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Biomedical subjects

H von Lilienfeld-Toal

Publications and source records attributed to H von Lilienfeld-Toal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin in chronic renal failure.

Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is normal in some patients with chronic renal failure. We studied the question, whether factors known to regulate the serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration such as parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate and especially the serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25 OH D) concentration are related to circulating levels of serum 1,25(OH)2D in such patients. We found no correlation between these serum parameters and 1,25(OH)2D. Our data indicate that other factors are of more importance for the regulation of serum 1,25(OH)2D in this situation.

Calcifediol↗
PubMed1984

Serum gentamicin concentrations during intratracheal administration.

In artificially ventilated patients, intratracheal aminoglycoside administration is used as a form of prophylaxis of broncho-pulmonary infections. In artificially ventilated patients with multiple organ failure, serum gentamicin concentrations were measured dependent on renal function after endotracheal administration. A standard commercial ampule of 40 mg gentamicin in a 1 ml solution was injected in undiluted form, intratracheally through the tubus , every 6 h. In the patients without renal failure, values over 1 microgram/ml were only found in certain individual cases and reached a maximum of 1.5 micrograms/ml. In patients with renal failure even after prolonged application, the average serum concentrations were between 2 and 3.5 micrograms/ml. In a very few cases, however, levels of up to 10.5 micrograms/ml were measured. The daily serum pattern revealed a distinct dependence on the administration; 1 h after administration there was an increase in the serum concentrations which decreased to the initial levels after 6 h. When patients with renal impairment are given an aminoglycoside intratracheally, serum levels of up to 10.5 micrograms/ml may be reached and thus additional systemic aminoglycoside therapy should be avoided.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D in cow's milk, infant formulas and breast milk during different stages of lactation.

Vitamin D and its metabolites were determined in cow's milk, infant formulas, and colostrum, transitional and mature breast milk by specific protein-binding assays following HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography). Cow's milk contains (mean +/- SEM) 50.4 +/- 4.1 pg/ml vitamin D (n = 10), 499 +/- 47 pg/ml 25-OH D (n = 10) and 9.7 +/- 1.0 pg/ml 1,25 (OH)2D (n = 3). 86.6% of the added vitamin D3 was recovered from infant formulas. The mean content (mean +/- SEM) of 25-OH D and 1,25(OH)2D of infant formulas are 299 +/- 35 pg/ml and 5.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml (n = 9), respectively. Vitamin D concentration of colostrum and mature breast milk is 122 +/- 3.4 pg/ml (n = 7, mean +/- SEM) and 38 +/- 3.3 pg/ml (n = 9) respectively; the 25-OH D content increases from 294 +/- 50.6 pg/ml (n = 10) to 845 +/- 190 pg/ml (n = 14) during lactation. The increase of 1,25-(OH)2D from early to mature breast milk (3.2 +/- 0.6 pg/ml, n = 8 versus 5.3 +/- 0.7 pg/ml, n = 20) is still statistically significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Parathyroid hormone is normal in renal stone patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and high fasting urinary calcium.

In a group of patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and an increased fasting urinary calcium excretion we re-examined the question: does secondary hyperparathy-roididsm exist? Eight out of 51 patients with calcium renal stones had a high calcium excretion in both fasting and in 24 h urines. The carboxyl-terminal immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) values in these patients were 16 +/- 5 ngeq/ml (M +/- SD), no higher than the iPTH values in the other groups, e.g. normocalciuric patients had an iPTH of 23 +/- 8 ngeq/ml. The existence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in a subgroup of stone patients with increased fasting urinary calcium excretion is questionable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in early and advanced renal failure.

Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was measured in the serum of 20 patients with early renal failure (ERF) using three assays with different specificity. Half of these patients had elevated iPTH in one or more assays, up to twice the upper limit of normal. In contrast, 36 patients with a creatinine clearance below less than 20 ml/min had an 80% elevated iPTH, up to 5 times the upper limit of normal. The patients with ERF and elevated iPTH had a lower serum calcium but no higher serum phosphate than those with normal iPTH. The differences in iPTH in early and end-stage renal failure can be explained by known differences in metabolism of different PTH forms in uremia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[25-hydroxy-vitamin-D in serum of newborns and infants during continuous oral vitamin D treatment (author's transl)].

Using the Haddad modified method, 25-OH-D were measured in the blood of the umbilical cord of 29 infants and in peripheral serum after 6 weeks. 16 infants were given a daily dosage of 1000 I. E., 13 infants 500 I. E. vitamin D against rickets. Further they were fed with an adapted milk containing 400 I. E. vitamin D/1. The mean cord serum values were 13 and 15 ng/ml. After treatment with 1000 I. E., 25-OH-D values around 54 ng/ml were measured after 6 weeks and under 500 I. E. daily, values of 37 ng/ml, respectively. Treatment using a dosage of 500 I. E. vitamin D combined with feeding with vitamin D fortified milk seems adequate, to prevent vitamin D depletion.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1981

Protein binding assays for 25-hydroxy, 24,25-dihydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D1) in human plasma.

In this study we describe protein binding assays for 25-hydroxy, 24,25-dihydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D in 6 ml of plasma. The procedure involves methanol/methylene chloride extraction of plasma followed by separation and purification of mono- and dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites on two LH 20 columns with different elution solvents. The separation of dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites is carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 25-Hydroxy and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D are measured by competitive protein binding assays with diluted homogenate from vitamin D-deficient rat kidneys. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D is measured by competitive protein binding assay with diluted cytosol from vitamin D-deficient chick intestine. The concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in human plasma, as determined by this assay, was 12.2 +/- 5.9 microgram/l; of 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 1.5 +/- 1.0 microgram/l, and of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 25.8 +/- 11.7 ng/l (means +/- S.D., n = 17, October, Düsseldorf). In April, the concentration of the vitamin D metabolites of the same subjects were: 25-hydroxy vitamin D 3.3 +/- 0.9 microgram/l; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 0.17 +/- 0.04 microgram/l and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 38.3 +/- 10.2 ng/l. Mean values in nonselected human plasma samples of hospitalized patients (n = 84) taken during one year were: 25-hydroxy vitamin D 5.7 +/- 2.9 microgram/l; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 0.64 +/- 0.44 microgram/l; 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 53.3 +/- 27.6 ng/l. Mean values in pancreatectomized subjects were: 25-hydroxy vitamin D 4.2 +/- 2.6 microgram/l; 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D 0.27 +/- 0.15 microgram/l; 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D 19.6 +/- 11.9 ng/l (n = 10).

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1979

[Differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia by measurement of renal calcium excretion during parathormone administration (author's transl)].

Rapid differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy with or without bone metastases may be life saving. A parathormone infusion test (6 USP units/kg body wt X 20 min) enables a differential diagnosis within three hours by means of measurement of renal calcium excretion. In normal persons calcium excretion decreased from 147 +/- 90 to 79 +/- 54 mumol/h (x +/- s, n = 10). In primary hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcaemia the high calcium excretion remained unchanged: 716 +/- 162 mumol/h before and 804 +/- 130 mumul/h 120 minutes after the PTH infusion (n = 12). In patients with hypercalcaemia caused by bronchial carcinoma with (n = 5) and without (n = 1) bone metastases calcium excretion decreased from 552 +/- 182 to 163 +/- 114 mumol/h. As a consequence of these data this test is advisable when the indication for operation in cases with hypercalcaemia has to be reached within a few hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and urinary cyclic AMP in German patients with subtotal gastrectomy (Billroth II).

In an attempt to clarify the pathogenesis of the disturbed calcium metabolism which sometimes follows partial gastrectomy, we determined plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) concentrations and urinary cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion in patients who had previously undergone Billroth II gastrectomy and who were without clinical evidence of bone disease. In 17 Billroth II patients plasma 25-OH-D concentrations were reduced (12.6 +/- 4.6 ng/ml, mean +/- SD) compared to values in 17 control patients with diseases not affecting calcium metabolism (31.6 +/- 12.9 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). Urinary cAMP excretion, in part reflecting parathyroid function, was higher in 17 Billroth II patients (5.0 +/- 2.5 micronmol/day) than in the control patients (2.6 +/- 1.3 micronmol/day, P less than 0.001). These results suggest impaired nutrition of vitamin D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in Billroth II patients. While the cause of this phenomenon is unclear, it may contribute to the disturbance of calcium metabolism in patients who have had subtotal gastrectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serum 25 -- hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in patients with liver disease.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were determined in chronic hepatic diseases by a radioreceptor assay and correlated with serum albumin, calcium and anorganic phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 serum levels were significantly lower inall chronic hepatic diseses compared to normals. The low levels are correlated with the degree of parenchymal damage, not with the etiology of hepatic disease. In alcoholic liver disease thus 25=hydroxyvitamin D3 levels are significantly lower when cirrhosis is present than in mere fatty liver. Anorganic phosphate and calcium were close to the lower range of normal and significantly lower than in the control group studied.

Chronic Disease↗