Southwest China Han Population data for nine Y-STR loci by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
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China↗
Biomedical subjects
Haijun Zhang
Publications and source records attributed to Haijun Zhang.
Analysis of 15 STR loci in Chinese population from Sichuan in West China.
Allele frequencies for 15 STR loci found in PowerPlex 16 System kit were determined in a sample of 200 unrelated individuals living in Sichuan area in west China. The values of observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), probability of paternity exclusion (PE) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were calculated. All loci were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). The obtained frequency distributions were compared with other previously reported population data.
China↗
Full-field quantitative phase imaging by white-light interferometry with active phase stabilization and its application to biological samples.
We report a Koehler-illumination-based full-field, actively stabilized, low-coherence phase-shifting interferometer, which is built on a white-light Michelson interferometer. By using a phase-stepping technique we can obtain full-field phase images of the sample. An actively stabilized phase-lock circuit is employed in the system to reduce phase noise. An application to human epithelial cells (HeLa cells) is achieved in our experiment. The advancement of this technique rests in its ability to take images of unstained biological samples quantitatively and on a nanometer scale.
Equipment Design↗
In-situ thickness measurement of porous alumina by atomic force microscopy and the reflectance wavelength measurement from 400-1000 nm.
This article presents a novel method to measure the in situ thickness of porous alumina (PA) films. The PA films were prepared in oxalic acid at 30, 40, and 60 V direct current. Based on the atomic force microscope measurements, PA film porosities and refractive indexes measurements were acquired. With the observation of the reflectance spectra of PA films over the wavelength range 400-1000 nm, the nondestructive thickness measurement of the PA films were accurate and were found to be 3.66, 7.76, and 11.38 mum, respectively. Experiments showed that when the applied voltage increased, the pores diameters and interpore distances were enlarged, and the interference pattern was stronger and exhibited a greater number of oscillations over the given wavelength range, which indicated that the PA film's thickness increased. Our results match with the theoretical predictions and analysis quite well.
Aluminum Oxide↗
Spinal cord injury triggers sensitization of wide dynamic range dorsal horn neurons in segments rostral to the injury.
A spinal cord injury (SCI) was produced in adult rats by complete spinal cord transection at L6-S1. Neuropathic pain behaviors similar to the chronic central pain (CCP) syndrome in human, such as thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and autotomy, were present in these rats after spinal cord injury. Meanwhile, wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons recorded in the spinal dorsal horn rostral to the lesion responded as high frequency of spontaneous activities, long duration of after-discharges to noxious electrical stimuli and an augmented wind-up to 0.5 Hz stimuli. By using bupivacaine powder, a sodium channel blocker, at the locus of transection immediate after nerve injury, the chronic pain behaviors were prevented; the hyperexcitability of WDR neurons was also substantially reduced. It is suggested that spinal cord transection induces the CCP syndromes, which may be evoked and maintained by the hyperexcitability in WDR neurons rostrally. Reducing the neuronal activity at the site of lesion following injury may prevent the development of CCP after SCI.
Animals↗
A novel atomic force microscope operating in liquid for in situ investigation of electrochemical preparation of porous alumina.
A novel atomic force microscope (AFM) operating in liquid is described in this article. The specially designed AFM probe involves a tip attached to a cantilever, a tip holder, and a circular Plexiglas window. When the probe dives into the fluid, a circular meniscus is established around the Plexiglas window, preventing the tip from being affected or destroyed by surface tension of the liquid. In this setup, the whole scanning probe and the sample can completely dive into fluid. Meanwhile, the probe tip scans over the sample surface when the instrument works. These advantages enable the instrument to scan comparatively large or heavy samples with a high speed. The highest scan rate is about 30 lines/s or 14 s for a 400 x 400-pixel, 3 x 3 microm image. Using the new AFM, we carry out in-situ investigation of the formation processes of porous alumina during electrochemical anodic oxidation. A lead ring and an aluminum foil serve as cathode and anode, respectively. They are entirely immersed in the bath electrolyte, which is oxalic acid solution. During anodic oxidation, the AFM images of the sample surface are successively acquired without elevating the sample out of the solution. Experiments reveal that electrochemical reactions take place soon after the power supply is switched on, and with the progression of anodization, nanostructures of porous alumina gradually occur on the aluminum substrate, finally yielding ordered arrays of nanopores. As a typical example of applications, the results of this work show that the new AFM is an ideal and powerful tool for in-situ observation and study of materials or samples in aqueous solutions.
Aluminum Oxide↗
Effects of slow-release urea fertilizers on urease activity, microbial biomass, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil.
A field experiment was carried out at the Shenyang Experimental Station of Ecology (CAS) in order to study the effects of slow-release urea fertilizers high polymer-coated urea (SRU1), SRU1 mixed with dicyandiamide DCD (SRU2), and SRU1 mixed with calcium carbide CaC2 (SRU3) on urease activity, microbial biomass C and N, and nematode communities in an aquic brown soil during the maize growth period. The results demonstrated that the application of slow-release urea fertilizers inhibits soil urease activity and increases the soil NH4+-N content. Soil available N increment could promote its immobilization by microorganisms. Determination of soil microbial biomass N indicated that a combined application of coated urea and nitrification inhibitors increased the soil active N pool. The population of predators/omnivores indicated that treatment with SRU2 could provide enough soil NH4+-N to promote maize growth and increased the food resource for the soil fauna compared with the other treatments.
Acetylene↗
Conjugated linoleic acid enhanced the immune function in broiler chicks.
This study was undertaken to investigate the growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Two hundred and forty day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments with different inclusion levels of CLA (0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g pure CLA/kg) for 6 weeks. Growth performance, lysozyme activity, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and antibody production were investigated. There were no significant differences in growth performance among treatments (P>0.05). Chicks fed 10.0 g CLA/kg diet produced 40 % and 49 % more lysozyme activity in serum and spleen than the control group at 21 d of age (P<0.05). Dietary CLA enhanced the PBMC proliferation in response to concanavalin A at the age of 21 and 42 d (P<0.05). Systemic and peripheral blood lymphocytic synthesis of PGE2 in chicks fed 10.0 g CLA/kg diet was significantly decreased by 57 % and 42 % compared to chicks fed control diet (P<0.05). Antibody production to sheep red blood cell and bovine serum albumin were elevated in either 2.5 or 10.0 g CLA/kg dietary treatments (P<0.05). The results indicated dietary CLA could enhance the immune response in broiler chicks, but did not alter the growth performance.
Animals↗
Effects of conjugated linoleic acids on growth performance, serum lysozyme activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody production in broiler chicks.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chicks. A total of 240 day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments with different inclusion levels of CLA (0, 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg) for six weeks. Growth performance, peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity (carbon clearance) and serum antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine were examined. There were no significant differences in growth performance among treatments (p > 0.05). Chicks fed CLA diets produced more lysozyme activity in serum than the control group at 2 and 6 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Dietary CLA enhanced the PBL proliferation in response to concanavalin A (ConA) at the age of 42 d (p < 0.05). Phagocytic ability was also affected by dietary CLA and chicks fed CLA diets had faster carbon clearance rate (p < 0.05), but antibody titers to NDV was not influenced by dietary CLA. The results of the study suggested that dietary CLA could enhance innate and cellular immune response in broiler chicks, and not affect the growth performance.
Animal Feed↗
[Mutations analysis in a pedigree with maternally inherited sensorineural hearing loss].
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mutations in a pedigree with maternally inherited sensorineural hearing loss, and to investigate whether 235delC heterozygote mutation in gap junction protein beta 2 (GJB2) gene modulates the severity of hearing loss associated with the A1555G mitochondrial mutation. METHODS: The PCR products were digested with the Alw26 I restriction enzyme, followed by direct sequencing to detect the mitochondrial mutations in 72 members of a core pedigree of an extensive family with matrilineal nonsyndromic deafness; 235delC mutation of the GJB2 gene was screened in this family by using the Apa I restriction enzyme and direct sequencing. RESULTS: The A1555G mutation of the mitochondrial DNA was present in all 27 members of maternal line, out of them, 21 members had phenotype of deafness (77.8%), with a high penetrance. Only three maternal line members of 72 members possessed 235delC heterozygote mutations, and the three had different phenotypes. CONCLUSION: The A1555G homozygous mutation of mitochondrial DNA is the susceptive etiological factor of nonsyndromic deafness in this family, but in the study of this pedigree, the 235delC heterozygous mutation in GJB2 gene may not aggravate the symptoms of hearing loss associated with the A1555G mitochondrial mutation.
Base Sequence↗
Allele frequencies for three STR loci D1S3465, D6S2433 and D10S2481 in Chinese population.
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China↗
Wide-range length metrology by dual-imaging-unit atomic force microscope based on porous alumina.
A new dual-imaging-unit atomic force microscope (DIU-AFM) was developed for wide-range length metrology. In the DIU-AFM, two AFM units were combined, one as a reference unit, and the other a test one. Their probes with Z piezo elements and tips were horizontally set in parallel at the same height to reduce errors due to geometric asymmetry. An XY scanner was attached to an XY block that was able to move in the X direction with a step of about 500 nm. A standard porous alumina film was employed as the reference sample. Both reference sample and test sample were installed at the center of the XY scanner on the same surface and were simultaneously imaged. The two images had the same lateral size, and thus the length of the test sample image could be accurately measured by counting the number of periodic features of the reference one. The XY block together with the XY scanner were next moved in the X direction for about 1.5 microm and a second pair of reference and test images were obtained by activating the scanner. In this way, a series of pairs of images were acquired and could be spliced into two wide-range reference and test images, respectively. Again, the two spliced images were of the same size and the length of test image was measured based on the reference one. This article presents a discussion about the structure and control of the DIU-AFM system. Some experiments were carried out on the system to demonstrate the method of length calculation and measurement. Experiments show a satisfactory result of wide-range length metrology based on the hexagonal features of the porous alumina with a periodic length of several tens of nanometers. Using this method the DIU-AFM is capable of realizing nanometer-order accuracy length metrology when covering a wide range from micron to several hundreds of microns, or even up to millimeter order.
Aluminum Oxide↗
The M protein of SARS-CoV: basic structural and immunological properties.
We studied structural and immunological properties of the SARS-CoV M (membrane) protein, based on comparative analyses of sequence features, phylogenetic investigation, and experimental results. The M protein is predicted to contain a triple-spanning transmembrane (TM) region, a single N-glycosylation site near its N-terminus that is in the exterior of the virion, and a long C-terminal region in the interior. The M protein harbors a higher substitution rate (0.6% correlated to its size) among viral open reading frames (ORFs) from published data. The four substitutions detected in the M protein, which cause non-synonymous changes, can be classified into three types. One of them results in changes of pI (isoelectric point) and charge, affecting antigenicity. The second changes hydrophobicity of the TM region, and the third one relates to hydrophilicity of the interior structure. Phylogenetic tree building based on the variations of the M protein appears to support the non-human origin of SARS-CoV. To investigate its immunogenicity, we synthesized eight oligopeptides covering 69.2% of the entire ORF and screened them by using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) with sera from SARS patients. The results confirmed our predictions on antigenic sites.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Research advances on controlled-release mechanisms of nutrients in coated fertilizers].
Using encapsulation techniques to coat easily soluble fertilizers is an important way to improve fertilizer use efficiency while reduce environmental hazards. Based on a wide range of literature collection on coated fertilizer research, the theories, processes, and characters of nutrient controlled-release from coated fertilizer were discussed, and the factors affecting nutrient controlled-release and the mathematical simulations on it were reviewed. The main tendencies related to this research in China were also put forward.
Delayed-Action Preparations↗
[Effect of returning corn straw into soil on soil fertility].
Three-year field micro-plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of applying corn root stubble, corn straw, and the ordure of cattle fed with corn straw to improve soil fertility in northern Liaoning province. The results showed that chemical fertilizers could significantly increase the corn production, while organic fertilizers mainly improved the soil physical and chemical properties so as to increase soil fertility. In comparison with no fertilizer treatment, combination of chemical fertilizers and organic materials could increase soil organic matter by 3.06%-27.78%. The increments of soil organic matter by using different organic materials were in order of 100% corn straw > 50% corn straw > mixture of cattle ordure and soil > cattle ordure > 33% corn straw > corn root stubble. For maintaining and increasing soil organic matter, corn straw was better than mixture of cattle ordure and soil, and secondly better than cattle ordure if they contained the same carbon content. In addition, comparing with applying chemical fertilizers only, combination of chemical fertilizers and organic materials increased soil labile oxidization organic matter by 10.91%-20.67%, increased extractable humic acid by 1.43%-14.28%, raised slack/stable ratio of bonded humus by 0.07-0.19, and raised HA/FA ratio by 0.07-0.24. Meanwhile, this combination improved the soil nutrient status of N, P, and K, and the status of soil moisture and porosity, which demonstrated the increase of activity of soil organic matter and the improvement of soil fertility. So directly adding straw into soil without removing after harvest in autumn should be actively recommended, and the amount of corn straw added into soil should be 30 to 50 percent of the total production of corn straw.
Fertilizers↗