Biomedical subjects

Hak Hyun Jung

Publications and source records attributed to Hak Hyun Jung.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Distributional characteristics of lymphatic vessels in normal human nasal mucosa and sinus mucosa.

An immunohistochemical staining technique with the D2-40 antibody was undertaken to examine the functional and morphological features of lymphatic networks in tissue sections and whole-mount preparations of normal nasal mucosa and ethmoid sinus mucosa. In normal nasal mucosa, most lymphatic vessels were found in the superficial mucosa beneath the epithelial layer. Some of these vessels were dilated, whereas others were compressed and had a slit-like lumen. Whole-mount preparations revealed the extent of lymphatic vessels in normal ethmoid sinus mucosa. A network of lymphatic vessels was mainly found in the subepithelial layer, where lymphatic vessels represented rich networks, possessing antler-like branches and typical blind ends. However, these lymphatic networks were not arranged in the form of lymphangion chains, with each lymphangion consisting of a contractile compartment and valve. Thus, recognition of the distinctive features of the lymphatic network in normal nasal and sinus mucosa might aid investigations of lymphatic involvement in sinonasal diseases, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, and malignancy.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Expressions of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in endotoxin-induced otitis media with effusion in the rat.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, a selective COX-2 inhibitor was developed and used for reducing the levels of inflammation-inducing prostaglandin (PG) whilst not inhibiting the release of protective PG by COX-1. COX-1 may be the critical isoform required for the production of PG with a homeostatic function, whereas COX-2 may be the main contributor to PG production in inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate COX-1 and 2 expressions in experimental endotoxin-induced OME in rats and to quantify their temporal expressions. METHODS: In a rat model, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were inoculated into the middle ear cavity. Middle ear mucosa and temporal bone were samples at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12h, and on days 1, 3 and 7 after instilling either LPS or sterile PBS. RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were performed to determine the expressions of COX-1 and COX-2. RESULTS: COX-1 mRNA and protein were detected in normal middle ear mucosa but their levels did not change after endotoxin instillation. However, COX-2 was not identified in normal middle ear mucosa, but COX-2 mRNA was maximally increased at 6h after endotoxin instillation and COX-2 protein was maximally increased at 12h. COX-2 expression, by immunohistochemical staining, was identified only at 12h after endotoxin injection. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the basal expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA and protein in middle ear mucosa, as well as their regulations by endotoxin were investigated. COX-1 was not induced in middle ear mucosa by endotoxin whereas COX-2 was induced within 12h of stimulation. Our findings indicate that COX-2 inhibitor administration for the relief of inflammation should be considered within 12h of the initiation of an inflammatory process. These findings may provide an understanding of the mechanisms regulating PG formation in infection of the middle ear cavity.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Analysis of gene expression profiles of normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp tissues by SAGE.

BACKGROUND: A systemic determination of gene expression profiles in nasal polyp compared with normal nasal mucosa would contribute considerably to the investigation of the disease marker in various rhinopathy and general knowledge on the formation of human nasal polyp. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the transcriptome of the normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp by the serial analysis of gene expression. METHODS: mRNA was extracted from normal inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Short sequences (tags), each one usually corresponding to a distinct transcript, was isolated and concatemerized into long DNA molecules, which were cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: We detected 65,305 tags for normal nasal mucosa and 55,829 tags for nasal polyp, representing 20,629 and 17,636 potential transcripts species, respectively. Of the unique tags encountered more than once, 92% (normal nasal mucosa) and 90% (nasal polyp) matched known genes or expressed sequence tags, whereas the remainder did not match any GenBank sequences. Therefore, 504 and 539 novel transcripts were identified in normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, respectively. Although the expression levels of most transcripts in both libraries were similar, 114 transcripts were differentially expressed at a statistically significant level (P < .05)-that is, 65 and 49 transcripts among them were expressed at a higher level in normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, respectively. CONCLUSION: This information should be very useful for basic knowledge as well as for future studies on pathophysiological conditions of human nasal mucosa, providing some clues to evaluate the altered factors in a variety of rhinopathies. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study might contribute to general knowledge on the formation of human nasal polyp.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Postnatal development of myosin heavy chain isoforms in rat extraocular muscles.

PURPOSE: To determine the composition of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in rat extraocular muscles (EOMs) during postnatal development. METHODS: The MHC composition of rat EOMs at postnatal day 0 (P0), postnatal day 14 (P14), and adults was evaluated at mRNA levels by competitive polymerase chain reaction and MHC composition of each six EOM in adult rats. RESULTS: EOMs at P0 revealed predominant expression of neonatal MHC (75.5%) with a lesser percentage of embryonic MHC (12.8%) and 2A MHC (11.5%). 2X MHC was expressed at low levels and other MHC isoforms were not detected. At P14, EOMs expressed mostly 2X MHC (42.4%) and 2A MHC (27.4%). Expression levels of neonatal MHC (14.1%) and embryonic MHC (4.9%) decreased. 2B MHC (8.2%), EOM MHC (1.9%), and beta-cardiac MHC (1.1%) were detected at low levels. In the adult rats, EOMs contained over 80% of three fast MHC isoforms, such as 2X MHC (29.9%), 2A MHC (29.3%), and 2B MHC (24.5%). Each of six adult EOM showed slightly different expression levels of MHC composition. CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation exists between the composition of fast MHC isoforms and muscle development. MHC isoform followed a neonatal MHC-2X MHC-2B MHC isoform switching pattern after birth. Postnatal development of EOMs had a slightly different expression pattern for MHC isoforms and may have different regulatory roles related to their functional requirement.

Aging↗

PubMed2006

Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression and distribution of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met proteins in normal nasal mucosa and in nasal polyps and to evaluate the possible effects of HGF and c-Met on the development of nasal polyps. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary academic institution. PATIENTS: Normal inferior turbinate mucosa was obtained from 20 patients undergoing surgery for augmentation rhinoplasty. Nasal polyps were obtained from 20 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic polypoid sinusitis. INTERVENTIONS: Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression and distribution of HGF and c-Met were analyzed. RESULTS: Using immunohistochemistry, moderate to high levels of HGF were mainly localized in submucosal glands of nasal polyps, while c-Met was detected in submucosal glands and in epithelial cells. In normal turbinate mucosa, immunopositive HGF was detected in submucosal glands, where faint staining was found, while c-Met was noted in epithelial cells and in submucosal glands. Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that HGF expression was increased in nasal polyps compared with that in normal turbinate mucosa. The same result was observed for c-Met. CONCLUSION: Elevated c-Met expression in combination with expression of HGF in nasal polyps may enhance the proliferation of epithelial cells and submucosal glandular cells through the release of HGF, which activates c-Met receptors in nasal polyps.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Expression and localization of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-Met in inverted papillomas.

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that elevated c-Met expression in combination with the co-expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the epithelial cells of inverted papilloma may proliferate the epithelial cells of inverted papilloma. OBJECTIVES: HGF and its receptor, c-Met, have been identified in a variety of neoplastic and normal tissue types, implicating these factors in tissue regeneration and tumor progression. We investigated the expression and distribution of HGF and c-Met in normal nasal mucosa and inverted papilloma, to evaluate the possible influence of HGF and c-Met on the development of inverted papilloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal inferior turbinate mucosa and inverted papilloma were examined for expression of HGF and c-Met using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Using immunohistochemistry, moderate to high levels of HGF and c-Met protein were localized in epithelial cells in inverted papillomas tested in the present study. In normal turbinate mucosa immunopositive HGF was detected in the submucosal glands where faint staining was found. However, c-Met was noted in the epithelial cells and submucosal glands of normal turbinate mucosa. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of HGF and c-Met were increased in inverted papilloma in comparison with the normal turbinate mucosa.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in nasal polyps.

CONCLUSION: Up-regulated expression of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in nasal polyps may be related to epithelial proliferation and neoangiogenesis associated with nasal polyp growth. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: aFGF and bFGF are polypeptides that effect mitogenesis, neoangiogenesis and tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of aFGF and bFGF at both the mRNA and protein levels in nasal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue samples of nasal polyp and inferior turbinate mucosae were obtained. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, in situ hybridization, and Western blotting for aFGF and bFGF were performed in nasal polyp and nasal inferior turbinate. RESULTS: RT-PCR showed 50% aFGF and 29% bFGF expression positivity in 14 nasal polyps; however, 13 turbinates revealed no PCR products. aFGF and bFGF expression was localized to some inflammatory cells of nasal polyps by in situ hybridization. Western blotting identified aFGF and bFGF molecular masses of 18 kDa and 24 kDa, respectively, in nasal polyps, and these levels were higher than those observed in nasal turbinates. aFGF and bFGF proteins were also localized in some inflammatory cells of nasal polyps by immunostaining.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Analysis of gene expression profiles in cholesteatoma using oligonucleotide microarray.

CONCLUSION: Microarray analysis may be a useful tool to identify some candidate genes related to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression profiles in human cholesteatoma using an oligonucleotide chip including 10,115 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gene expression from five cholesteatoma matrices and five normal retroauricular skins was analyzed by Macrogen human oligo-chip and the expression levels of some selected genes were also confirmed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In all, 1327 up-regulated or 767 down-regulated genes that were over 3 times more prominent in cholesteatoma than in skin were identified by 5 samples of microarray data. Among these up-regulated or down-regulated genes in cholesteatoma, 291 genes were identified in 3 samples or more out of 5 samples as up-regulated expression more than threefold in density and 191 genes were down-regulated more than threefold in density. RT-PCR of 21 selected genes revealed that those expression levels were higher in choleasteatoma than retroauricular skin.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗

PubMed2006

Expression of beta-defensins in the tubotympanum of experimental otitis media.

CONCLUSION: Since the expression levels of beta-defensins 2-4 were up-regulated in experimental otitis media, they may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of otitis media. OBJECTIVES: Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that play a major role in innate immunity. The goal of this study was to identify the expression of defensins in experimental otitis media of the mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of three alpha-defensins (cryptdins, cryptdin-related sequences 1-C (CRS1-C), and CRS4-C) and four beta-defensins (mBD1, mBD2, mBD3, and mBD4) was investigated in the tubotympanum of experimental otitis media in mice by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression levels of three beta-defensins (mBD2, mBD3, mBD4) were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS: The alpha-defensins were not expressed in the tubotympanum. mBD1 was expressed constitutively in normal middle ear mucosa and Eustachian tube mucosa, but up-regulated expression of mBD2, mBD3, and mBD4 was observed with RT-PCR and Western blotting in the tubotympanums in experimental otitis media, while the normal tubotympanums did not express them.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Expression of Clara cell secretory protein in experimental otitis media in the rat.

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CCSP is upregulated in OME and may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of OME. OBJECTIVE: Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an abundant 16-kDa homodimeric protein and is secreted by non-ciliated secretory epithelial cells in the lung. It has an important protective role against the intrapulmonary inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CCSP in endotoxin-induced otitis media with effusion (OME) in the rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We instilled endotoxin and saline (control) into the middle ear cavity of the rat. Middle ear mucosa were taken at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, and the expression of both CCSP mRNA and protein were then evaluated using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: RT-PCR revealed that the expression of CCSP was first identified at 1 h after endotoxin instillation, was dramatically increased between 1 h and Day 1, with maximal expression at 12 h, and then decreased after Day 3. The expression pattern of CCSP protein identified by means of Western blotting was similar to the CCSP mRNA patterns observed using RT-PCR. Expression of CCSP at both mRNA and protein levels was not detected in either normal middle ear mucosa or saline-instilled middle ear mucosa. Immunohistochemistry revealed that some epithelial cells in the middle ear mucosa were stained.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Effect of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor on experimental otitis media with effusion.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rVEGF in the middle ear cavity contributes significantly to the development of OME by increasing the vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa. OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been detected in otitis media with effusion (OME). It has a very strong effect on increasing vascular permeability, and is much more potent than platelet-activating factor, arachidonic acid metabolites or histamine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) can increase vascular permeability in the middle ear mucosa of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: rVEGF was injected transtympanically at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 microg in the experimental groups; normal saline was injected in the control group. Twenty-four h after the injection of rVEGF, middle ear fluid was aspirated and the vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa was measured by means of the Evans Blue vital dye technique. RESULTS: Extravasation of Evans Blue dye was found in all specimens injected with rVEGF, and was quantified using a spectrophotometer. Middle ear fluid developed in all ears injected with 0.1 or 1.0 microg of rVEGF and histopathology of the middle ear mucosa revealed severe inflammatory cellular infiltration, subepithelial edema and vascular dilatation. Rats injected with 1.0 microg of rVEGF showed a significant increase in middle ear vascular permeability in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05).

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Quantitative expression levels of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted and eotaxin transcripts in toluene diisocyanate-induced allergic rats.

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that eotaxin may play a predominant role in controlling antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into tissue. Objective To investigate the expression levels of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) mRNA and eotaxin mRNA in the nasal mucosa of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic rats and to evaluate which of them is primarily related to selective eosinophilic infiltration by comparing their expression levels with the numbers of infiltrated eosinophils and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We quantified the expression levels of two strong eosinophilic CC chemokines (RANTES and eotaxin) and VCAM-1 at mRNA levels in the nasal mucosa of TDI-induced allergic rats using competitive polymerase chain reaction and compared their expression levels with the number of infiltrated eosinophils. RESULTS: The number of infiltrated eosinophils was significantly increased between 3 h and Day 4 in TDI-induced allergic rats, but had decreased by Day 5. VCAM-1 mRNA expression was also increased between 3 h and Day 4. The number of infiltrated eosinophils correlated with the expression levels of VCAM-1 mRNA (p < 0.01). In contrast, expression of RANTES mRNA and eotaxin mRNA was increased between 3 h and Day 2, peaked between Days 1 and 2 and then declined. Although the expression of both chemokines correlated with the numbers of infiltrated eosinophils (p < 0.01), peak expression levels of eotaxin mRNA were 14-fold higher than baseline levels whereas RANTES mRNA expression increased 3-fold.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Expression and distribution of ion transport mRNAs in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the electrogenic kidney Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (kNBC), KCl cotransporter (KCC1 and -4) and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC1, -2, -3) mRNAs are expressed in normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, suggesting that altered expression of all CaCC mRNAs in nasal polyp may cause impaired electrolyte and water transport across the epithelial cells. OBJECTIVE: Electrolyte transport by nasal epithelia has been suggested to be important for controlling the quantity and composition of the nasal fluid and may play an important role in the development of nasal polyps. Transepithelial transport of ions and water in various fluid-transporting epithelia is strictly dependent on the localization of specific membrane proteins in the polarized epithelial cells. In this study we investigated the expression and distribution of mRNA transcripts for kNBC, pancreatic NBC, KCC1, -2, -3, -4 and CaCC1, -2, -3 gene families in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression and localization of these gene families were investigated in inferior turbinate tissues and nasal polyp using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), semiquantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: mRNAs for kNBC, KCC1 and -4 and all the CaCC families (CaCC1, -2 and -3) are expressed in human turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. The expression levels of kNBC and KCC1 and -4 mRNAs did not differ between nasal mucosa and nasal polyp. However, the expression levels of all the CaCC genes were significantly decreased in nasal polyp. In situ hybridization revealed that the expression of these genes was mainly localized in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands of inferior turbinate mucosa and in the epithelial layer of nasal polyp.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Expression and distribution of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) may play a role in the defense of normal human nasal mucosa against external noxious stimuli. Based on the fact that normal nasal mucosa is continuously exposed to inhaled toxicants and contains a considerable number of inflammatory cells, Trx and TrxR may be upregulated even in normal nasal mucosa and perhaps the difference in their expression levels between normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, if it exists at all, is small and therefore difficult to detect. Further studies will be needed to clarify the roles of Trx and TrxR in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp. OBJECTIVES: The cellular antioxidant defense system includes thiol-containing proteins such as Trx and TrxR, which have recently attracted much attention due to their strong antioxidant radical quenching capabilities and other important biological functions related to the regulation of the cellular redox state. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression and distribution of Trx and TrxR in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, and to improve understanding of the significance of the Trx system in these conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression and distribution of Trx and TrxR in normal human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp were investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: mRNAs and protein for both Trx and TrxR were detected in normal human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that there was no significant difference in the expression levels of Trx and TrxR between inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Immunoreactivity for both Trx and TrxR was seen in nasal epithelial cells, glands and vascular endothelium of inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp. Trx and TrxR immunoreactivity was also found in inflammatory infiltrating cells in inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyp.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Distributional characteristics of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.

The results of this study suggest that an altered expression pattern of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in nasal polyp may not function as a charge restriction barrier for vascular permeability, contributing to the leakage of protein and fluid. Sulfated GAGs are found on the vascular endothelial surface and in the extracellular matrix in various tissues and organs, suggesting that these materials constitute a negatively charged screen restricting the movement of circulating plasma molecules. This study was designed to elucidate the distributional characteristics of sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp in order to understand their roles in the formation of nasal polyp. The expression and localization of sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp were detected light microscopically with the histochemical method using poly-L-lysine-conjugated colloidal gold followed by silver enhancement. Sulfated GAGs in normal human nasal mucosa were distributed in the epithelial layer, vascular endothelial surface, submucosal gland and extracellular matrix. In nasal polyp, intense staining was also seen in the glandular structure and epithelial layer. However, the vascular endothelium and extracellular matrix exhibited either a weak reaction or no reaction.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Myosin heavy chain composition of rat middle ear muscles.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyze myosin heavy chain (MHC) mRNA composition in two rat middle ear muscles (the tensor tympani and stapedius) using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An exogenous template, including oligonucleotide sequences specific for the seven rat MHCs (2A, 2B, 2X, 2L/EOM, embryonic, neonatal and beta-cardiac) as well as beta-actin, was constructed and used as the competitor. RESULTS: The tensor tympani and stapedius contained all MHC isoforms except 2L. The tensor tympani contained approximately equal proportions of 2X (40.4% +/- 6.5%) and 2A (34.0% +/- 1.3%) MHCs, with a smaller percentage of 2B (16.6% +/- 1.5%) and neonatal (7.5% +/- 0.6%) MHCs, while beta-cardiac and embryonic MHCs were minimally expressed. The stapedius contained predominantly 2X (58.0% +/- 4.2%) and 2A (32.3% +/- 6.7%) MHCs, with a smaller percentage of 2B (7.4% +/- 0.2%) and beta-cardiac (1.9% +/- 0.1%) MHCs. Neonatal and embryonic MHCs were detected at very low levels. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that two middle ear muscles, which are mainly composed of two fast-twitching myosins (2X and 2A MHCs), contract fast and are fatigue-resistant.

Actins↗

PubMed2004

Expression of guanylin and uroguanylin mRNA in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES: Guanylin and uroguanylin are small, heat-stable peptides that were originally isolated from the small intestine and from urine, respectively. Functionally, it has been proposed that these peptides can regulate ion and water transport in various fluid-transporting epithelia. In the present study we evaluated the presence of mRNAs for human guanylin and uroguanylin in human inferior turbinate mucosa and nasal polyps. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The expression and localization of mRNAs for both peptides were investigated in inferior turbinate tissues and nasal polyps using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: mRNAs for both peptides were detected in human turbinate mucosa and nasal polyps. In situ hybridization revealed that they were localized in the epithelial layer and submucosal glands of inferior turbinate mucosa and in the epithelial layer of nasal polyps. However, their expression was noted at low levels in the superficial epithelium of nasal polyps, compared with that of inferior turbinate mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that guanylin and uroguanylin in the nasal mucosa may participate in normal physiological processes, but also suggest that altered expression of these genes in nasal polyps may cause impaired electrolyte and water transport across the epithelial cells.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Proteomic analysis of cholesteatoma.

OBJECTIVE: Proteomic analysis with 2D electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) may be a powerful tool for identifying and characterizing the specific proteins relating to the pathogenesis of some diseases, including cholesteatoma. The purpose of this study was to identify upregulated proteins in human cholesteatoma in comparison with canal skin using proteomic analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three cholesteatoma matrices and three samples of normal retroauricular skin were obtained intraoperatively from cholesteatoma patients. We performed 2D electrophoresis in order to separate the proteins by molecular weight and approximately detected 600 protein spots. We then analyzed the 17 upregulated spots from the cholesteatoma matrices using MALDI-TOF MS. Upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and osteoclast stimulating factor-1 (OSF-1), two candidate proteins in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma, was confirmed by means of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Interestingly, two candidate proteins, PCNA and OSF-1, relating to cellular proliferation and bone destruction were identified in the cholesteatoma matrices and we also detected nine proteins relating to the mechanism of signal transduction in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma, including P-13-kinase P55 gamma subunit, RET proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase receptor and adenosine kinase. CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis may be a powerful tool for the identification and characterization of many promising candidate proteins relating to cholesteatoma.

Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear↗