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Biomedical subjects

Hideoki Ogawa

Publications and source records attributed to Hideoki Ogawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Case reports and literature review: the association between reactivation of human herpes virus-6 and peripheral white blood cell count in patients with carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome.

Eruptions induced by anticonvulsants can often be experienced clinically, and the clinical diagnosis of "drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (HS)" was proposed to characterize these drug eruptions. Reactivation of human herpes virus-6 seems to be an integral component of HS. Previously, we experienced two cases of carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant) induced HS and both cases did not show a reactivation of human herpes virus-6 infection (no elevation of anti-human herpes virus-6 IgG titres). The features of these two cases were compared with other reported cases that presented HS with the reactivation of human herpes virus-6. In the early phase of HS, a change in peripheral white blood cell count seems to be important and could be used as an indicator to predict whether late phase HS with reactivation of human herpes virus-6 will occur, since the increase in white blood cell count is seen before the increase in anti-human herpes virus-6 titres. Reactivation of human herpes virus-6 may cause severe clinical symptoms such as encephalitis. When an increase in white blood cells are observed in HS cases at onset, immediate discontinuation of cause drug and intensive care are necessary to avoid the more severe symptoms of HS.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Glycosylation of recombinant proforms of major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 decelerates the speed of maturation.

BACKGROUND: The efficient manufacture of recombinant Der p 1 and Der f 1 has been an important bottleneck in the study of house dust mite allergies and the development of applications for allergen engineering. While Der f 1 has only one N-glycosylation motif in the mature sequence, Der p 1 has two motifs, one in the prosequence and the other in the mature sequence. To test whether inefficient maturation of a recombinant Pro-Der p 1 versus Pro-Der f 1 is due to N-glycosylation, the maturation speed of N-glycosylation motif mutants was compared. METHODS: Expression vectors for the mutants, in which the motif in the Der p 1 prodomain was disrupted or a motif was created within the Der f 1 prodomain, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of preproforms with or without the motif within the mature portion. Culture supernatants of yeast Pichia pastoris transfectant cells containing proforms were buffer exchanged by gel filtration and incubated for maturation. Samples from the reactions were collected every 20 min and subjected to electrophoresis. The maturation speed was compared based on the band densities of the pro- and mature forms. RESULTS: Disruption of the motif in the mature portion decreased the productivity and accelerated the maturation. Maturation was also accelerated by disruption of the other motif in the Der p 1 prodomain and slowed down by introduction of the motif into the Der f 1 prodomain. CONCLUSIONS: Maturation systems using Pro-Der p 1 without the prodomain glycosylation are useful for the efficient preparation of a recombinant mature allergen. In addition, these results demonstrated that the maturation of cysteine protease could be controlled through glycosylation of the prodomain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Molecular characterization of a germ-cell-specific antigen, TEX101, from mouse testis.

TEX101, a glycoprotein we recently identified, is primarily characterized as a unique germ-cell-specific marker protein that shows sexually dimorphic expression during mouse gonad development. Based on data obtained from molecular biological as well as immuno-morphological studies, we believe this molecule may play a role in the process underlying germ cell formation. However, many points remain unclear as the molecular characteristics and its physiological functions are far from being completely understood. To clarify the molecular basis of TEX101, we herein report a further biochemical characterization of the molecule using testicular Triton X-100 extracts from mice. Deglycosylation studies using endoglycohydrolases that delete N-linked oligosaccharides (OS) from the molecule show that TEX101 is highly (approximately 47%) N-glycosylated. All potential N-glycosylation sites within TEX101 are glycosylated and most of these sites are occupied by endoglycosidase F2-sensitive biantennary complex type OS units. In addition, an extremely low population among TEX101 possesses only endoglycosidase H-sensitive hybrid type OS units. In studies using phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C against native testicular cells or TEX101 transfectant, the enzyme treatment caused major reduction of the TEX101 expression on the cell, suggesting that TEX101, at least in part, is expressed as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Taken together, these findings will help elucidate the molecular nature of TEX101, a marker molecule that appeared on germ cells during gametogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A case of diffuse plane normolipemic xanthomatosis associated with pancytopenia and monoclonal gammopathy.

We report a case of diffuse plane normolipemic xanthomatosis (DPNX) which showed poorly demarcated, uncommon, yellow macules symmetrically distributed on the nape, axillae and inguinal folds accompanied by severe, persistent itching. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies of skin biopsy specimens revealed the existence of some foamy cells and the deposition of neutral fat in the upper papillary dermis. Laboratory investigations and bone marrow aspirate smears showed that our patient had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with pancytopenia and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Because our patient had neither a malignant hematological disorder nor a severe systemic disease, monoclonal gammopathy might explain the pathogenesis of DPNX in the present case.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Clinical trial of a laser device called fractional photothermolysis system for acne scars.

Ablative laser resurfacing is an effective treatment for acne scars. However, edema and prolonged erythema are common. Additionally, scarring and hyperpigmentation are often induced. A new concept of laser called fractional photothermolysis has been designed to create microscopic thermal wounds to achieve skin rejuvenation without significant side-effects. We treated 10 patients with acne scars using this laser system (Reliant Fraxel SR Laser). All the patients were successfully treated with minimal adverse effects. The fractional photothermolysis system represents an optional method for the treatment of acne scars.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Psoriasiform and palmoplanter pustular lesions induced after Kawasaki disease.

A 7-month-old boy was referred to us because of psoriatic lesions on the bilateral cheeks and on the extensor region of the left upper arm at the same site of his vaccination for tuberculosis 4 months previously (Fig. 1a,b). He also presented with small pustules scattered on the palms and soles (Fig. 1c).

Epidermis↗
PubMed2006

A comparative clinical study between 2 weeks of luliconazole 1% cream treatment and 4 weeks of bifonazole 1% cream treatment for tinea pedis.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of luliconazole 1% cream and bifonazole 1% cream as applied in the treatment of tinea pedis (interdigital-type and plantar-type). A multi-clinic, randomised single-blind, parallel group study with 34 hospitals and 11 clinics formed the study design. Five hundred and eleven patients with mycologically confirmed tinea pedis were included. Of the 489 evaluable patients, 247 were randomised to luliconazole, and 242 to bifonazole. Luliconazole 1% cream applied once a day for 2 weeks, followed by a placebo cream for 2 weeks, thereafter. Bifonazole 1% cream applied once a day for 4 weeks. Mycological effect (negative result on microscopy) and improvement of skin lesions were measured at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4. Safety frequency and severity of adverse reactions were also measured. The improvement of skin lesions after 4 weeks was comparably good with rates of 91.5% vs. 91.7% (luliconazole vs. bifonazole). The mycological effect was characterised by high negative rates of 76.1% vs. 75.9% (luliconazole vs. bifonazole). The progression of tinea-related signs and symptom scores differed insignificantly between evaluated luliconazole and bifonazole treatment groups comprising a total of 500 patients. Both substances appeared to be comparably safe and well-tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Hair restoration surgery in patients with pubic atrichosis or hypotrichosis: review of technique and clinical consideration of 507 cases.

BACKGROUND: Pubic atrichosis or hypotrichosis is a common condition in Korean women of Mongolian origin. This results in many patients receiving hair restoration surgery, which is currently thought to be the only definitive therapy. OBJECTIVE: To pursue more natural and realistic-appearing results, to define patient characteristics, and to estimate the survival rate of transplanted pubic hair through restoration surgery, we examined our cases of pubic hair restoration surgery with single-hair grafts. METHODS: We selected 507 patients with pubic atrichosis or hypotrichosis who visited for pubic hair transplantation between March 1, 2001, and February 28, 2005. We reviewed the medical charts of the 507 patients and performed statistical analysis. We also carried out a detailed evaluation of our surgical technique to 100 patients. In addition, 20 patients, who agreed to participate in the study for survival rate, had received transplantation of 40 hairs in a 1.5 x 1.5-cm area after the angular points were tattooed. The number of hairs grown after 1 year of transplantation was counted in each case. RESULTS: Among the 507 subjects, 169(33.3%) were in their 40s. The mean (+/-SD) patient age was 41.3+/-10.8 years. Of these, 115 patients (22.7%) had pubic atrichosis, and 392 patients (77.3%) had pubic hypotrichosis. In addition, 81.7% of atrichosis patients had a family history of atrichosis or hypotrichosis. Pubic atrichosis accompanied axillary atrichosis or hypotrichosis in 60.0 and 38.2% of the cases, respectively. The most common reason for the hair restorative procedure was the subject's sense of inferiority to the same sex (73.8%). The mean number of transplanted hairs was 929.3+/-76.6. The most common design pattern that we used was modified horizontal type (87.0%). The mean survival rate of single-hair grafts on the pubis was 73.6+/-7.6%. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that pubic hair transplantation surgery is a suitable cosmetic procedure to address the inferiority complex of patients with pubic atrichosis or hypotrichosis. Knowledge of natural pubic pattern and normal physiologic features is essential to create a natural and realistic appearance in a given subject.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

TWEAK/Fn14 interaction regulates RANTES production, BMP-2-induced differentiation, and RANKL expression in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the TNF family, is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, migration, and survival principally through a TWEAK receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14). However, its physiological roles in bone are largely unknown. We herein report various effects of TWEAK on mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells expressed Fn14 and produced RANTES (regulated upon activation, healthy T cell expressed and secreted) upon TWEAK stimulation through PI3K-Akt, but not nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), pathway. In addition, TWEAK inhibited bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Erk pathway. Furthermore, TWEAK upregulated RANKL (receptor activation of NF-kappaB ligand) expression through MAPK Erk pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. All these effects of TWEAK on MC3T3-E1 cells were abolished by mouse Fn14-Fc chimera. We also found significant TWEAK mRNA or protein expression in osteoblast- and osteoclast-lineage cell lines or the mouse bone tissue, respectively. Finally, we showed that human osteoblasts expressed Fn14 and induced RANTES and RANKL upon TWEAK stimulation. Collectively, TWEAK/Fn14 interaction regulates RANTES production, BMP-2-induced differentiation, and RANKL expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. TWEAK may thus be a novel cytokine that regulates several aspects of osteoblast function.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of proteinase, lipase and alpha-glucosidase activities from the clinical isolates of Candida species.

Proteinase, lipase and alpha-glucosidase activity in 81 clinically isolated Candida strains grown in nutrient-restricted media were comparatively measured, and the correlation between inducible enzyme activity and fungal growth was analyzed. Enzyme activity was assayed by colorimetric methods. Extracellular proteinase activity was significantly higher in Candida albicans, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Extracellular lipase activity was observed in all 6 Candida spp. in the descending order of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Cell surface alpha-glucosidase activity was significantly higher in C. tropicalis, C. albicans, and C. parapsilosis, but was not detected in the other three species. A relatively strong correlation was observed between proteinase activity and fungal growth (correlation coefficient: 0.72); a mild correlation was observed between lipase activity and fungal growth (0.55); and a slight correlation was observed between alpha-glucosidase activity and fungal growth (0.32). There was no correlation among the strains in the activity levels of the three enzymes. These results suggest that pathogenic fungi produce larger amounts of inducible hydrolytic enzymes, and that proteinase is most likely to be related to fungal growth in nutrient-restricted conditions.

Candida↗
PubMed2005

Effects of arachidonic acid analogs on FcepsilonRI-mediated activation of mast cells.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (AA) have been shown to modulate a number of inflammatory disorders. Mast cells play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory responses. However, the effects of PUFAs on mast cell functions have not been fully addressed. We here-in examined the effects of PUFAs on the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI)-mediated mast cell activation using RBL-2H3 cells, a rat mast cell line, that were cultured in the medium containing palmitic acid (PA), AA, or the AA analogs mead acid (MA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In AA-supplemented cells, the FcepsilonRI-mediated beta-hexosamidase and TNF-alpha release, calcium (Ca(2+)) influx, and some protein tyrosine phosphorylations including Syk and linker for activation of T cells (LAT) were enhanced, whereas, in MA- or PA-supplemented cells, they were not changed when compared with cells cultured in control medium. In EPA-supplemented cells, the enhancements of beta-hexosamidase release and protein tyrosine phosphorylations were observed. Furthermore, in AA- or EPA-supplemented cells, FcepsilonRI-mediated intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is required for the tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and Ca(2+) influx were enhanced when compared with the other cells. Thus, preincubation of AA or EPA augmented FcepsilonRI-mediated degranulation in mast cells by affecting early events of FcepsilonRI signal transduction, which might be associated with the change of fatty acid composition of the cell membrane and enhanced production of ROS. The results suggest that some PUFAs can modulate FcepsilonRI-mediated mast cell activation and might affect FcepsilonRI/mast cell-mediated inflammation, such as allergic reaction.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed2005

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes neovascularization by releasing vascular endothelial growth factor from neutrophils.

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes angiogenesis. However, the exact mechanism is not known. We demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was released by Gr-1+CD11b- neutrophils but not Gr-1-CD11b+ monocytes prestimulated with G-CSF in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, in vivo, concomitant with an increase in neutrophil numbers in circulation, G-CSF augmented plasma VEGF level in vivo. Local G-CSF administration into ischemic tissue increased capillary density and provided a functional vasculature and contributed to neovascularization of ischemic tissue. Blockade of the VEGF pathway abrogated G-CSF-induced angiogenesis. On the other hand, as we had shown previously, VEGF can induce endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization. Here, we show that G-CSF also augmented the number of circulating VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) EPCs as compared with untreated controls. Blocking the VEGF/VEGFR1, but to a much lesser extent, the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway in G-CSF-treated animals delayed tissue revascularization in a hindlimb model. These data clearly show that G-CSF modulates angiogenesis by increasing myelomonocytic cells (VEGFR1+ neutrophils) and their release of VEGF. Our results indicated that administration of G-CSF into ischemic tissue provides a novel and safe therapeutic strategy to improve neovascularization.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Protective roles of the skin against infection: implication of naturally occurring human antimicrobial agents beta-defensins, cathelicidin LL-37 and lysozyme.

Beside its physical barrier against invading microorganisms, the skin has the ability to produce a number of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, including human beta-defensins, cathelicidin LL-37 and lysozyme that participate in the innate host defense. These antimicrobial agents are strongly active against a wide spectrum of various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Thus, antimicrobial agents are proposed to be promising candidates for innovative anti-infective drugs, and some antimicrobial peptides are currently used in clinical trials for treatment of various skin infections. In addition to their direct antimicrobial functions against invading pathogenic microorganisms, antimicrobial agents have also multiple roles as mediators of inflammation with the effects on epithelial and inflammatory cells, influencing cell proliferation, wound healing, cytokine/chemokine production and chemotaxis. This review describes the biology of these antimicrobial molecules and discusses their structure, expression and functions. Understanding the actions of antimicrobial agents in skin will provide further insight into the mechanism of innate cutaneous disease control, and yield novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of skin disorders.

Amino Acid Sequence↗