[How to prevent the incidence of hypertension in type 2 diabetes patients].
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are often associated with each other, and both are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance has been noted as an etiology for diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance often accompanied hyperinsulinemia and it is thought to elevate blood pressure through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system, promotion of sodium retention in the renal tubules, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via insulin-like growth factor. Also high blood glucose may impair vascular endothelial cells and produce oxidant stress. To prevent the occurrence of hypertension in diabetes patients, improving insulin resistance have to be considered, and primary care such as reducing body weight, salt and alcohol restriction, exercise and non-smoking are important.