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Biomedical subjects

Hidetoshi Tsukamoto

Publications and source records attributed to Hidetoshi Tsukamoto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

High glucose concentration induces elevated expression of anti-oxidant and proteolytic enzymes in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

We investigated the differential protein expression patterns of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to increased glucose concentrations. Cultured human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed for 4 days with normal blood glucose concentration (5.5 mM D-glucose), followed by exposure to either normal (5.5 mM) or high (33 mM) concentrations of D-glucose for 48h. Protein extracts of glucose-treated RPE cells were then subjected to comparative proteome analysis based on 2-D gel electrophoresis. Protein spots were visualized by silver staining. The differentially expressed proteins were excised and digested in-gel with trypsin, then analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The expression levels of cathepsin B, glutathione peroxidase and heat shock protein 27 were increased, and that of protein disulfide isomerase decreased in high glucose treated RPE compared to normal glucose. The isoelectric point of copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) shifted toward acidic region in response to high glucose. Cu/Zn-SOD activity in high glucose group was significantly lower than that in normal glucose group (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Systematic survey of protein expression has revealed that RPE cells respond to acute, pathologically high glucose levels by the elevated expression of anti-oxidant and proteolytic enzymes.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2005

Intravitreal levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 are correlated with macular edema in branch retinal vein occlusion.

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) contributes to the pathogenesis of macular edema in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), the correlations between these factors were investigated. METHODS: We studied 25 patients suffering from macular edema with BRVO and 14 patients with nonischemic ocular disease (control group). The degree of retinal ischemia was evaluated in terms of the area of capillary nonperfusion using Scion Images, and the severity of macular edema was examined using optical coherence tomography. Vitreous fluid samples were obtained at the time of vitreoretinal surgery, and VEGF and IL-6 levels in the vitreous fluid and plasma were determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Vitreous fluid levels of VEGF and IL-6 were significantly elevated in patients with BRVO compared with control patients (P = 0.0011 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Also, the vitreous level of VEGF was significantly correlated with that of IL-6 (P = 0.0012), and vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 were correlated with the size of the BRVO nonperfusion area (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0033, respectively). Furthermore, vitreous levels of VEGF and IL-6 were correlated with the severity of macular edema (P = 0.0008 and P = 0.0191, respectively) and the severity of macular edema of BRVO was significantly correlated with the size of the BRVO nonperfusion area (P=0.0044). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of VEGF and IL-6 are increased in patients with macular edema with BRVO and are significantly correlated with the size of the nonperfusion area and the severity of macular edema. Therefore, they may play a role in macular edema with BRVO.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed2005

Pathogenesis of macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion and intraocular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6.

PURPOSE: To determine whether correlations between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the pathogenesis of macular edema in eyes of patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: Nineteen patients with macular edema with BRVO and seven patients with non-ischemic ocular disease (control group) were studied. The degree of retinal ischemia was evaluated in terms of the area of capillary non-perfusion, and the severity of macular edema was examined by optical coherence tomography. Aqueous humor samples were obtained at the time of combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery, and VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Aqueous levels of VEGF (351 +/- 273 pg/ml) and IL-6 (7.10 +/- 6.51 pg/ml) were significantly elevated in patients with BRVO compared with the control patients (119 +/- 38.7 pg/ml and 2.27 +/- 1.11 pg/ml, respectively) (P = .0017 and P = .0052, respectively). Aqueous level of VEGF was significantly correlated with that of IL-6 (P = .0396), and aqueous levels of VEGF and IL-6 were correlated with the size of the BRVO non-perfused area (P < .0001 and P = .0331, respectively). Aqueous level of VEGF was correlated with the severity of macular edema (P = .0306). CONCLUSIONS: VEGF and IL-6 may be involved in the pathogenesis of macular edema with BRVO. The increase in these cytokines might be used as a unique index of BRVO, through which we can determine the severity of the ischemic condition as being in a quiescent state or an exacerbation of macular edema.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The efficacy and safety of topical brinzolamide and dorzolamide when added to the combination therapy of latanoprost and a beta-blocker in patients with glaucoma.

PURPOSE: Brinzolamide and dorzolamide are often used as adjunctive therapy to other antiglaucoma agents. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of brinzolamide 1% versus dorzolamide 1% when added to the combination therapy of latanoprost and a beta-blocker in patients with glaucoma. METHODS: An 8-week, randomized, open-label comparative study was performed in 52 patients with glaucoma. Brinzolamide 1% (twice a day) or dorzolamide 1% (3 times a day) was randomly administered to the patients who had been treated with both latanoprost and a betablocker. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) were both decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) from 18.6 +/- 2.3 mmHg to 16.7 +/- 2.3 mmHg and from 18.4 +/- 2.6 mmHg to 16.6 +/- 2.5 mmHg, respectively, 8 weeks after the addition of brinzolamide or dorzolamide. However, the difference between the groups was not significant (P = 0.86). The incidence of ocular irritation was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in the dorzolamide group (74%) than the brinzolamide group (16%), but there was no significant difference in blurred vision between the groups (dorzolamide 37% versus brinzolamide 52%, P = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the efficacy of brinzolamide 1% was equivalent to dorzolamide 1%; however, the safety of brinzolamide 1% was superior to dorzolamide 1% as adjunctive therapy to the combination with latanoprost and a beta-blocker.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2005

The efficacy and ocular discomfort of substituting brinzolamide for dorzolamide in combination therapy with latanoprost, timolol, and dorzolamide.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was evaluate the efficacy and ocular discomfort of substituting brinzolamide for dorzolamide in patients with glaucoma treated by latanoprost, timolol, and dorzolamide. METHODS: An 8-week, prospective, randomized, open-label, comparative study was performed in 58 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma treated by latanoprost, timolol, and dorzolamide. These patients were randomly enrolled into two groups: (1) dorzolamide three times daily was substituted with brinzolamide twice-daily (substituting group); and (2) dorzolamide three times daily was continued (control group). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks after the enrollment. Subjective ocular discomfort (irritation and blurred vision) at the time of the instillation of the patient was noted with interview. RESULTS: The IOPs at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks after the enrollment were 17.7 +/- 2.7 mmHg, 17.5 +/- 2.6 mmHg, and 17.4 +/- 2.9 mmHg in the substituting group, and 18.0 +/- 2.5 mmHg, 17.8 +/- 2.5 mmHg, and 17.9 +/- 2.6 mmHg in the control group, respectively. There were no significant differences in IOP changes between the two groups (P = 0.74). In the substituting group, ocular irritation was decreased significantly (P = 0.0014) from 63% to 20%. The slight increase of blurred vision from 27% to 37% that occurred in the substituting group was not significant (P = 0.58). In the control group, neither ocular irritation (P = 0.58, from 68% to 57%) nor blurred vision (P = 0.99, from 25% to 21%) was changed. CONCLUSIONS: Substituting brinzolamide for dorzolamide maintained stable IOP with improvement in ocular comfort in patients with glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of annual cost between brand and generic ocular beta-adrenergic blockers.

We conducted a study of the annual cost of various ophthalmic products used in Japan for treating glaucoma including six of brands and generic ocular beta-adrenergic blockers (38 products). The total number of drops in one bottle of each solution was counted drop by drop. The cost per drop was calculated by dividing the government-controlled standard prices by the total number of drops in one bottle. The annual cost of ophthalmic solution was calculated by multiplying the cost per drop by the number of drops typically used per day. The total number of drops of the ophthalmic solutions in one bottle ranged from 108 to 168. The yearly cost of the beta-adrenergic blockers studied ranged widely, from yen 5392 to yen 27236. Differences in the total number of drops and the usage effect on the annual cost of ophthalmic solutions were found. The annual cost depended on not only the price of the products but also on the total number of drops in one bottle and the usage. Annual cost data may be helpful in selecting ophthalmic products for treating glaucoma in Japan.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Aqueous humor flow in normal human eyes treated with brimonidine and dorzolamide, alone and in combination.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the effectiveness of topical 0.2% brimonidine tartrate as a suppressor of aqueous humor flow in the human eye compared with the effectiveness of 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride, and to measure the additivity of the effects of the 2 drugs. DESIGN: A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study was performed in 20 healthy human subjects. The topical drugs were instilled twice daily the day before and again in the morning on the day of the measurements. The rate of aqueous humor flow was measured from 8 AM to 4 PM by clearance of topically applied fluorescein using a fluorophotometer, after administration of doses of each drug singly and both drugs together. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with applanation tonometry. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, brimonidine reduced the aqueous humor flow by a mean +/- SD of 28.2% +/- 18.0% (P<.001), dorzolamide by 19.3% +/- 22.0% (P =.007), and the combination of brimonidine and dorzolamide by 37.2% +/- 20.6% (P<.001). The combination of both drugs statistically significantly suppressed aqueous humor flow compared with dorzolamide alone (P<.001) and brimonidine alone (P =.04). The IOP was reduced by a mean +/- SD of 11.6% +/- 10.1% (P<.001) by brimonidine, 8.5% +/- 14.1% (P =.02) by dorzolamide, and 17.9% +/- 16.5% (P<.001) by the combination. The combination of drugs reduced IOP better than dorzolamide (P<.001), but not more than brimonidine (P =.06). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of brimonidine and dorzolamide caused a further reduction of aqueous humor flow compared with each drug applied alone. The IOP was further reduced by the combination compared with dorzolamide alone, but not compared with brimonidine alone.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Improvement in cognitive impairment after cataract surgery in elderly patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether cognitive impairment improves in elderly patients who have cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Kouki Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan. METHODS: A prospective observational study evaluated patients' scores on the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and the HDS-R minus 1 item regarding immediate regeneration (ie, function of vision and memory). Twenty patients (6 men, 14 women) with cognitive impairment had cataract surgery in 1 eye between March 1996 and July 2001 at Kouki Hospital, Japan. The mean age of the patients was 81.8 years (range 61 to 90 years). Twenty patients (4 men, 16 women) with cognitive impairment who did not have cataract surgery were selected as a control. The mean age in the control group was 84.3 years (range 70 to 93 years). The HDS-R was administered twice between March 1996 and July 2001. RESULTS: The mean HDS-R scores in the cataract surgery group improved from 12.5 points +/- 5.3 (SD) preoperatively to 16.6 +/- 6.2 points postoperatively; the improvement was significant (t = -5.02; P<.0001). After cataract surgery, the grade of cognitive impairment improved in 12 patients (60%), was unchanged in 7 (35%), and was worse in 1 (5%). CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery improved cognitive impairment in elderly Japanese patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Statistical evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of methods used to determine the progression of visual field defects in glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trend-type analyses to judge the progression of visual field damage (VFD) of glaucoma in terms of ratios of making judgments of progression and specificity, and to report a new method. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of visual field (VF) results of actual glaucoma cases and those simulated by computer, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of performance of methods to judge the progression of VFD. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred five eyes of 105 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with progressing VFD and 355 eyes of 355 clinically stable OAG patients for VF simulation from 4 university-based referral practices. METHODS: Methods using regression analysis of total deviation (TD), mean deviation (MD), mean TD of a sectored VF, and original scoring used in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) were compared. A VF test was repeated twice in a short period on the 355 stable OAG eyes, and test-retest fluctuation, including variance at each test point and covariance between 2 test points, was calculated to simulate stable glaucomatous VF series by computer. The sensitivity of each method was calculated with 105 progressing VF series, and specificity was calculated with 10,000 simulated stable glaucomatous VF series. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity (ratios of making judgments of progression), specificity, and diagnostic power. RESULTS: The methods using the TD slope on one test location showed a sensitivity of 0.848 to 1.000, with a specificity of 0.105 to 0.721, and on 2 adjacent test locations showed a sensitivity of 0.848, with a specificity of 0.722. A significant negative MD slope with P<0.05 showed a sensitivity of 0.524, with a specificity of 0.945. The method using a sectored VF showed a sensitivity of 0.695, with a high specificity of 0.946. The AGIS method showed a sensitivity of 0.305 to 0.467, with a very high specificity of 0.999 to 1.000. The method using previously reported mathematically sectored VFs showed a sensitivity of 0.790, with a specificity of 0.900, and higher diagnostic power (1.69) than the others in this study population. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the methods using the TD slope were characterized by high sensitivity, the AGIS method had a very high specificity, and those using VF sectors had reasonable sensitivity and specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Daily cost of ophthalmic solutions used to treat allergic conjunctivitis in Japan.

PURPOSE: To estimate the daily cost of various ophthalmic solutions used in Japan for treating allergic conjunctivitis, including nine anti-allergic drugs and six anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS: The drops contained in one bottle of each solution were counted. The cost per drop was calculated by dividing the government-controlled standard prices by the total number of drops in one bottle, and the daily cost of therapy was calculated by multiplying the cost per drop by the number of drops to be given per day. RESULTS: The total number of drops of the anti-allergic drugs in a bottle ranged from 108 to 169 and that of the anti-inflammatory drugs from 100 to 145. The information in the package insert for these solutions recommends application 2-4 times daily. The price of the antiallergic drugs studied ranged from $6.35 to $8.38 and that of the anti-inflammatory drugs studied from $2.02 to $5.20. The daily cost of the anti-allergic drugs studied varied considerably, from $0.26 to $0.57; for the anti-inflammatory drugs the range was from $0.12 to $0.20. Variations in the total number of drops per bottle and in the recommended dosage affect the daily cost of ophthalmic solutions. CONCLUSIONS: At current prices, the volume of a drop and the dosage had a greater effect on the daily cost than the price of a bottle. Daily cost data may be helpful in selecting ophthalmic products for treating allergic conjunctivitis in settings where the prices of a given drug are relatively uniform.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Myopia and advanced-stage open-angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of myopic refraction on the central visual field in patients with advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG). DESIGN: Multicenter cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred thirteen OAG eyes (176 eyes of 176 primary open-angle glaucoma [POAG] patients and 137 eyes of 137 normal-tension glaucoma [NTG] patients) with clear ocular media and a mean deviation (MD) <-15 dB. Patients with a recorded maximum intraocular pressure (IOP) of 22 mmHg or greater were classified as POAG, and those with an IOP of 21 mmHg or less were classified as NTG. METHODS: Multiple regression analysis was used to study the influence of refraction on 12 central test points of the C30-2 Humphrey program, and the differences in visual field defects between POAG and NTG eyes were examined using logistic discriminant analysis. In the multiple regression analysis, total deviation (TD) of the 12 test points was graded and used as the dependent variable, and MD and the spherical equivalent refraction were the explanatory variables. In the logistic discrimination analysis, TD, MD, and refraction were covariants that determined the OAG subtypes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: TD values of the 12 central test points (C30-2 program). RESULTS: Higher myopic refraction was significantly associated with more damage at a point just temporal and inferior to the fixation point in POAG eyes, whereas it was significantly associated with less damage at test points just temporal and superior to the fixation point in NTG eyes. After correcting for the influence of refraction, POAG eyes had significantly more damage at a test point just temporal and inferior to the fixation point, whereas NTG eyes had significantly more damage at those test points nasal and inferior to the fixation point. CONCLUSIONS: High myopia constitutes a threat to the remaining lower cecocentral visual field and is one of the factors that interfere with the quality of vision in advanced OAG with high IOP but not low IOP.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2002

A comparative clinical study of latanoprost and isopropyl unoprostone in Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of latanoprost versus isopropyl unoprostone (unoprostone) in Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OH). METHODS: An 8-week, multicenter, randomized, comparative study was performed in 48 Japanese patients with POAG or OH. Four patients (two in each group) withdrew from the study, but their data were included in the safety assessment but not in the intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation. The patients were randomly treated with latanoprost 0.005% once daily or unoprostone 0.12% twice daily for 8 weeks. IOP was measured at baseline and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. In addition, ocular and systemic adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: The baseline IOPs were similar between the latanoprost (n = 25) and unoprostone (n = 19) groups (24.3 +/- 2.4 mm Hg vs 23.3 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, respectively, = 0.18). The IOP reductions from baseline at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment were 5.8 +/- 2.4, 6.6 +/- 2.5, and 6.7 +/- 2.0 mm Hg in the latanoprost group, and 3.8 +/- 2.0, 3.5 +/- 2.3, and 3.3 +/- 3.0 mm Hg in the unoprostone group, respectively. The IOP reduction in the latanoprost group at 8 weeks was larger than that in the unoprostone group ( < 0.001, analysis of covariance). Five adverse events were observed in 4 (15%) of 27 patients in the latanoprost group, and five adverse events were observed in 4 (20%) of 21 patients in the unoprostone group. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between groups ( = 0.71). CONCLUSION: Latanoprost produced a statistically greater reduction in IOP than unoprostone in Japanese patients with POAG or OH.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2002

A case of traumatic cyclodialysis followed by ultrasound biomicroscopy.

We report a case of persistent traumatic cyclodialysis treated by goniophotocoagulation and observed by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) throughout the course. A 16 year-old male was struck in his right eye by a rocket firework. After the injury, hypotony continued for 4 months and he was referred to Hiroshima University Hospital. At that time, the best visual acuity in his right eye was 0.2 and the intraocular pressure was 6 mmHg. Three hundred and sixty degrees of cyclodialysis, partial peripheral anterior synechia, hypotony maculopathy and subretinal proliferative tissue were observed. Cyclodialysis was obvious by UBM. From 4 months after the injury goniophotocoagulation was performed six times in 2 months. Intraocular pressure recovered 6 months after the injury and reattachment of cyclodialysis and disappearance of the suprachoroidal space were confirmed by UBM. UBM was useful in observing cyclodialysis throughout the course.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability of the first eye and second eye in frequency doubling technology perimetry.

PURPOSE: To compare the reliability of the perimetry results of the first eye and the second eye with frequency doubling technology (FDT). METHODS: The subjects were 328 residents who underwent the C-20-5 mode of FDT at a city in central Japan. FDT perimetry was always performed first in the right eye and then in the left eye without any time between tests. When more than 33% fixation loss or false-positive error was detected, the result was judged unreliable. RESULTS: Of the 328 subjects, the bilateral perimetry results were reliable in 255 subjects (77.7%), the unilateral results were reliable in 57 (17.4%), and there was not a reliable result in either eye in 16 (4.9%) subjects. Of the 57 subjects whose unilateral result was unreliable, the result of the second eye was unreliable in 50 (88%) subjects, and the result of the first eye was unreliable in 7 (12%). This difference in the reliability between the first eye and second eye was significant (P < 0.001). There were no differences in the age, sex, visual acuity, refractive error, test duration, or number of glaucoma suspects between the two groups whose unilateral result was unreliable in the first eye or the second eye. CONCLUSIONS: The FDT perimetry result of the second eye was less reliable than that of the first eye.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of glaucoma in adults with Down's syndrome.

PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of glaucoma in adults with Down's syndrome (DS) to that in non-DS control adults. METHODS: Twenty-six patients (14 men and 12 women) with DS and 188 control subjects (105 men and 83 women) were studied. The mean age was 35.1 +/- 6.9 (+/- SD) years in the DS group and 36.9 +/- 5.2 years in the control group. There were no significant differences in age or sex distribution between the two groups. Glaucoma was diagnosed by two glaucoma specialists based on the optic disc findings obtained through dilated pupils. RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with glaucoma in the DS group was 11.5%, significantly higher (P = 0.014) than that in the control group, 1.1%. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between glaucomatous eyes (12.2 +/- 3.2 mmHg) and nonglaucomatous eyes (11.1 +/- 4.1 mmHg) in the DS group (P = 0.465). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of glaucoma in adult patients with DS was significantly higher than that in age-matched control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recovery of reliability by retest after a 5-minute interval in frequency doubling technology perimetry.

PURPOSE: In frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry, the incidence of tests classified as unreliable is higher in the second-tested left eye than in the first-tested right eye when perimetry is performed without a rest period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the incidence of unreliable results was reduced when the retest began after a 5-min rest period. METHODS: The subjects were 978 residents of Miyoshi City, Japan, who underwent FDT perimetry during a medical checkup. FDT perimetry was always performed first on the right eye and then on the left eye without a rest interval. When the results were determined to be unreliable, FDT perimetry was repeated after a 5-min rest interval. RESULTS: The perimetric results were determined to be unreliable in one eye of 119 subjects; the results of the first-tested right eye were unreliable in 24 (20.2%), and the results of the second-tested left eye were unreliable in 95 (79.8%) subjects. This difference in the incidence of reliability was significant (P<0.001). After a 5-min rest interval, the percentage of eyes with reliable results recovered to 92% of the right eyes and to 86% of the left eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of unreliable results in FDT perimetry of the second-tested left eye was higher than that of the first-tested right eye when tests were performed without a rest interval. However, the incidence of unreliability in the eye was decreased when the retest was performed after a 5-min rest interval.

Adult↗