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Harmohina Bagga

Publications and source records attributed to Harmohina Bagga.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Detection of psychophysical and structural injury in eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and normal standard automated perimetry.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of structural and psychophysical abnormalities in normal eyes and eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and normal standard automated perimetry (SAP). METHODS: Complete examination, SAP, short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), frequency doubling technology (FDT), scanning laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic disc, and macula were performed. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was defined as cup-disc asymmetry between fellow eyes of greater than 0.2, rim thinning, notching, excavation, or RNFL defect. All eyes had normal SAP. Abnormal measurements on OCT, GDx-VCC, SWAP, and FDT were defined as those outside 95% normal limits. Eyes were stratified into 3 groups based on the OCT-generated vertical cup-disc ratio: mild, moderate, and advanced cupping (cup-disc ratio of <0.4, 0.4-0.7, and >0.7, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curves were developed to assess sensitivity and specificity of structural and functional assessments. RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes of 47 patients (25 with GON and 22 normal) were enrolled (mean +/- SD age, 58 +/- 16 years; range, 25-83 years). Compared with normal eyes, eyes with GON had significantly worse mean deviation and pattern standard deviation by means of SWAP and FDT (P = .02-.05); OCT-derived mean and superior and inferior RNFL thickness (P = .008, <.001, and .05, respectively); mean macular thickness (P = .01), rim volume, rim area, cup-disc ratio, and cup area (all P<.001); and GDx-VCC nerve fiber indicator and inferior average (P = .03). There was a significantly (P = .008, .002, .003, and .01, respectively) greater prevalence of abnormalities identified by SWAP, FDT, OCT and GDx-VCC in eyes with advanced cupping (43%, 43%, 57%, and 57%, respectively) compared with mild cupping (0%) and moderate cupping (9%, 5%, 19%, and 33%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with GON and normal results of SAP have significantly greater structural and psychophysical abnormalities than do normal eyes evaluated by means of OCT, GDx-VCC, SWAP, and FDT. Eyes with increased vertical cup-disc ratio are more likely to manifest such abnormalities on advanced diagnostic testing.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative assessment of atypical birefringence images using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation.

PURPOSE: To define the clinical characteristics of atypical birefringence images and to describe a quantitative method for their identification. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative, clinical observational study. METHODS: Normal and glaucomatous eyes underwent complete examination, standard automated perimetry, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx-VCC), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and optic disk. Eyes were classified into two groups: normal birefringence pattern (NBP) and atypical birefringence pattern (ABP). Clinical, functional, and structural characteristics were assessed separately. A multiple logistic regression model was used to predict eyes with ABP on the basis of a quantitative scan score generated by a support vector machine (SVM) with GDx-VCC. RESULTS: Sixty-five eyes of 65 patients were enrolled. ABP images were observed in 5 of 20 (25%) normal eyes and 23 of 45 (51%) glaucomatous eyes. Compared with eyes with NBP, glaucomatous eyes with ABP demonstrated significantly lower SVM scores (P < .0001, < 0.0001, 0.008, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively) and greater temporal, mean, inferior, and nasal RNFL thickness using GDx-VCC; and a weaker correlation with OCT generated RNFL thickness (R(2) = .75 vs .27). ABP images were significantly correlated with older age (R(2) = .16, P = .001). The SVM score was the only significant (P < .0001) predictor of ABP images and provided high discriminating power between eyes with NBP and ABP (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: ABP images exist in a subset of normal and glaucomatous eyes, are associated with older patient age, and produce an artifactual increase in RNFL thickness using GDx-VCC. The SVM score is highly predictive of ABP images.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Predicting subsequent visual field loss in glaucomatous subjects with disc hemorrhage using retinal nerve fiber layer polarimetry.

PURPOSE: To predict progression of visual field loss after an episode of disc hemorrhage in glaucoma patients on the basis of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) GDx polarimetry measurements analyzed by wavelet-Fourier analysis (WFA). METHODS: Retrospective GDx data from 16 subjects (10 progressors and 6 non-progressors based on visual fields) obtained near the time of disc hemorrhage were analyzed to predict which patients would have visual field progression. Polarimetry scans throughout a follow-up period (31 months average) were also analyzed to compare field progression to RNFL thickness change after the hemorrhage. Mean RNFL thickness inferred from the polarimetry data at sixteen 22.5 degrees sectors at distances of 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 disc diameters were used. Data were analyzed by applying to appropriate regions of disc hemorrhage patients a structural analysis (WFA) we had developed previously. A linear discriminant function (Fischer) was produced and a leave-one-out method using separate training and test data was used to assure validity of the results. RESULTS: Patients who subsequently progressed were successfully predicted with moderate success (sensitivity / specificity was 0.77 / 0.88 with ROC area = 0.858). A separate analysis comparing pre- and post-hemorrhage RNFL sector thickness revealed clear evidence of RNFL thinning at the inferior and superior sectors before progression of visual field. The thinning of RNFL thickness was not restricted to regions corresponding to the location of the hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: Wavelet-Fourier analysis can differentiate progressors from non-progressors with moderate accuracy. Comparison to a prior study of this same cohort emphasizes that relatively small regions must be considered (as opposed to larger quadrants) to see these significant changes in RNFL.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Macular symmetry testing for glaucoma detection.

PURPOSE: To evaluate structural asymmetry in the macula using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucomatous eyes with visual field defects localized to one hemifield. METHODS: Complete examination, standard automated perimetry (SAP), and OCT imaging (512 A-scans) of the peripapillary retina and macula were performed. Exclusion criteria were visual acuity <20/40, diseases other than glaucoma, and SAP defects localized to both hemifields. Macular OCT images were obtained using four 5-mm radial scans centered on the foveola and passing obliquely through the macula (15 degrees superotemporally and inferotemporally). Macular measurements temporal to the fovea (T) were sub-divided into nasal (T1) and temporal (T2) segments. Macular symmetry testing (MST) was performed in T, T1, and T2 segments by comparing the mean macular thickness of the perimetrically abnormal and perimetrically normal hemi-zones (macular thickness in perimetrically normal hemi-zone/macular thickness in perimetrically abnormal hemi-zone x 100), and superior and inferior hemi-zones in normal subjects (macular thickness in superior hemi-zone/macular thickness in inferior hemi-zone x 100). MST measurements were considered to be abnormal if they exceeded the 95% limits of normal variability. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 patients (20 normal, 20 glaucoma) were enrolled (mean age 60 +/- 19 years, range 21-89). All eyes with glaucoma had associated hemifield defect (average MD = -7.23 +/- 4.8 dB, range -0.9 to -15.4). In glaucomatous eyes, mean retinal thickness in T, T1, and T2 within the perimetrically abnormal hemi-zone (222 +/- 14 microm, 224+/- 17 microm, 221 +/-13 microm, respectively) was significantly less (P = 0.002, 0.008, 0.001, respectively) than the corresponding segments in the perimetrically normal hemi-zone (235 +/- 17 microm, 237 +/- 18 microm, 233 +/- 17 microm, respectively). Normal eyes showed no difference (P = 0.17, 0.20, 0.35) in T, T1, and T2 measurements within the superior hemi-zone (254 +/- 11, 249 +/- 14, 258 +/- 14) and inferior hemi-zone (252 +/- 11, 250 +/- 13, 255 +/- 13), respectively. MST values in glaucomatous eyes were outside 95% limits of normal variability in 17/20 (85%) T segments, 16 /20 (80%) T1 segments, and 16/20 (80%) T2 segments. CONCLUSION: Localized macular thickness changes exist in glaucomatous eyes with regional visual field loss. The MST may represent a novel strategy for glaucoma diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative assessment of structural damage in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the pattern of structural damage in the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP-VCC) in glaucomatous eyes with localized visual field defects. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional analysis. METHODS: Complete examination, automated achromatic perimetry (AAP), Stratus OCT imaging (512 A-scans) of the peripapillary retina and macula, and SLP-VCC imaging of the peripapillary RNFL were performed. Thickness values in the retinal segments associated with the visual field defect (glaucomatous segments) were compared with corresponding segments across the horizontal raphe (nonglaucomatous segments) and age-matched normal controls. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 patients (20 normal, 20 glaucomatous) were enrolled (mean age, 71 +/- 10 years; range, 50 to 89). Mean RNFL thickness using SLP-VCC and OCT in the nonglaucomatous segments of glaucomatous eyes (54.0 +/- 9.7 microm, 64.7 +/- 19.0 microm) were significantly (P =.009, <0.0001) reduced compared with the thickness measurements in the corresponding segments of age-matched normal subjects (62.5 +/- 9.2 microm, 105.6 +/- 19.0 microm) respectively. No significant (P =.4) differences in the macular thickness measurements were observed between nonglaucomatous (239.0 +/- 19.4 microm) and normal segments (243.5 +/- 15.0 microm). Compared with age-matched controls, RNFL thickness in the nonglaucomatous segment was abnormal in 15 of 20 patients (75%) with SLP-VCC and in 18 of 20 patients (90%) with OCT. Macular thickness in the nonglaucomatous segment was abnormal in 11 of 20 patients (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse RNFL and retinal ganglion cell loss is present in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities. Detection of localized changes in macular thickness is limited by measurement overlap among normal and glaucomatous eyes.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Variation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in normal human subjects.

PURPOSE: The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) exhibits linear birefringence due to the oriented cylindrical structure of ganglion cell axons. The birefringence (Deltan) depends on the density and composition of axonal organelles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of birefringence around the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects. METHODS: Birefringence was calculated along circular scan paths around the ONH as Deltan = R/T, where R is RNFL retardance measured by scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) and T is RNFL thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT scans on a 3.4 mm diameter circle were obtained from 26 normal subjects aged 18 to 53 years. Scans on circles with various diameters were obtained from 17 of these subjects. RESULTS: The average reproducibility of Deltan measured on three separate days in four subjects was +/- 0.05 nm/microm. In most subjects Deltan varied significantly along a circular path around the ONH, with maxima in superior and inferior bundles, minima temporally and nasally, and a mean of 0.32 +/- 0.03 nm/microm. Deltan profiles on circles of different diameter were similar, suggesting that Deltan did not vary along nerve fiber bundles. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL birefringence varies with position around the ONH. This variation may result from known structural differences among nerve fiber bundles that serve different retinal regions. Constant Deltan along bundles is consistent with this hypothesis. Measurements of RNFL birefringence may provide a means to detect early subcellular changes in glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Macular thickness changes in glaucomatous optic neuropathy detected using optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: Complete examination, automated achromatic perimetry, and optical coherence tomography of the peripapillary RNFL and macula were performed. Exclusion criteria were visual acuity of less than 20/40, diseases other than glaucoma, and unreliable automated achromatic perimetry. Macular thickness measurements were generated using 6 radial optical coherence tomographic scans (5.9 mm) centered on the fovea, and mean and quadrantic macular thickness values were calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-nine eyes of 59 patients (29 normal and 30 glaucomatous) were enrolled (mean +/- SD age, 56.7 +/- 20.3 years; range, 20-91 years). All eyes with glaucoma had associated visual field loss (mean +/- SD mean defect, -8.4 +/- 5.8 dB). Mean macular thickness was significantly associated with visual field mean defect (R2 = 0.47; P<.001), pattern standard deviation (R2 = 0.32; P<.001), and mean RNFL thickness (R2 = 0.38; P<.001). In glaucomatous eyes with visual field loss localized to 1 hemifield (n = 11), mean +/- SD macular thickness in the quadrant associated with the field defect (277 +/- 28 micro m) was significantly less (P =.005) than in the unaffected quadrant (286 +/- 27 micro m). Mean RNFL thickness in the affected quadrant (89 +/- 53 micro m) was significantly thinner (P =.009) than in the unaffected quadrant (121 +/- 39 micro m). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean total and quadrantic macular and RNFL thickness measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Macular thickness changes are well correlated with changes in visual function and RNFL structure in glaucoma and may be a surrogate indicator of retinal ganglion cell loss.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation and optical coherence tomography in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between visual function and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements obtained with scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of normal and glaucomatous eyes in a tertiary care academic referral practice. METHODS: A commercial GDx nerve fiber analyzer was modified to enable the measurement of corneal polarization axis and magnitude so that compensation for corneal birefringence was eye specific. Complete examination, SLP with fixed corneal compensation (FCC) and variable corneal compensation (VCC), optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the peripapillary RNFL, and automated achromatic perimetry were performed in all subjects. Exclusion criteria were visual acuity less than 20/40, diseases other than glaucoma, and unreliable perimetry. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients (59 eyes; 29 normal, 30 glaucomatous) were enrolled (mean age, 56.7 +/- 20.3 years, range, 20-91). All eyes with glaucoma had associated visual field loss (average mean defect, -8.4 +/- 5.8 dB). Using SLP-FCC, nine of 12 retardation parameters (75%) were significantly less in glaucomatous eyes. Using SLP-VCC, 11of 12 retardation parameters (92%) were significantly less in glaucomatous eyes. Multiple regression models constructed for each retardation parameter with visual field demonstrated that the following VCC parameters were statistically significant whereas FCC parameters were not: ellipse average (FCC, P =.28, VCC, P =.001), superior average (FCC, P =.38, VCC, P <.001), inferior average (FCC, P =.10, VCC, P =.008), average thickness (FCC, P =.30, VCC, P =.031), and superior integral (FCC, P =.43, VCC, P =.001). Similar results were obtained for multiple regression models constructed with OCT-derived RNFL thickness: ellipse average (FCC, P =.99, VCC, P =.002), superior average (FCC, P =.90, VCC, P <.001), inferior average (FCC, P =.61, VCC, P =.007), and superior integral (FCC, P =.92, VCC, P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with fixed compensation, mean-based SLP parameters generated with SLP-VCC have greater correlation with visual function and RNFL thickness assessments obtained with OCT.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Outcome of surgery on infants younger than 1 month with congenital glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To determine the visual outcomes and surgical and anesthetic complication rates of patients with newborn glaucoma operated within 1 month of age. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: All children with newborn glaucoma who underwent surgery between January 1990 and December 2000 were included. METHODS: The medical records of 25 consecutive patients (47 eyes) who underwent primary combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy either bilaterally in a single session or unilaterally were reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcome assessment included corneal clarity, intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb characteristics, visual acuity, refractive errors, and identification of surgical and anesthetic complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 3.1+/-1.8 years (range, 9.5 months-7.4 years). The mean preoperative IOP was 26.9+/-5.2 mmHg (range, 14-42 mmHg). At the final follow-up visit, the mean IOP was 14.5+/-3.8 mmHg (range, 8-28 mmHg). The percentage reduction in IOP was 43.3+/-21.5 (P<0.0001). Twelve-, 24-, and 36-month survival rates for complete success for IOP control were 89.4%, 83.6%, and 71.7%, respectively, which were maintained for 7 years of follow-up. After surgery, complete clearance of corneal edema was achieved in 66% of the eyes. Data on visual acuity was available for 19 patients. Final best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in the better eye in 5 patients (26.3%), 7 patients (36.8%) obtained 20/60 or better in the better eye, 8 patients (42.1%) achieved final visual acuity of less than 20/60 to 20/200 in the better eye (low vision), and four patients obtained less than 20/400 visual acuity in the better eye (blind) according to World Health Organization criteria. However, there was no eye with absent perception of light in the better eye. Myopia (mean spherical equivalent, 4.6+/-3.2 diopters) was the most common refractive error, present in approximately half of the eyes (n = 23; 53.8%). There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications in any patient. Anesthesia-related complications developed in 2 patients; however, they were resuscitated successfully. CONCLUSIONS: Primary combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy offers a viable surgical option in infants that have cloudy corneas at birth as a result of congenital glaucoma. It is associated with a favorable visual outcome and a low rate of anesthetic complications in an Indian population.

Cornea↗
PubMed2003

Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation: identification and correction for corneal birefringence in eyes with macular disease.

PURPOSE: In scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC), the macula is used as an intraocular polarimeter to calculate and neutralize corneal birefringence based on an intact Henle's layer. The purpose of this investigation was to validate this strategy in eyes with macular structural disease. METHODS: A nerve fiber analyzer was modified to enable the measurement of corneal polarization axis and magnitude so that compensation for corneal birefringence was eye specific. Normal subjects and patients with a variety of pathologic macular conditions underwent complete ocular examination, SLP-VCC, and direct measurement of the corneal polarization axis (CPA), with a slit-lamp-mounted corneal polarimeter. Macular birefringence patterns were classified as well defined, weak, or indeterminate bow ties. A new "screen" method is described that determines the anterior segment birefringence without relying on the presence of macular bow-tie patterns. RESULTS: Forty-seven eyes (20 normal, 27 with maculopathy) of 47 patients (mean age, 59.0 +/- 19.0 years; range, 24-88) were enrolled. The correlation between CPA measured with corneal polarimetry (CPA by P(IV) [fourth Purkinje image]) and SLP-VCC was less in eyes with macular disease (R(2) = 0.22, P = 0.024) compared with normal eyes (R(2) = 0.72, P < 0.0001). Eyes with macular disease had significantly (P = 0.007) more indeterminate macular bow ties (8/27; 29%) than did normal eyes (0/20). The magnitude of difference between CPA by P(IV) and CPA by SLP-VCC was significantly (P = 0.0007) greater in eyes with indeterminate bow-tie patterns than in weak and well-defined patterns. Although no relationship was observed between CPA and 12 retardation parameters obtained with SLP-VCC in normal eyes (P > 0.05), eyes with macular disease showed a significant association between CPA and average thickness (R(2) = 0.27, P = 0.005), ellipse average (R(2) = 0.24, P = 0.0085), superior average (R(2) = 0.24, P = 0.009), inferior average (R(2) = 0.28, P = 0.004), and superior integral (R(2) = 0.37, P = 0.0008), suggesting incomplete corneal compensation. Greater correlation between CPA by P(IV) and CPA derived by SLP-VCC was found by using the screen method (R(2) = 0.83, P < 0.0001) compared with the bow-tie method (R(2) = 0.22, P = 0.024) in eyes with maculopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Macular strategies for neutralization of corneal birefringence using SLP-VCC can fail if Henle's layer is disrupted by macular disease. The screen method provides a more robust measure of the anterior segment birefringence in some eyes with macular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Pupillary block glaucoma following implantation of a posterior chamber pseudophakos in the anterior chamber.

Pupillary block glaucoma is a common complication of cataract surgery, especially following anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. We report a case of pupillary block glaucoma with a posterior chamber IOL that was implanted in the anterior chamber following a complicated extracapsular cataract extraction. The case was successfully managed by explantation of the posterior chamber lens, anterior vitrectomy, peripheral iridectomy and secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The intraocular pressure was controlled with a single topical antiglaucoma medication.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood flow studies and serological testing in the diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and serologic abnormalities in a pilot study among patients with glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All subjects underwent complete eye examination, standard automated perimetry, carotid Doppler ultrasonography, serum laboratory testing, and scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF). Subjects were subdivided into two groups based on glaucoma subtype (normal-tension vs primary open-angle glaucoma) and severity (mild vs moderate-advanced). RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with associated glaucomatous visual field loss were enrolled. No significant differences in age, gender, intraocular pressure, systemic comorbidity, number of antiglaucoma medications, and prior filtration surgery were observed between the groups based on the type and severity of glaucoma. The prevalence of clinically significant (> 70%) carotid stenosis, mean peripapillary blood flow assessed by SLDF, mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, and positive FTA-ABS was similar in both groups. Severity of glaucomatous damage as determined by visual field mean defect did not correlate with the degree of carotid artery stenosis (R2 < 0.0001, P = .99) or peripapillary blood flow derived from mean SLDF (R2 = 0.0005, P = .92). CONCLUSION: Data from this pilot study demonstrate that the prevalence of hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and serologic abnormalities are similar in patients with normal-tension and primary open-angle glaucoma, and do not correlate with glaucoma severity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical variables associated with glaucomatous injury in eyes with large optic disc cupping.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To characterize the range of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and standard automated perimetry damage in eyes with large vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Complete examination, standard automated perimetry, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the RNFL and optic nerve head were performed. Large VCDR was defined as > or = 0.80 using stereoscopic disc examination and OCT optic nerve head analysis. Structural and functional characteristics were assessed separately in eyes with a disc area of less than 2 mm2, 2 to 2.5 mm2 and greater than 2.5 mm2. RESULTS: Fifty-seven eyes of 57 subjects were enrolled. A broad range in mean deviation (2.0 to -32.8 dB) and mean RNFL thickness with OCT (24.3-100.4 microm) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (24.0-61.7 microm) was identified. Predictors of standard automated perimetry severity using multiple linear regression were mean RNFL thickness using OCT (P = .001) and scanning laser polarimetry (P = .001), OCT-vertical cup diameter (P = .003), temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, temporal standard deviation (P = .03), and OCT-disc area (P = .04). Eyes with an OCT-disc area of less than 2 mm2 demonstrated significantly greater standard automated perimetry damage, RNFL loss using OCT and scanning laser polarimetry, and OCT-rim area (P = .002, .0007, .03, and < .0001, respectively) compared with eyes with a disc area of greater than 2.5 mm2. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with large VCDR have a wide range of RNFL atrophy and standard automated perimetry damage. Small optic discs are associated with more advanced glaucomatous injury.

Adult↗