Biomedical subjects

Hideaki Sakata

Publications and source records attributed to Hideaki Sakata.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Sleep disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia. Part 2. Relationship with craniofacial and airway morphology.

We evaluated the craniofacial and airway morphology in children with achondroplasia complicated by snoring and apnea during sleep (AP group) in comparison with children with snoring and apnea during sleep without chromosomal aberrations (adenoid group) and healthy children without sleep disordered breathing or malalignment (healthy group). Lateral cephalograms in 10 children each (four males and six females) in the three groups were analyzed. When the AP and healthy groups were compared, the AP group showed significantly lower values for facial depth, nasal floor length, point A, point pog, and saddle angle (p<0.01) and significantly higher values for mandibular plane angle and gonial angle (p<0.01) regarding craniofacial morphology and significantly lower values for D-AD1, D-AD2, and upper pharynx (p<0.01) regarding airway morphology. When the AP and adenoid groups were compared, the AP group showed significantly lower values for facial depth, nasal floor length, point A, point pog, and saddle angle (p<0.01) and significantly higher values for mandibular plane angle and gonial angle (p<0.01) regarding craniofacial morphology and significantly lower values for D-AD1, D-AD2, and upper pharynx (p<0.05) regarding airway morphology. Thus, the craniofacial/airway morphology in the AP group was characterized by upper airway stenosis, a retruded position of the chin, and an increased mandibular plane angle due to partial early ossification of cranial bones, and an increased lower facial height due to an increased mandibular angle, which may tend to induce sleep snoring and apnea.

Achondroplasia↗

PubMed2005

Pathological findings in the temporal bone of newborn infants with neonatal asphyxia.

Hypoxia in adults frequently causes damage to the brain, but not the inner ear. However, hypoxia in neonates with inadequate blood-inner ear barrier function causes damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss and equilibration disorder. Clinically, asphyxiated neonates sometimes have the complication of sensorineural hearing impairment at high frequencies. Many reports suggest that this problem is caused by hypoxic encephalopathy. However, it is not clear whether inner ear disorders are present. In this report we examined the inner ear pathology of four asphyxiated neonates using serial sections of temporal bone. The subjects (n=4) were 1-13-day-old neonates with pregnancy periods of 24-36 weeks. Their fetal growth curves were within the normal range. There was one case each of twin pregnancy, placental abruption, placenta previa and meconium aspiration syndrome. For the case of severe neonatal asphyxia, damage to the inner ear included the degeneration and disappearance of outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and edematous changes in the stria vascularis. Degeneration of spiral ganglion and vestibular ganglion cells was observed in two of the other cases.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗

PubMed2004

Survey of the present status of sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia Part I. A questionnaire survey.

An achondroplasia is known to be the inherited disease causing a growth impairment of limb bones. Recently, as a symptom of achondroplasia, a sleep-disordered breathing has been reported. Considering the scientific evidence that the sleep-disordered breathing in children such as that due to tonsillar hypertrophy inhibits somatotropin secretion and causes growth retardation, sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia may aggravate growth/developmental retardation in addition to the bone growth impairment. However, the present status of the development of sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia has been unknown. Therefore, in order to clarify the present status of sleep-disordered breathing in children with achondroplasia (AP group), we carried out a questionnaire survey of the breathing state during sleep, growth/development history and the oral state at preschool age and school age in the AP group, and compared the results with previously reported data in healthy children (control group). 1. Among the questionnaire items, the incidences of snoring, apnea, mouth breathing, anterior cross bite, and open bite at preschool age were significantly higher in the AP group than in the control group (P < 0.01) At school age, the AP group showed significantly higher incidences of mouth breathing and cross/open bite (P < 0.01) and snoring and apnea (P < 0.05) than the control group. 2. Height and weight at birth and at the ages of 1.5 and 3 years, excluding birth weight, were significantly lower in the AP group than in the control group (P < 0.01). 3. The chronological age at the initiation of eruption of the deciduous or permanent teeth did not significantly differ between the two groups. Thus, the AP group showed higher incidences of sleep-disordered breathing and malocclusion than the control group, and development of sleep-disordered breathing at preschool age.

Achondroplasia↗

PubMed2004

Temporal bone pathology in hydrocephalus: changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure.

Changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure have not yet been clearly defined. We present a postmortem temporal bone study of child with hydrocephalus. The temporal bone was from a 2-year-old female with IVth ventricle ependymoblastoma. In the basal turn of the cochlea, degeneration of the organ of Corti and the nerve ganglion was observed. In the top and middle turn, structures were intact. The utricle and saccule were well preserved. We propose that changes in the inner ear due to increased intracranial pressure begin in the base of the cochlea, and extend to the apex in decreasing degree.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

Pitfalls in which otolaryngologists often are caught in the diagnosis and treatment of vertigo.

We have been clinically treating vertigo patients for the last 45 years. As is well-known, vertigo is not a simple otolaryngological disease. In fact, it is associated with various diseases in various clinical fields, including internal medicine, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology. As otolaryngologists, we have learned a few lessons from our experiences with patients having vertigo and in working with other otolaryngologists. Here, we discuss and share pitfalls in which otolaryngologists often are caught in diagnosing and treating vertigo.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Motion sickness: its pathophysiology and treatment.

The pathogenesis of motion sickness includes both inner-ear stimulation by body movement, especially a Coriolis-type stimulus, and optokinetic stimulation due to the shift of the surrounding visual fields. According to Kornhuber, Sakata and others, the vestibular cerebellum also participates in an important way. We conducted this study to elucidate the influence of the vestibular cerebellum on the development of motion sickness. We initially focused attention on the visual suppression test of Takemori et al. as a test for vestibular cerebellar function. We reported a modification of this test, described as postrotatoric nystagmus. We employed this test as a rotatoric visual suppression test using milder stimulus for patients complaining of motion sickness. The pathogenesis and treatment of motion sickness are also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Absence of facial type differences among preschool children with sleep-related breathing disorder.

The aim of this study was to find out whether there are specific facial types and a specific hyoid bone position in preschool children with sleep-related breathing disorder (SBD). A total of 69 children were divided into 4 groups based on the mandibular line/Frankfurt horizontal angle and apnea index. There were 19 children with hyperdivergent facial type and SBD and 19 children with neutral facial type and SBD, all of them with documented 0 < AI < 5. Ten children had hyperdivergent facial type and non-SBD, and 21 children neutral facial type and non-SBD. The present findings show that SBD may be associated with both hyperdivergent and neutral facial type. Furthermore, we could not find any specific hyoid bone position related to SBD, non-SBD, or to facial type. In conclusion, it is important to note that while evaluation based on facial type (mandibular shape or position) does not necessarily distinguish between children with SBD and children without SBD (non-SBD), important differences are found in the pharynx. Short nasal floor length, long soft palate, and particularly short upper pharyngeal width can be considered indicators of SBD.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2003

Persistent continuous dizziness: pathophysiology and treatment.

Persistent blurred vision and oscillopsia have a negative impact on quality of life, and the burden of these symptoms is more severe than that of rotationally vertiginous attack. We doctors should take patients' pain as our own and treat them accordingly. However, because these cases are rather rare in daily clinical experience, in reality we tend to treat these patients as neurosis cases and send the patients home without providing adequate care. We conducted a retrospective study involving 182 recently treated clinical cases and found that "jumbling of objects," which is thought to be caused by bilateral peripheral vestibular lesions, was more often observed in patients with central vestibular lesions. We named this the pseudo-Dandy phenomenon. In this study, we discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of this pseudo-Dandy phenomenon.

Dizziness↗