Chalazion masquerading as sporotrichosis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Hirohiko Sueki
Publications and source records attributed to Hirohiko Sueki.
Drug eruption caused by the nonionic contrast medium iohexol. "Recall-like phenomenon" appearing on an area previously affected by herpes zoster.
We report a case of "recall-like phenomenon" caused by nonionic contrast medium. A 62-year-old woman suffering from postherpetic neuralgia developed erythematous plaques 12 h after an intercostal nerve block under X-ray guidance using iohexol (Omnipaque) as contrast medium. The erythematous plaques were preferentially located in the sites where she had experienced herpes zoster 4 months previously. The lesions cleared spontaneously leaving no pigmentation. Both patch testing and intradermal testing with iohexol and ioversol were positive. We postulate that local immunological changes in the skin, such as an increased number and/or accelerated activity of Langerhans cells and mast cells in the herpes zoster lesions, were responsible for this phenomenon. This "recall-like phenomenon", occurring preferentially in skin previously affected by herpes zoster, could facilitate understanding of the pathology of drug eruptions.
Contrast Media↗
A human Langerhans cell-like cell line, ELD-1, promotes CD8 T cells to produce IFN-gamma through CD70-dependent alternative pathway.
A novel pathway of CD8+ T-cell activation by a previously established human Langerhans cell (LC)-like cell line, ELD-1 [Dendritic Cells 9 (1999) 41] is reported. ELD-1 cells possess LC-specific and dendritic cell (DC) lineage-specific markers including Birbeck granules. Intriguingly, ELD-1 cells stimulated interferon (IFN)-gamma production by purified allogeneic CD8+ T cells in an IL-2- but not IL-12-dependent manner, but failed to stimulate CD4+ T cells due to their lack of HLA-DR, CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression. Comparing active and inactive subclones of ELD-1 cells revealed that CD70 was a key molecule determining stimulatory ability. This was confirmed by the ability of transfected CD70-encoding cDNA to confer stimulatory capacity on inactive subclones of ELD-1. Therefore, it is concluded that CD70 expressed on ELD-1 cells has a crucial role in stimulating IFN-gamma production by CD8+ T cells through an alternative pathway which does not require CD4+ T-cell help or CD28-B7 interactions.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Impaired contact hypersensitivity reaction and reduced production of vascular endothelial growth factor in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene-deficient mice.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is an important proinflammatory cytokine in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions. Previous efforts to assay CHS in TNF-alpha gene-deficient (-/-) mice have demonstrated a significant reduction in ear skin weight at 24 h following challenge by oxazolone, although the mechanisms of this suppression have not been examined. To further characterize the impaired CHS during evolution of the elicitation phase in TNF-alpha -/- mice and to clarify its mechanisms, focusing on the roles of TNF-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we used an established method of CHS assay-sensitization and challenge by trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)- in TNF-alpha -/- and wild-type mice. We compared the histopathology of the sequential evolution of CHS between the two groups of mice and assessed both the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration and the degree of dilatation in dermal vessels labeled with CD31. We quantified the production of VEGF in the epidermis at specific time points by using a murine VEGF ELISA kit. The CHS reaction was markedly suppressed in TNF-alpha -/- mice at all time points of the elicitation phase. Histologically, in TNF-alpha -/- mice we observed diminished vascular permeability, reduced numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells, neutrophils at 12 h, mononuclear cells and eosinophils at 24 h, and a decreased area of dilatation of vessels labeled with CD31. The level of epidermal VEGF in wild type mice increased rapidly after challenge and peaked at 24 h, paralleling the peak of ear swelling. In contrast, the peak level of epidermal VEGF in TNF-alpha -/- mice was significantly reduced. These results suggest that TNF-alpha plays an enhancing role in the elicitation phase of the CHS reaction. Diminished degrees of vascular permeability, dilatation of CD31+ vessels, and inflammatory cell infiltration in TNF-alpha -/- mice are likely to be the result of a lack of TNF-alpha and reduced production of epidermal VEGF.
Animals↗
Annular lichen planus.
BACKGROUND: Annular lichen planus is a clinical variant of lichen planus, and its characteristic lesions are annular plaques consisting of a narrow rim of activity and a depressed center. OBJECTIVE: This article presents two cases of annular lichen planus, a 39-year-old woman and a 45-year-old woman. METHODS AND RESULTS: In both cases, lesions developed mainly on the femoral regions. Histopathological specimens from the margin of the lesion demonstrated liquefaction degeneration of the epidermis and band-like infiltrate of lymphocytes in the upper dermis, whereas there was very mild infiltrate in the upper dermis from the center. In the center, elastic fibers were more fragmented and less numerous than in the margin. Although topical corticosteroid tape was effective for one case, new lesions developed several times over two years in the other. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that this clinical behavior is from elastolysis as a result of inflammation.
Adult↗
Cutaneous toxicity of chemical irritants on hairless Guinea pigs.
To evaluate the toxicity of irritant chemicals on animal skin, investigators have frequently had to apply high concentrations, owing to the fact that its susceptibility is less than that of human skin. High concentrations are so damaging to tissue that specific effects are obscured on the various layers. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of a variety of irritating chemicals on the skin of hairless guinea pigs. Graded concentrations of these irritating substances were applied to the back for varying periods. Histologic changes were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The structural alterations varied greatly among the chemicals, reflecting quite different mechanisms of action. Hairless guinea pigs are quite susceptible to chemical injury, especially to their hair follicles and dermal components. The hairless guinea pig appears to be an advantageous model to assess the acute and chronic effects of chemical irritants.
Animals↗
Disseminated pagetoid reticulosis (Ketron-Goodman disease): six-year follow-up.
Pagetoid reticulosis consists of 2 types: Woringer-Kolopp and Ketron-Goodman disease (K-G). Compared with the former, K-G may have disseminated lesions and a guarded prognosis. We encountered a case of K-G in a 67-year-old man with disseminated plaques on the neck, the trunk, and both extremities. Histologic specimens demonstrated medium- to large-sized, atypical cells infiltrating in the lower epidermis. The phenotype (CD3(+), CD4(-), CD8(-), CD45RO(-), CD45RA(+)) and ultrastructural findings suggest that these cells were immature T cells. Although PUVA was initially effective, new plaques in which atypical cells are still present histologically, have appeared through a 6-year follow-up. Literature review revealed the high rate of recurrence. These findings suggest that K-G is an epidermotropic or immature T-cell variant of mycosis fungoides. In patients with K-G, therefore, long-term observation is necessary: Disappearance of cutaneous lesions may not mean cure.
Aged↗
Number and distribution of interstitial cells lining the epidermis of normal human skin from different anatomical locations.
A study was conducted to determine the number and distribution of interstitial cells lining the epidermis of normal human skin from various anatomical locations. Five to seven normal human skin specimens per each anatomical site were collected from surgical specimens, mostly with pigmented nevi. Ten anatomical locations were classified; and a total of 65 normal human skin samples were evaluated. The number of interstitial cells lining the epidermis was quantified under light microscopy using a computer-assisted image analyzer. Two types of interstitial cells were recognized beneath the dermo-epidermal junction of normal human skin: cells containing oval nuclei and spindle-shaped cells containing elongated nuclei. As for the number of oval cells, no significant difference was found among the anatomical locations. In contrast, significantly greater numbers of spindle-shaped cells were found in the palm (4.11 + 1.24; p < 0.01), sole (3.52 + 0.83; p < 0.001) and buttock (2.52 + 0.49; p < 0.01), compared with those in the anterior trunk (0.60 + 0.22). In normal skin of the palm and sole, the number of spindle-shaped cells located beneath the apices of rete ridges (7.35 + 1.56) was significantly greater than along the dermal papillae (1.39 + 0.39, p < 0.01). However, cells containing oval nuclei also predominated beneath the apices of rete ridges, but the difference was not significant. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the number of spindle-shaped cells, quantified by H & E staining, was significantly greater beneath the apices of rete ridges than in dermal papillae. The number was greater in palm and sole skin compared with other samples of normal human skin. This data may relate to the glabrous nature of palm and sole skin.
Antigens, CD34↗