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Hiroshi Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroshi Uchida.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2003). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The bacterial strains isolated from 565 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 14 institutions in Japan were collected between August 2003 and July 2004. The susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. Of them, 701 strains were estimated as prophlogistic bacteria and used for the investigation. The strains consisted of 258 Gram-positive bacterial strains (36.8%) and 443 Gram-negative bacterial strains (63.2%). Against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin (VCM) showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 2 microg/mL. Against Streptococcus agalactiae, ampicillin (ABPC), cefozopran (CZOP), imipenem (IPM), and clarithromycin (CAM) showed a strong activity and the MIC90 was 0.125 microg/mL or less. Against Enterococcus faecalis, VCM, ABPC, and IPM showed a strong antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of cephems to Escherichia coli was generally good, and especially CZOP and cefpirome (CPR) showed the strongest activity (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). Quinolone resistant E. coli [MIC of ciprofloxacin (CPFX): > or =4 microg/mL] was detected at frequency of 15.7%, which was higher than that in the last year. Against Klebsiella pneumoniae, meropenem (MEPM) showed the strongest activity and next, the antibacterial activity of CRMN and CZOP was good. The antibacterial activity of the other cephems, however, significantly decreased, compared with that evaluated in last year. Against Serratia marcescens, MEPM had the strongest antibacterial activity. Against Proteus mirabilis, MEPM and CRMN showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 0.125 microg/mL or less. Nest, cefmenoxime (CMX), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefixime (CFIX), cefpodoxime (CPDX), CPR, CZOP, and cefditoren (CDTR) showed a strong activity. The antibacterial activity of the drugs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was generally low, and MIC90 of all the drugs was ranged from 32 to < or = 256 microg/mL except IPM and amikacin (AMK) having 16 microg/mL. The antibacterial activity of CZOP was relatively good (MIC50: 2 microg/mL).

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed2005

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2003). II. Background of patients].

Seven hundred and nineteen bacterial strains isolated from 565 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 14 institutions in Japan were collected between August 2002 and July 2003. The frequency of bacteria isolation divided with patient clinical background was compared. The clinical background investigated included sex, age, type of infections, timing of antibiotics administration, and presence or absence of surgery affecting a decrease in defense against infection. The bacterial strains were divided with the age and sex of the patients and the types of infections. In males, the number of patients aged less than 50 years was few and the complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was observed most frequently. Number of patients aged 20-39 years was greater in female than male. In all of ages except 0-9 and 70-79 years, the ratio of the uncomplicated UTIs was high, accounting for 44.4-91.7% of all types of infections. In the present time, the bacteria most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis also were relatively frequently isolated. E. coli was most frequently isolated from the uncomplicated UTIs, and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were frequently isolated from the complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter. With respect to the relation of these results to the age of the patients, in the uncomplicated UTIs, the isolation frequency of E. coli was the highest in all age groups, accounting for 40% or higher. In the complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, the isolation frequency of E. coli decreased with aging of the patients but still was the highest in all age groups. In the complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, the isolation frequency of E. coli was lower than in the uncomplicated UTIs in all age groups and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were more frequently isolated. In comparison of causative bacteria in UTIs between before and after the administration of antibiotics, P. aeruginosa increased after the administration in any types of UTIs. In comparison of causative bacteria in UTIs with or without surgery, E. coli was more frequently isolated in the patients without surgery, while P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were more frequently isolated in the patients with surgery in any UTIs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2003). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

The bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from 565 patients diagnosed as urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 14 institutions in Japan were collected between August 2003 and July 2004. The susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were examined. The bacteria were divided into 2 groups consisting of uncomplicated UTIs and complicated UTIs (with and without indwelling catheter) based on their isolation origins. The results were compared with those obtained between 1994 and 2002. The drug sensitivity of S. aureus in this year was similar to those in up to the previous years and S. aureus showed the best susceptibility to vancomycin. The drug sensitivity of E. faecalis in this year also was similar to those in up to the previous years. The drug sensitivity of E. coli in this year was generally good except penicillins and was similar to those in up to the previous years. Among cephems, cefozopran (CZOP) and cefpirome (CPR) showed the highest potency activity (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). An antibacterial activity of cefotiam (CTM) was stable for 10 years and was fine (MIC0: < or = 0.5 microg/mL). The sensitivity of E. coli to carbapenems and carumonam (CRMN) also was good like to CZOP. The sensitivity of the complicated UTIs group to quinolones, however, has decreased after 2000 and it was suggested that the resistance to the drug has developed. Kiebsiella spp. showed a decrease in the susceptibility to some of cephems. The drugs indicating a big decrease in the sensitivity were cefazolin, CTM, cefaclor, and cefpodoxime. Imipenem, carbapenems, also indicated a decrease in the sensitivity. The susceptibility of the strain to the other drugs was similar to that in up to the previous years. Among them, CZOP maintained good susceptibility (MIC90: > or = 0.125 microg/mL against uncomplicated UTIs, 0.25 microg/mL against complicated UTIs) like meropenem. The drug sensitivity of P. aeruginosa was generally low and was not much different from that in up to the previous years.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2004

Bottom water warming in the North Pacific Ocean.

Observations of changes in the properties of ocean waters have been restricted to surface or intermediate-depth waters, because the detection of change in bottom water is extremely difficult owing to the small magnitude of the expected signals. Nevertheless, temporal changes in the properties of such deep waters across an ocean basin are of particular interest, as they can be used to constrain the transport of water at the bottom of the ocean and to detect changes in the global thermohaline circulation. Here we present a comparison of a trans-Pacific survey completed in 1985 (refs 4, 5) and its repetition in 1999 (ref. 6). We find that the deepest waters of the North Pacific Ocean have warmed significantly across the entire width of the ocean basin. Our observations imply that changes in water properties are now detectable in water masses that have long been insulated from heat exchange with the atmosphere.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

An application of a new planar positron imaging system (PPIS) in a small animal: MPTP-induced parkinsonism in mouse.

OBJECTIVE: Recent animal PET research has led to the development of PET scanners for small animals. A planar positron imaging system (PPIS) was newly developed to study physiological function in small animals and plants in recent years. To examine the usefulness of PPIS for functional study in small animals, we examined dopaminergic images of mouse striata in MPTP-induced parkinsonism. METHODS: Male C57BL/6NCrj mice were treated with MPTP 7 days before the PPIS study. Scans were performed to measure dopamine D1 receptor binding and dopamine transporter availability with [11C]SCH23390 (about 2 MBq) and [11C]beta-CFT (about 2 MBq), respectively. After the PPIS study, dopamine content in the striatum was measured by HPLC. RESULTS: The MPTP treatment significantly reduced dopamine content in the striatum 7 days after treatment. In the MPTP-treated group, [11C]beta-CFT binding in the striatum was significantly decreased compared with the control group, while striatal [11C]SCH23390 binding was not affected. Dopamine content in the striatum was significantly correlated with the striatal binding of [11C]beta-CFT. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that PPIS is able to determine brain function in a small animal. Using PPIS, high throughput imaging of small animal brain functions could be achieved.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed2004

Successful one-stage radical removal of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to the right ventricle.

BACKGROUND: Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare tumor originating from the uterus that spreads through vessels. This tumor, while histologically benign, can cause fatal cardiovascular symptoms resulting from growth within the heart cavity. CASE: A 51-year-old woman with chronic hypertension was found to have a murmur. Echocardiogram, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical evaluation revealed an intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to the right ventricle. The appropriate therapy for intravenous leiomyomatosis is complete resection. In this patient, one-stage cardiotomy with laparotomy resulted in successful radical removal of the tumor. CONCLUSION: Our patient underwent successful radical therapy for an intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to the heart, which involved complete resection of the tumor by one-stage cardiotomy with laparotomy.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed2004

Data extrapolation method for boundary element method-based near-field acoustical holography.

A new data extrapolation method for boundary element method (BEM)-based near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is proposed to reduce an error of the reconstructed result obtained from the pressure measured on an aperture small compared with the structure. The finiteness of the measurement aperture is a serious impediment to actual large-scale implementation of NAH, because NAH requires the measurement of the pressure field over a complete surface of structure. To eliminate the requirement, the wave number-space data extrapolation method for fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based NAH has been proposed. In this paper, the extension of this data extrapolation method to BEM-based NAH is presented. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by experiments. The experiment results confirm that the reconstruction error is sufficiently suppressed by the proposed method.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of bovine X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in fractions by discontinuous percoll gradients with rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization.

This study was designed to apply the method of discontinuous Percoll gradients for sex preselection in bovine semen by using a current developed molecular technique, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, we attempted to amplify the level of enrichment of X- or Y-bearing spermatozoa by treating for activating sperm motility performance with 10 mM caffeine. Bovine spermatozoa were fractionated on Percoll gradients into two major subpopulations of motile spermatozoa (bottom fraction) and weak motile spermatozoa (top fraction). The percentage of Y-bearing spermatozoa in the top fraction (52.9%) slightly exceeded and that in the bottom fraction (44.3%) decreased significantly (P<0.001) compared with the theoretical ratio (50:50). Washing sperm with BO medium affected a deviation between the two sex populations, whereas semen activated with caffeine showed no difference in the percentage of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in both fractions compared with the theoretical ratio (50:50). These results show that the proportion of X- and Y-bearing bovine spermatozoa can deviate after discontinuous Percoll gradients, although the proportion of X- and Y-bearing bovine spermatozoa was affected by sperm motility of the sample applied.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2002). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The bacterial strains isolated from 491 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 13 institutions in Japan were supplied between August 2002 and July 2003. The susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. Of them, 578 strains were estimated as causative bacteria and used for the investigation. The number of them was 578 strains consisting of 177 gram-positive bacterial strains (30.6%) and 401 gram-negative bacterial strains (69.4%). Against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin (VCM) showed a strong activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 1 microg/mL. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis to cephems including cefotiam (CTM) was relatively good. Against Enterococcus faecalis, ampicillin (ABPC), imipenem (IPM), and VCM showed the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC90: 2-4 microg/mL). In addition, the low sensitive strains (MIC: > or = 256 microg/mL) to clarithromycin (CAM) were detected at 48.3% but none to cefozopran (CZOP). The antibacterial activity of cephems to Escherichia coli was generally good, and especially CZOP and cefpirome (CPR) showed the highest activity (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). Quinolone resistant E. coli was detected at frequency of 13.5%, which was higher than that in the last year. The antibacterial activity of cephems to Citrobacter freundii was generally low but CZOP and CPR had a strong acitivity (MIC90: 0.25 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively). The antibacterial activity of cephems to Klebsiella pneumoniae was good and especially cefmenoxime (CMX), cefixime (CFIX), flomoxef (FMOX), CPR, and CZOP showed stronger activity (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). Against Serratia marcescens, meropenem (MEPM) had the highest antibacterial activity followed by CPR and CZOP. Against Proteus mirabilis, CMX, ceftazidime (CAZ), CPR, MEPM, carumonam (CRMN), and levofloxacin (LVFX) showed the strongest activity (MC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). Among other cephems, CZOP and CFIX were also strong (MIC90: 0.25 microg/mL). The antibacterial activity of the drugs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was generally low, and MIC90 of all the drugs were ranged from 64 to > or = 256 microg/mL except IPM and amikacin (AMK) having 16 microg/mL. The antibacterial activity of CZOP was relatively good (MIC50: 8 microg/mL).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2002). II. Background of patients].

A total of 615 bacterial strains isolated from 491 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 13 institutions in Japan were supplied between August 2002 and July 2003. Then, the clinical background of patients were investigated such as sex, age, and type of infections and kind of bacteria, frequency of bacteria isolation by age and infections, bacteria and infections by timing of antibiotics administration, and bacteria and infections by surgical procedures. The bacterial strains were divided by the age and sex of the patients and the types of infections. In males, the number of patients aged less than 50 years was few and the complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was observed most frequently. In the present time, the bacteria most frequently isolated were Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis were also relatively frequently isolated. E. coli decreased and P. aeruginosa increased with the complication of the infections. E. faecalis tended to be isolated more frequently in the complicated UTIs than in the uncomplicated UTIs. With respect to the relation of these results to the age of the patients, in the uncomplicated UTIs, the isolation frequency of E. coli was the highest in all age groups, accounting for 70.8% in 20-49 years old. In the complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, the isolation frequency of E. coli decreased with aging of the patients and was lower than that of E. faecalis in the patients aged 70 or more (18.3 vs 20.6%). In the complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, the isolation frequency of E. coli was lower than in the uncomplicated UTIs in all age groups and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were more frequently isolated. In comparison of causative bacteria in UTIs between before and after the administration of antibiotics, E. coli decreased and P. aeruginosa increased after the administration in any UTIs. In comparison of causative bacteria in UTIs with or without surgery, E. coli was more frequently isolated in the patients without surgery, while P. aeruginosa was more in the patients with surgery in any UTIs. E. faecalis was more frequently isolated in the patients with surgery in uncomplicated and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter and in the patients without surgery in complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2002). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

The bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from patients diagnosed as urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 13 institutions in Japan were supplied between August 2002 and July 2003. The susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were examined. The bacteria were divided into 2 groups consisting of uncomplicated UTIs and complicated UTIs (with and without indwelling catheter) based on their isolation origins. The results were compared with those obtained between 1993 and 2001. The drug sensitivity of S. aureus in this year was similar to those in up to the previous year and S. aureus showed the best susceptibility to vancomycin. The drug sensitivity of E. faecalis in this year also was similar to those in up to the previous year. The drug sensitivity of E. coli in this year was generally good except penicillins and was similar to those in up to the previous year. Among cephems, cefozopran (CZOP) and cefpirome (CPR) showed the highest potency (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). An antibacterial activity of cefotiam (CTM) was similar to it in 10 years ago and was fine (MIC90: < or = 1 microg/mL). The sensitivity of E. coli to carbapenems and carumonam (CRMN) also was good like to CZOP. However, the sensitivity of the complicated UTIs group to quinolones decreased after 2000 and was suggested to develop the resistance to the drug. The drug sensitivity of Klebsiella spp. in this year also was similar to those in up to the previous year. The bacteria showed good susceptibility (MIC: < or = 0.125 microg/mL) to cefmenoxime (CMX), CPR, cefixime (CFIX), flomoxef (FMOX), and CZOP among cephems. The drug sensitivity of P. aeruginosa was generally low. Most of the bacteria were little sensitive to cephems except CZOP and ceftazidime (CAZ). The sensitive bacteria to CZOP and ceftazidime (CAZ) were observed to be 26.8% (15/56 strains) and 39.3% (22/56 strains) in complicated UTIs group, respectively. The sensitivity profile of P. aeruginosa to the other tested drugs was not much different from that in up to the previous year. However, the sensitivity of the bacteria to carbapenems tended to decrease after 2000, and the low sensitive strains (MIC: > or = 256 microg/mL) were detected at 22.2% (2/9 strains) in the uncomplicated UTIs group and 3.6% (2/56 strains) in the complicated UTIs group.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Ccd1, a novel protein with a DIX domain, is a positive regulator in the Wnt signaling during zebrafish neural patterning.

Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in directing cell differentiation, polarity, and growth. In the canonical pathway, Wnt receptors activate Dishevelled (Dvl), which then blocks the degradation of a key signal transducer, beta-catenin, leading to the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and induction of Wnt target genes through TCF/LEF family transcription factors. Here we identified a novel zebrafish gene encoding Ccd1, which possesses a DIX (Dishevelled-Axin) domain. DIX domains are essential for the signal transduction of two major Wnt downstream mediators, Dvl and Axin. Ccd1 formed homomeric and heteromeric complexes with Dvl and Axin and activated TCF-dependent transcription in vitro. In addition, overexpression of ccd1 in zebrafish embryos led to a reduction in the size of the eyes and forebrain (posteriorization), as seen with wnt8 overexpression, whereas a dominant-negative ccd1 (DN-ccd1) caused the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, the Wnt activation phenotype induced by ccd1 was inhibited by the expression of axin1 or DN-ccd1, and the wnt8 overexpression phenotype was rescued by DN-ccd1, suggesting that Ccd1 functions downstream of the Wnt receptor and upstream of Axin. These results indicate that Ccd1 is a novel positive regulator in this Wnt signaling pathway during zebrafish neural patterning.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Quick and reversible inhibition of soybean root nodule growth by nitrate involves a decrease in sucrose supply to nodules.

The upper part of a nodulated soybean root hydroponically cultured in a glass bottle was monitored using a computer microscope under controlled environmental conditions, and the diameter of individual nodules was measured from 10-24 d after planting. The diameter of a root nodule attached to the primary root increased from 1 mm to 6 mm for 2 weeks under nitrogen-free conditions. The increase in diameter of the nodules was almost completely stopped after 1 d of supplying 5 mM nitrate, and was due to the cessation of nodule cell expansion. However, nodule growth quickly returned to the normal growth rate following withdrawal of nitrate from the solution. The reversible depression of nodule growth by nitrate was similar to the restriction of photoassimilate supply by continuous dark treatment for 2 d followed by normal light/dark conditions. In addition, the inhibitory effect of nitrate was partially alleviated by the addition of 3% (w/v) sucrose to the medium. Plant leaves were exposed to (11)C or (14)C-labelled carbon dioxide to investigate the effects of 5 mM nitrate on the translocation and distribution of photosynthates to nodules and roots. Supplying 5 mM nitrate stimulated the translocation rate and the distribution of labelled C in nitrate-fed parts of the roots. However, the (14)C partitioning to nodules decreased from 9% to 4% of total (14)C under conditions of 5 mM nitrate supply. These results indicate that the decrease in photoassimilate supply to nodules may be involved in the quick and reversible nitrate inhibition of soybean nodule growth.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2003

[General anesthesia for disabled patients undergoing dental treatment in a general hospital].

BACKGROUND: General anesthesia for dental treatment in disabled patients may present particular problems, especially when it is done in a general hospital, compared with specialized dental hospitals. METHODS: We surveyed 24 patients who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia in our institution during the last decade. RESULTS: Electrocardiography or chest x-ray photography was not obtained in 8 patients owing to lack of patients' cooperation. Slow induction with sevoflurane was selected in 5 patients, because intravenous cannulae could not be placed owing to their rejection. Nasotracheal intubation was performed in all patients, but no difficulty in intubation was documented. As postoperative complications, we observed convulsion in one patient and muscle rigidity in another, but no critical troubles related to circulatory or respiratory status. In patients who were treated for more than ten teeth, we observed differences in age, body weight, duration of anesthesia, maximum concentration of sevoflurane administered during anesthesia, and use of postoperative analgesics compared with the other patients. CONCLUSIONS: We found particular problems of anesthesia for disable patients undergoing dental treatment in a general hospital, and suggest that information on numbers of teeth to be treated is helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Activities of antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 medical institutions during 2000 in Japan].

A survey was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents against 8,474 clinical isolates obtained from 37 Japanese medical institutions in 2000. A total of 25 antimicrobial agents were used, comprising 4 fluoroquinolones, 13 beta-lactams, minocycline, chloramphenicol, clarithromycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin. A high resistance rate of over 85% against fluoroquinolones was exhibited by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecium. Isolates showing resistance to fluoroquinolones among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from UTI accounted for 30-60%. However, many of the common pathogens were still susceptible to fluoroquinolones, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant isolates), Streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Moraxella catarrhalis, the Enterobacteriaceae family, and Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant isolates). About 85% of P. aeruginosa isolated from RTI were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, this survey of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents clearly indicated trend for increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones among MRSA, Enterococci, and P. aeruginosa isolated from UTI, although fluoroquinolones are still effective against other organisms and P. aeruginosa from RTI as has been demonstrated in previous studies.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗