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Harvey J Kliman

Publications and source records attributed to Harvey J Kliman.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Placental trophoblast inclusions in autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: Microscopic examination of placental tissue may provide a route to assessing risk and understanding underlying biology of autism. METHODS: Occurrence of a distinctive microscopic placental morphological abnormality, the trophoblast inclusion, was assessed using archived placental tissue. The rate of occurrence of trophoblast inclusion-positive slides observed for 13 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was compared to the rate in an anonymous consecutive birth cohort. RESULTS: The occurrence of inclusion positive slides was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the control group (6/27 slides, 22.2% vs. 12/154, 7.8%; Fisher Exact Test, two-tailed p = .033; relative risk 2.85). The proportion of positive cases was also greater in the ASD group (5/13 cases, 38.5% vs. 8/61, 13.1%; Fisher Exact, two-tailed p = .044; relative risk 2.93). Behavioral severity scores did not differ across groups of inclusion positive (N = 4) and negative (N = 8) ASD individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Although probably not functionally detrimental or causative, the greater occurrence of placental trophoblast inclusions observed in ASD individuals may reflect altered early developmental processes. Further research is required to replicate the basic finding, to understand the basis for the trophoblastic abnormality, and to determine the utility of the measure in early detection of ASD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Mouse ascites Golgi mucin expression abnormalities in natural cycle endometrial biopsies predict subsequent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) failure in patients with previous IVF-ET failures.

We performed a double-blinded retrospective cohort study to determine whether endometrial expression of mouse ascites Golgi mucin in a natural, unmedicated cycle predicts subsequent IVF-ET outcome among women with prior IVF-ET failure and poor pre-embryo quality. We found a statistically significant decrease in clinical pregnancy rate among women with abnormal mouse ascites Golgi expression, a test which was found to have high positive predictive value for failed IVF-ET.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2004

HOXA10, Pbx2, and Meis1 protein expression in the human endometrium: formation of multimeric complexes on HOXA10 target genes.

HOXA10 is a transcription factor necessary for embryonic uterine development and for adult endometrial receptivity. The three-amino acid loop extension family of cofactors, including Pbx and Meis, provide HOX target gene specificity in development and myeloid differentiation. Here we demonstrate the expression of Pbx and Meis family cofactors in the human endometrium and their interaction with HOXA10. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we found that Pbx2 and Meis1, but not Pbx1, Pbx3, or Meis2, were expressed in human endometrium. HOXA10, Pbx2, and Meis1 were expressed in the stroma throughout the menstrual cycle. The glandular expression of HOXA10 and Meis1 was menstrual cycle stage specific, whereas glandular Pbx2 expression did not vary. Pbx2, but not Meis1, was expressed in Ishikawa cells. EMSA demonstrated HOXA10-Pbx2 binding as a heterodimer to an enhancer of the EMX2 gene, a known target of HOXA10 regulation. Ablation of the Pbx binding site, but not ablation of the HOXA10 binding site in EMX2, resulted in loss of dimer binding. Based on the observed expression and binding patterns of Pbx2, Meis1, and HOXA10, it is likely that heterodimeric and trimeric complexes involving these proteins determine HOXA10 target gene specificity. Enhanced target gene specificity imparted by multimer binding is likely necessary for HOXA10-mediated endometrial receptivity.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2004

A computational model of the mechanics of growth of the villous trophoblast bilayer.

We present a computational model of the mechanics of growth of the trophoblast bilayer in a chorionic villous, the basic structure of the placenta. The placental trophoblast is modeled as a collection of elastic neutrally buoyant membranes (mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast) filled with a viscous, incompressible fluid (cytoplasm) with sources of growth located inside cells. We show how this complex, dynamic fluid-based structure can be modeled successfully using the immersed boundary method. The results of our research presented here include simulations of two processes-cell proliferation and cell fusion which both play a crucial role in the growth and development of the trophoblast tissue. We present the computed results of simulations of both processes running independently as well as simultaneously, along with comparisons with clinically obtained results.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2003

Improved endometrial assessment using cyclin E and p27.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endometrial expression of cyclin E and p27 in fertile and infertile women. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: University medical center and private practice. PATIENT(S): Thirty-three fertile volunteers, 83 women seeking infertility treatment, and 23 women undergoing mock cycles. INTERVENTION(S): Endometrial biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cyclin E and p27 immunohistochemistry. RESULT(S): Glandular cyclin E and p27 expression dramatically changed in intensity and subcellular localization throughout the menstrual cycle. In normal control biopsies, glandular cyclin E progressed from the basal to the lateral cytoplasm (midproliferative phase) to the nucleus (days 18 to 19) and was absent in biopsies after day 20. First appearing on days 17 to 19, p27 was found only in the nuclei. Cyclin E was more frequently seen after day 20 in infertility patients. In the hyperstimulated cycles, staining for cycle E in proliferative samples was more intense than in the natural cycles, but p27 staining was unchanged. CONCLUSION(S): Cyclin E and p27 may be clinically useful markers of development in the endometrium. As cell cycle regulators, cyclins reveal underlying biochemical processes driving endometrial progression and may partly represent the means by which estrogen and progesterone regulate this dynamic tissue.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

Sexual activity, orgasm and tampon use are associated with a decreased risk for endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine if sexual behaviors, orgasm, tampon use, and douching during menstruation modify the risk of endometriosis. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Subjects (n = 2,012) consisted of members of the Endometriosis Association and friends not affiliated with the organization who completed mailed surveys. Data were analyzed using chi(2), Fisher's exact test, t test, and regression analyses. RESULTS: There was no difference between study groups concerning douching practices. However, cases were less likely than controls to report sometimes or often engaging in sexual behaviors during menstruation (p = 0.002, OR = 1.5), and sexual behaviors during menstruation that included orgasm (p = 0.001, OR = 1.5). Cases were also less likely than controls to report using only tampons (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.6). CONCLUSION: Sexual activity, orgasm, and tampon use during menstruation may confer protection against endometriosis.

Adult↗