strictly homotypic interactions.
In order to clarify the relationship between HBV infection and glomerulonephritis (GN) and to explore the significance and mechanism of HBV deposition in the kidney, renal biopsies from 60 patients with various forms of GN and HBV antigenemia (Agb) were compared with those from 59 age, sex and renal histology matched controls. The biopsies were studied with 4 layer PAP immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques using monoclonal antibodies to HBV surface (HBsAg), core (HBcAg) and e (HBeAg) antigens. All the 3 HBV antigens were detected in the kidneys of greater than 67% of the patients with membranous nephropathy and in greater than 64% of the cases with lupus nephritis regardless of the presence of HBV Agb or not. In certain patterns of primary GN, including mesangioproliferative GN, IgA nephropathy and membrano-proliferative GN. HBsAg in the kidney was more common in patients with HBs Agb than those without (47.7% vs 20.5%, P less than 0.05). No difference in HBcAg or HBeAg deposition was observed in patients with or without HBV Agb Granular deposition of HBV antigens was shown in the same pattern as that of Ig(s) and complement deposition. Renal HBV deposition correlated closely with the extent of other deposits. We concluded that the deposition of HBV antigens in kidney is often non-specific, although HBsAg is more commonly seen in some HBsAg carriers with primary GN Massive immune complex deposits seem to be the prerequisite of renal HBV deposition. The role of HBV in the development of GN is therefore not confirmed and further evaluation is needed for "HBV-TC nephritis".
The development of the photoreceptors of human embryos and fetuses dating from 7 weeks to term were studied. The outer segments of rods and cones began to form at the seventh month. The arrangement of the newly formed discs were not regular, but at term they were arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the long axes of the outer segments. At the 9th month, no phagosome containing discs was seen in the pigment epithelial cells, but they were discerned in those of the term fetuses.
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The alcoholic extracted tablets of rhubarb have been studied medically in this hospital for 10 years. They were divided into three groups, namely, Rheum officinale Baill, Rheum palmatum L, and Rheum tanguticum Maxim ex Balf. By using double-blind measurement of effect, the efficiencies of the groups appeared to be 90.7%, 93.7%, and 92.8% respectively. The time taken for the stool occult blood changing from positive into negative was 57.1, 53.4, and 56 hours respectively (P greater than 0.05). The medical difference is not significant. This shows that they are efficient in curing the upper digestive tract bleeding.
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