Biomedical subjects
Han-min Zhu
Publications and source records attributed to Han-min Zhu.
[Relationship between the age of menarche, menopause and other factors and postmenopause osteoporosis].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis (OP) and the age of menarche and menopause, parity and lactation and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: BMD was measured in 1472 postmenopausal women by Norland XR-36 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) from May 1999 to April 2003 in our hospital. All data of BMD were compared and statistically analyzed between women with different age of menarche and menopause, parity and lactation period. The diagnostic criteria of osteoporosis was defined by a loss of BMD greater than 2.5 standard deviations below average peak BMD of young adult women. RESULTS: In all 1472 subjects, the incidence of osteoporosis is 58.5% (861/1472). There was significant increase in osteoporosis of lumbar spine in women with the age of menarche > or = 17 (119 out of 336 cases were with osteoporosis in lumbar) compared with women with age of menarche < or = 13 (75 out of 276 cases were with osteoporosis in lumbar). In women with menarche age of 11-13, 14-16, 17-19, lumbar vertebral (L(2-4)) BMD values were (0.83 +/- 0.16), (0.82 +/- 0.16), (0.80 +/- 0.14) g/cm(2), respectively. There was significant increase in BMD of lumbar in the menarche age group of 11-13 compared with the age group of 17-19 in women within menopause 1-10 years (P < 0.05). Among all women aged between 55-65, there was significant increase in OP in women with the menopause age < or = 48 compared with menopause age > or = 54 (P < 0.01). BMD of the L(2-4), Trochanter, Ward triangle was significantly increased in women who had had one delivery or being nulliparous compared with women having more than four deliveries; BMD of the L(2-4), Ward's triangle were significantly increased in women with less than six months of lactation compared with those lactating more than thirty-six months. CONCLUSIONS: The later the menarche and the earlier the menopause, the higher the degree of osteoporosis; the more deliveries and period of lactation, the lower the BMD. Age is one of the high risk factors of osteoporosis.
[Effect of raloxifene hydrochloride on bone mineral density, bone metabolism and serum lipids in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis].
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) on the lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism and serum lipids in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS: 204 Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis from 3 hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai were randomly divided into 2 groups of 102 women: RLX group (RLX of the dosage of 60 mg/day was given for 12 months) and placebo group. In addition, 500 mg of elemental calcium and 200 units of vitamin D were given daily to all women. BMD, serum bone markers and lipids were measured before and after drug administration. The BMD of lumber spine and hip was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) and C-teloppeptide were analyzed by one-step ELISA. Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic method. RESULTS: By the end of the 12-month study period, the lumbar spine BMD was increased by 3.3% +/- 4.8% in the RLX group and 1.0% +/- 4.9% in the placebo group (P < 0.001); the hip BMD was increased by 1.4% +/- 4.8%in the RLX group and decreased by 0.9% +/- 5.0% in the placebo group (P < 0.01). New vertebral fracture occurred in none of the subjects in the RLX group and in 5 subjects of the placebo group (P = 0.059). The serum BGP and CTX decreased by 41.7% and 61.5% respectively in the RLX group, both significantly more than those in the placebo group (10.6% and 35.6% respectively, both P < 0.001). Both the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in the RLX group than in the placebo group (both P < 0.001), however, there were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides between these two groups. One subject in the RLX group and 5 subjects in the placebo group discontinued the study due to adverse events. There were no differences in the number of subjects with hot flushes (3 in the RLX group and 1 in the placebo group) and the number of subjects with leg cramps (9 in the RLX group and 4 in the placebo group). No venous thromboembolic event was reported. CONCLUSION: RLX of the dosage of 60 mg/day for 12 months significantly increases the lumbar spine and total hip bone BMD, significantly decreases bone turnover and has favorable effects on serum lipids in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
[Effect of osteoprotegerin gene polymorphism on bone mass in postmenopausal women].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of promoter region polymorphism of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene on bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The OPG genotype were determined by PCR-RFLP in 259 postmenopausal women of Han race in Shanghai area, and BMD at lumbar-spine, femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle etc., were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Some markers of bone turnover were also detected. RESULTS: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for OPG polymorphism. The frequency of the genotype is as following: TT59%, TC28%, CC13%. Postmenopausal women were divided into two groups. Women aged less than 65 years old were in group I, and aged 65 years old and over were in group II. In group I the BMD at femur neck area was 0.64 g/cm(2) +/- 0.11 g/cm(2), 0.67 g/cm(2) +/- 0.11 g/cm(2), 0.68 g/cm(2) +/- 0.14 g/cm(2) of TT, TC, CC genotypes respectively, among which a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05 by ANOVA), and the significant difference also presented after adjusted by age and BMI, but not found the significant difference in other markers. In group II, significant link was not observed between OPG polymorphism and BMD with markers of bone turnover. CONCLUSION: OPG polymorphism may have an effect on the BMD of postmenopausal women aged less than 65. It is possibly that the role of OPG gene mainly on the obtaining of peak BMD in women.
Effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on bone mineral density, bone metabolism and serum lipids in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
BACKGROUND: Raloxifene has been approved for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Caucasian women. It also has some positive effects on serum lipids in Caucasians. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of raloxifene hydrochloride on lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism, and serum lipids in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS: This was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 204 postmenopausal Chinese women with osteoporosis were assigned to receive raloxifene (60 mg) or placebo treatment daily for 12 months. BMD, serum bone metabolism markers, and serum lipids were measured before and after drug administration. BMD was measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and bone metabolism markers were analyzed by one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic analysis. RESULTS: At the end of the 12-month study, lumbar spine BMD increased in both groups with a mean increase of (3.3 +/- 4.8)% in the raloxifene group and (1.0 +/- 4.9)% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). There was a mean increase in total hip BMD of (1.4 +/- 4.8)% in the raloxifene group and a mean decrease of (0.9 +/- 5.0)% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). No subject in the raloxifene group had a new vertebral fracture and 5 placebo subjects had new fractures (P > 0.05). In the raloxifene group, the median decreases in the biochemical markers of bone metabolism serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide were 41.7% and 61.5%, respectively. These changes were statistically significant compared with those in the placebo group (10.6% and 35.6%, P < 0.001, respectively). Both total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly in the raloxifene group compared with those in the placebo group (P < 0.001, respectively) and there was no significant effect of raloxifene on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Raloxifene 60 mg/d for 12 months significantly increases lumbar spine and total hip BMD, significantly decreases bone turnover, and has favourable effects on serum lipids in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
[Combined effect of interleukin-6 and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mass in postmenopausal women].
OBJECTIVE: To examine the individual and combined effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphisms on the Z score of bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: BMD at lumbar spine (L(2 - 4)) and femoral neck (FN) were analyzed in 205 postmenopausal Chinese women by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Polymorphic 3'flanking region of IL-6 gene and the allelic variance in ER gene PvuII and XbaI sites were studied by polymerase chain reaction. Serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and urinary pyridinolin were also measured. RESULTS: There were D/D, D/E, C/D, C/C and E/E 5 genotypes of IL-6 gene in our samples, 193 of 205 women were D/D or D/E types. No difference of BMD at L(2 - 4) or FN was found between D/D and D/E types. For the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in these IL-6 D/D and D/E genotypes, the FN BMD was higher in pp in comparison with Pp (P = 0.036), and lumbar spine BMD was higher in XX type, comparing with Xx and xx genotype (P = 0.005 and 0.031, respectively). Women without Px haplotype had elevated BMD at L(2 - 4) (P = 0.029) and a trend for higher BMD at FN (P = 0.056) than those with it. Combining the women with IL-6 D/D, D/E genotypes and ER gene Px haplotypes, the L(2 - 4) BMD in those of DD * without Px haplotype showed a tendency to be higher than those of DD * with Px haplotype (P = 0.057), and was significantly increased than those of DE * with Px haplotypes (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: The introduction of ER gene Px haplotype in the analysis of IL-6 gene might identify individuals with a reduced bone mass more precisely.