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Hannes F Alber

Publications and source records attributed to Hannes F Alber.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Transient impairment of flow-mediated vasodilation in patients with metabolic syndrome at moderate altitude (1,700 m).

BACKGROUND: The influence of moderate altitude on the cardiovascular system in patients with metabolic syndrome has not been investigated sufficiently, yet. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acute and mid-term exposure to moderate altitude (1,700 m) on endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Flow-mediated (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD) were assessed in 18 patients with coronary risk factors on 5 occasions: (1) at location A (576 m), (2) on the first day at moderate altitude (location B, 1,700 m), (3) after 3 weeks at moderate altitude, (4) and (5) again at location A (6 and 16 weeks after the stay at moderate altitude, respectively). In addition, markers of lipid metabolism, serum erythropoietin and endothelin were measured. RESULTS: FMD on the first day at moderate altitude was similar compared to baseline FMD at location A (7.0 +/- 3.3 vs. 7.4 +/- 4.6%; NS). A 3-week stay at moderate altitude was associated with a significant reduction in FMD (7.4 +/- 4.6 vs. 3.8 +/- 2.5%; p < 0.05) despite a decrease in baseline diameter (4.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 mm; p < 0.05). Six weeks after returning to location A, FMD was still reduced compared to baseline (4.3 +/- 2.8%; p < 0.05) and after further 16 weeks, FMD returned to baseline values (5.5 +/- 3.5%). However, metabolic parameters improved significantly. In contrast, NMD and endothelin levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: In patients with metabolic syndrome, a sojourn of 3 weeks at moderate altitude leads to a prolonged, but reversible impairment of FMD. The discrepancy to improvement of other cardiovascular and metabolic parameters requires further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Chronic heart failure is associated with vascular remodeling of the brachial artery.

AIMS: Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to correlate with severity of congestive heart failure (CHF) and recent data suggest morphological changes of peripheral vasculature to be associated with the syndrome. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that vascular remodeling is associated with functional changes in peripheral conduit arteries and with systemic overexpression of ET-1 in patients suffering from CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: 57 consecutive patients referred to the Innsbruck Heart Failure and Transplantation Program (EF=23+/-7%) and 16 matched controls (EF=60+/-5%) were studied. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD), wall thickness (WT), and incremental elastic modulus (Einc) were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound of the brachial artery. FMD (P=0.004) and NMD (P=0.02) were significantly higher in controls as compared to moderate and severe CHF patients. In contrast, brachial artery-wall thickness (BA-WT) was increased in severe CHF patients (P=0.038). BA-WT was significantly correlated with both FMD (r=-0.28; P=0.049) and NMD (r=-0.38; P=0.003), and with the Einc (r=0.45, P=0.001). Lumen diameter was not different among groups. In patients with BA-WT>0.31 mm, bigET-1 was higher compared to BA-WT<0.31 mm (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CHF is associated with remodeling of the brachial artery, which is characterized by morphological, mechanical and functional changes of the vessel wall. Endothelin-1 may play a role in the vascular remodeling process.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cardiac hepatopathy before and after heart transplantation.

Chronic cardiac hepatopathy is a common entity in patients evaluated for heart transplantation (HTX). Hepatic injury is caused by severe heart failure resulting from prolonged recurrent congestion and/or impaired arterial perfusion. No data are available on the reversibility of cardiac hepatopathy in patients undergoing HTX. Data of 56 consecutive adult patients undergoing HTX during 2000-02 at the University Hospital of Innsbruck were analysed retrospectively. The following parameters were evaluated at the time of listing and 3, 6 and 12 months after HTX. Plasma levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total plasma protein. When listed for HTX, only 12% of all patients analysed had physiological values throughout the seven laboratory parameters assessed. Elevated levels of gamma-GT, AP, bilirubin, AST, ALT, LDH and total plasma protein were detected in 66.6%, 29%, 50%, 16.7%, 10%, 40% and 18% of all patients respectively. Accordingly, median plasma levels of gamma-GT, bilirubin and LDH were elevated, whereas the mean plasma level of AP was at the upper normal range. In contrast, median plasma level of AST and mean plasma levels of ALT and total plasma protein were within the normal range: gamma-GT (median, 109.0; range, 634.0 U/l; n = 36), AP (mean, 120.2 +/- 78.9 U/l; n = 29), bilirubin (median, 1.3; range, 16.1 mg/dl; n = 32), LDH (median, 226.0; range, 2355.0 U/l; n = 33), AST (median, 29.0; range, 145.0 U/l; n = 36), ALT (mean, 28.3 +/- 20.8 U/l; n = 36) and total plasma protein (mean, 7.2 +/- 1.1 g/dl; n = 25). Within 3 months after HTX, elevated parameters except LDH significantly ameliorated: gamma-GT (median, 59.0; range, 1160.0 U/l; P = 0.011), AP (92.2 +/- 75.2 U/l; P = 0.016), bilirubin (median, 0.9; range, 8.1 mg/dl; P = 0.004), LDH slightly increased (median, 281.0; range, 543.0 U/l; P = 0.039), but there was a delayed improvement of this parameter after 6 and 12 months post-HTX. End-stage heart failure is characterized by a cholestatic liver enzyme profile with elevated plasma levels of gamma-GT and bilirubin. These parameters significantly improve within 3 months after HTX. Therefore, chronic cardiac hepatopathy seems to be a benign, potentially reversible disease.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2003

Plasma distribution of apoA-IV in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls.

Recent studies showed lower apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) plasma concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The actual distribution of the antiatherogenic apoA-IV in human plasma, however, is discussed controversially and it was never investigated in CAD patients. We therefore developed a gentle technique to separate the various apoA-IV-containing plasma fractions. Using a combination of precipitation of all lipoproteins with 40% phosphotungstic acid and 4 M MgCl2, as well as immunoprecipitation of all apoA-I-containing particles with an anti-apoA-I antibody, we obtained three fractions of apoA-IV: lipid-free apoA-IV (about 4% of total apoA-IV), apoA-IV associated with apoA-I (LpA-I:A-IV, 12%), and apoA-I-unbound but lipoprotein-containing apoA-IV (LpA-IV, 84%). We compared these three apoA-IV fractions between 52 patients with a history of CAD and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients had significantly lower apoA-IV levels when compared to controls (10.28 +/- 3.67 mg/dl vs. 11.85 +/- 2.82 mg/dl, P = 0.029), but no major differences for the three plasma apoA-IV fractions. We conclude that our gentle separation method reveals a different distribution of apoA-IV than in many earlier studies. No major differences exist in the apoA-IV plasma distribution pattern between CAD patients and controls. Therefore, the antiatherogenic effect of apoA-IV has to be explained by other functional properties of apoA-IV (e.g., the antioxidative characteristics).

Adult↗
PubMed2003

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors regulate inflammatory transcription factors in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells.

OBJECTIVE: Pleiotropic atheroprotective effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may be mediated on the level of vascular gene transcription. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of statins on the activation of transcription factors known to regulate inflammation and cell proliferation/differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin (0.1 to 10 micro mol/L) inhibited the binding of nuclear proteins to both the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA consensus oligonucleotides in human endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The inhibitory effects of statins on NF-kappaB or AP-1-dependent transcriptional activity were examined by transient transfection studies. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors upregulated IkappaB-alpha protein levels in endothelial cells and decreased c-Jun mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells as analyzed by Western and Northern blotting, respectively. Furthermore, statins inhibited DNA binding of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Downstream effects of statins included inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A mRNA levels in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors downregulate the activation of transcription factors NF-kappaB, AP-1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. These findings support the concept that statins have antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects that are relevant in the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases.

Atorvastatin↗
PubMed2002

Morphologic rather than functional or mechanical sonographic parameters of the brachial artery are related to angiographically evident coronary atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among coronary atherosclerosis and functional, morphologic, and mechanical parameters assessed noninvasively within the brachial artery (BA). BACKGROUND: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the BA, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery, and distensibility of the aorta have been correlated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: The BA was examined with high-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) in 117 male patients, in whom coronary angiography was performed. Coronary artery disease (> or =30% diameter stenosis in > or =1 major branch) was found in 84 patients, and 33 patients had smooth coronary arteries (non-CAD). Wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) was calculated from resting diameter and IMT. RESULTS: The BA-WCSA (5.3 +/- 1.5 mm(2) vs. 4.4 +/- 1.4 mm(2), p = 0.002) and IMT (0.37 +/- 0.07 mm vs. 0.31 +/- 0.07 mm, p < 0.001) were significantly greater in patients with CAD compared with non-CAD patients. Flow-mediated vasodilation and distensibility were similar among groups. Using logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, positive family history, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, FMD, and distensibility, only WCSA (p < 0.01) and IMT (p < 0.001) correlated independently with the presence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic but not functional and mechanical parameters of the BA are associated with the presence of CAD. Among BA sonographic parameters, IMT and WCSA seem to be the most accurate ones for the estimation of coronary atherosclerotic risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Association of wall thickness of the brachial artery measured with high-resolution ultrasound with risk factors and coronary artery disease.

Intima-media thickness of the carotid and femoral arteries has been associated with coronary atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae. The brachial artery (BA) is widely used for the assessment of flow-mediated vasodilation. The aim of this study was to examine whether BA wall thickness (WT) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and risk factors. High-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) examination of the BA was performed in 179 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of chest pain. CAD (> or =30% diameter stenosis in > or =1 major branch) was found in 132 patients, whereas 47 patients had smooth coronary arteries. WT of the posterior BA wall (0.4 +/- 0.05 vs 0.35 +/- 0.06 mm, p <0.001) and wall index (WI) (WT/vessel diameter x 100; 16.1 +/- 0.0 vs 13.8 +/- 0.8, p <0.001) were greater in patients with than without CAD. On univariate analysis, WT and WI correlated with age, presence of CAD, systemic hypertension, maximum coronary diameter stenosis, and baseline diameter. On logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, cholesterol levels, systemic hypertension, smoking, and positive family history, WT (p <0.01) and WI (p = 0.02) remained significantly correlated with the presence of CAD. Thus, BA-WT is independently correlated with the presence of CAD. WT may provide a novel noninvasive marker of atherosclerosis that can be assessed together with flow-mediated vasodilation to yield functional and morphologic information in the same vessel.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Short- and long-term changes of flow-mediated vasodilation in patients under statin therapy.

BACKGROUND: Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) has been shown to improve in response to lipid-lowering therapy and other therapeutic interventions, usually within 1 to 2 months. Whether FMD remains improved under therapy in the longer term is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to examine the short- and long-term changes of FMD under statin therapy. METHODS: Flow-mediated vasodilation and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD) of the BA were measured with high-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) at baseline and at 4 and 10 months in 18 consecutively recruited patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), in whom statin therapy was newly established. RESULTS: The decrease of total plasma cholesterol levels after 4 and 10 months of statin therapy (243 +/- 31 vs. 186 +/- 30 vs. 191 +/- 40 mg/dl; p < 0.001) was accompanied by an increase in FMD from 4.4 +/- 3.8% at baseline to 9.6 +/- 2.7% at 4 months and to 9.5 +/- 2.6% at 10 months (p < 0.001). Nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation showed a trend toward improvement after 4 months (14.6 +/- 7.5 vs. 19.1 +/- 3.6 vs. 19.4 +/- 5.6%; NS). The FMD/NMD ratio also rose significantly after 4 months and remained improved after 10 months of statin therapy (0.31 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.14; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Statin therapy is associated with sustained improvement of endothelial function up to 10 months. These data support the utility of FMD for the assessment of vascular function in response to lipid-lowering therapy or other therapeutic interventions in long-term studies.

Adult↗