AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This systematic review looks at the psychological and social impact of stoma surgery on peoples' lives. BACKGROUND: The formation of a stoma can have a negative effect on a person's quality of life and affect lifestyle in a number of ways. METHODS: The review examines nursing literature from 1990 to date and focuses on how stoma patients' lives are affected by the presence of a stoma. It informs nursing practice so nurses are better able to help individuals improve, maintain or recover their health following ostomy surgery. RESULTS: The findings of the review indicate that stoma surgery can impact on individuals' lives in many different ways. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Knowledge of the problems stoma patients can experience can help nurses plan care in an individualized way. Recommendations for nursing practice and future research are made.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

A novel CDK5-dependent pathway for regulating GSK3 activity and kinesin-driven motility in neurons.

Neuronal transmission of information requires polarized distribution of membrane proteins within axonal compartments. Membrane proteins are synthesized and packaged in membrane-bounded organelles (MBOs) in neuronal cell bodies and later transported to axons by microtubule-dependent motor proteins. Molecular mechanisms underlying targeted delivery of MBOs to discrete axonal subdomains (i.e. nodes of Ranvier or presynaptic terminals) are poorly understood, but regulatory pathways for microtubule motors may be an essential step. In this work, pharmacological, biochemical and in vivo experiments define a novel regulatory pathway for kinesin-driven motility in axons. This pathway involves enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3). Inhibition of CDK5 activity in axons leads to activation of GSK3 by PP1, phosphorylation of kinesin light chains by GSK3 and detachment of kinesin from transported cargoes. We propose that regulating the activity and localization of components in this pathway allows nerve cells to target organelle delivery to specific subcellular compartments. Implications of these findings for pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2004