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Biomedical subjects

Hiroyuki Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroyuki Taniguchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dyspnoea at 6-min walk test in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: comparison with COPD.

The characteristics of dyspnoea in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) during a 6-min walk test are not clear. This study was designed to evaluate dyspnoea and desaturation during the 6-min walk test in IPF in comparison with that in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is one of the most studied chronic lung diseases. The 41 consecutive patients with IPF included in this study were assessed by a 6-min walk test and concurrent measures of disease severity. Forty-one age-matched and resting PaO(2) value-matched COPD patients who had undertaken the test during the same period were selected as the control. Only O(2) saturation at the end of the test was an independent predictor of dyspnoea in IPF (r(2)=0.27, P=0.0005), whereas forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV(1)) was the only predictor in COPD (r(2)=0.16, P=0.0096). Desaturation was significantly more severe in IPF (83.6+/-9.1% in IPF versus 88.0+/-5.9% in COPD, P<0.001). In contrast, dyspnoea assessed with the Borg scale was significantly more severe in COPD (3.6+/-2.1 in IPF versus 4.6+/-1.9 in COPD, P<0.05). O(2) saturation is an independent predictor of dyspnoea at the end of a 6-min walk test in IPF. In comparison with COPD, desaturation is more severe, although dyspnoea is milder.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Usual interstitial pneumonia and chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: analysis of CT appearance in 92 patients.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively analyze computed tomographic (CT) findings of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and to determine which findings are most helpful for distinguishing IIP from usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) with univariate and multivariate analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were not required for this retrospective review of patient records and images. Two observers working independently and without knowledge of the diagnosis evaluated the extent and distribution of various thin-section CT findings (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, reticulation, and honeycombing) in 92 patients (51 men, 41 women; mean age, 56 years; age range, 29-81 years) with a histologic diagnosis of UIP (n = 20), cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (n = 16), fibrotic NSIP (n = 16), respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) (n = 11), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) (n = 15), or lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) (n = 14). Observers used univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to compare their findings with the extent and distribution of UIP. RESULTS: Observers made the correct diagnosis in 145 (79%) of 184 readings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent findings that distinguished UIP from cellular NSIP were the extent of honeycombing and the most proximal bronchus with traction bronchiectasis (odds ratio, 5.16 and 0.37, respectively); the finding that distinguished UIP from fibrotic NSIP was the extent of honeycombing (odds ratio, 2.10). CT features that distinguished UIP from RB-ILD and DIP included extent of ground-glass opacity (odds ratio, 0.76), thickening of bronchovascular bundles (odds ratio, 1.58), the most proximal bronchus with traction bronchiectasis (odds ratio, 0.22), and the number of segments with traction bronchiectasis (odds ratio, 3.64). CONCLUSION: UIP has a characteristic appearance that usually facilitates distinction from other types of chronic IIPs at thin-section CT. The most useful finding when differentiating UIP from NSIP was the extent of honeycombing.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

An essential role of Cdc42-like GTPases in mitosis of HeLa cells.

Here we used RNA interference and examined possible redundancy amongst Rho GTPases in their mitotic role. Chromosome misalignment is induced significantly in HeLa cells by Cdc42 depletion and not by depletion of either one or all of the other four Cdc42-like GTPases (TC10, TCL, Wrch1 or Wrch2), four Rac-like GTPases or three Rho-like GTPases. Notably, combined depletion of Cdc42 and all of the other four Cdc42-like GTPases significantly enhances chromosomal misalignment. These observations suggest that Cdc42 is the primary GTPase functioning during mitosis but that the other four Cdc42-like GTPases can also assume the mitotic role in its absence.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following surgical lung biopsy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) plays an important role in the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia, however, the occurrence of acute respiratory failure following SLB remains largely unreported. We evaluated the incidence, clinical features, therapy and prognosis of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following SLB. DESIGN: Retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent SLB to establish a diagnosis of diffuse lung disease between May 1989 and April 2000. Patients with an acute exacerbation following lung biopsy were studied, and the HRCT images of the chest before and after surgery were reviewed. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Among the 236 consecutive patients with interstitial pneumonia who underwent a surgical lung biopsy, five (2.1%) (IPF, 3; NSIP, 1; COP, 1) developed acute exacerbation of the diffuse lung disease in the course of 1-18 days after SLB. The extent of parenchymal involvement on HRCT before surgery was not significantly different between operated and contralateral nonoperated lung. Significantly increased regions of parenchymal involvement on HRCT were seen postoperatively compared with the preoperative CT in both the operated (20.7+/-12.5% versus 38.2+/-10.8%, P = 0.0431) and nonoperated lung (22.7+/-13.8% versus 70.5+/-24.4%, P = 0.0431), but the extent of the parenchymal involvement was significantly greater on the nonoperated side (P = 0.0251). Two of the 3 IPF patients died from the acute exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to be aware of the possibility of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following SLB even after an apparently uneventful immediate postoperative course. The asymmetric image findings suggest that intraoperative respiratory management is a possible etiologic factor.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Regulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activities by BIT/SHPS-1.

The hypothalamus plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of internal physiological conditions such as body temperature and energy balance. We have previously shown that cold exposure enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT/SHPS-1 (brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs/SHP substrate-1) in hypothalamic nuclei including the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In order to elucidate the function of BIT/SHPS-1 in the hypothalamus, we stimulated BIT/SHPS-1 in vivo by using the anti-BIT monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1D4, which reacts with the extracellular domain of BIT/SHPS-1 and induces its tyrosine phosphorylation. Administration of mAb 1D4 into the third cerebral ventricle enhanced the electrical activity of the renal sympathetic nerves, while it suppressed that of the gastric parasympathetic nerves. Similarly, blood pressure increased in response to the mAb 1D4 injection, and additionally, temperatures of the abdomen and brown adipose tissue increased. These results indicate that BIT/SHPS-1 is involved in the hypothalamic regulation of thermogenesis via the autonomic nervous system.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of the effects of tulobuterol patch and salmeterol in moderate to severe asthma.

1. Although the clinical effects of the tulobuterol patch have been reported to include an increase in morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) values and a decrease of symptoms and the frequency of the rescue use of inhaled short-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, no trials comparing the efficacy of the tulobuterol patch to other standard inhaled long-acting beta2-adrenoceptor agonists have yet been conducted. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical effects of the patch formulation of tulobuterol with those of inhaled salmeterol in moderate to severe asthma. 2. Fifty-four patients with moderate to severe asthma, whose conditions were suboptimally controlled despite receiving inhaled corticosteroids, were recruited. The study was a prospective, randomized trial of cross-over design comparing the effects of 4 weeks treatment with tulobuterol patch, 2 mg once daily, and salmeterol, 50 mg twice daily. The mean prebronchodilator morning PEF during the last 14 days of each treatment period and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were the primary outcome variables. The HRQoL was assessed using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. 3. Forty-four patients (81.5%) completed the trial and were included in the analysis. The mean morning PEF and HRQoL score were significantly improved in both the salmeterol (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and the tulobuterol patch (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) treatment periods compared with the run-in period. Although the mean morning PEF was significantly higher in the salmeterol-treated group than in the tulobuterol-treated group (P < 0.001), the HRQoL scores were comparable. 4. The tulobuterol patch may be useful as a controller medication in addition to inhaled corticosteroids in moderate to severe asthma.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

[A case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis which resolved only on smoking cessation].

We report a case with Langerhans cell histiocytosis appearing as an extra-pleural tumor. A 20-year-old man was transferred to our hospital because of right chest pain and fever. His chest X-ray showed an extra-pleural mass and chest CT scan showed a mass lesion with right 7th rib fracture. 67Gallium and bone scintigram showed uptake at the same site. We performed a CT-guided puncture biopsy. Pathological findings of the specimen showed diffuse proliferation of histiocytoid cells with some eosinophils. The histiocytes were positive for S-100 protein and CD1a on immunohistochemical stain. Langerhans cell histiocytosis was diagnosed. There was no other involvement of the disease except the rib. The tumor resolved only with smoking cessation and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. An association between smoking and progressions of the rib disease was suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Quality of life as an independent prognostic factor in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in general practice].

Although quality of life (QOL) has become an important aspect of lung cancer trials, it has rarely been evaluated in general practice. We have been assessing QOL in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in general practice. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed factors of the baseline QOL score in relation to response to chemotherapy and survival in 43 consecutive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy. QOL was evaluated with the QLQ-C30 of The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. In multivariate analysis, the cognitive functioning score was the only significant factor in both response to treatment and survival. In conclusion, the QOL score is an independent factor in both response to chemotherapy and survival even in general practice; and cognitive functioning is the most important factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical lung biopsy for interstital lung diseases: complications, diagnostic yield and mortality].

We retrospectively reviewed 110 consecutive patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) who underwent surgical lung biopsy over 13 years from 1989-2002. Surgical procedures, medical records, surgical complications and outcome including post-operative exacerbation of ILDs were assessed in order to clarify the safety and efficacy of surgical lung biopsy. Forty-one patients underwent open lung biopsy (OLB), while 69 patients received videothoracoscopic lung biopsy (VTLB). There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, pulmonary function, arterial oxygen pressure and therapy prior to surgery between the two groups. The mean number of biopsy specimens was 2.5. Left side was selected as the site of biopsy in 70 cases. Duration of surgery was not significantly different between 2 groups. Bleeding during operation was less in the VTLB group than in the OLB group, although the mean bleeding amount was only 16.5mL. The duration of thoracic drainage and length of hospital stay were shorter in the VTLB group. The overall rate of surgical complications was 10.9%, with no difference between the two groups. The overall 30-day post-SLB mortality was 6.4% and majority of these had a very poor prognosis pathologically. The diagnostic yield of all 110 cases was 98.2%. SLB is a relatively safe and efficient diagnostic method in the diagnosis of ILDs.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Case of acute respiratory distress syndrome in which high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) was effective for the management of severe hypoxemia].

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of acute prostatitis. After admission he produced bloody sputum and chest radiograph showed bilateral infiltration of the upper lung fields. The fraction of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 15.6%, lymphocytes were 33.6%, eosinophils were 26.6% and macrophages were 23.6%. No special findings were observed in the lung tissue obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy. After admission, he displayed acute respiratory distress syndrome with severe hypoxemia as dyspnea gradually progressed. We commenced treatment with high-dose pulse methylprednisolone and neutrophil elastase inhibitor under mechanical ventilation. Because severe hypoxemia was unresolved, HFOV was initiated on the 8th hospital day. His respiratory condition rapidly improved during HFOV. On the 17th hospital day, he was weaned from mechanical ventilation. HFOV seem to be safe and effective for patients with severe ARDS who failed conventional ventilation support.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib.

Although pulmonary toxicity associated with gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has been reported recently, the accumulation of clinical information and the underlying mechanisms of gefitinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain insufficient and unclear. After retrospectively reviewing the clinical records and chest X-rays of 489 lung cancer patients who were treated with gefitinib, we diagnosed four cases of gefitinib-induced ILD who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We found that the period of time from starting gefitinib to the onset of ILD was short, and concluded that a careful and close observation of a chest imaging study and a collection of respiratory symptoms was recommended. All four patients were treated with a high dose of corticosteroids, and ILD was resolved. We detected high levels of interferon-inducible protein-10 in BAL fluid, although we could not demonstrate the characteristic features of laboratory findings or BAL fluid cell analysis. We speculated that a Th1 type of lung tissue inflammation or lung injury might be involved as a part of mechanisms underlying gefitinib-induced ILD.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Interaction of DJ-1 with Daxx inhibits apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activity and cell death.

Investigations into the cellular and molecular biology of genes that cause inherited forms of Parkinson's disease, as well as the downstream pathways that they trigger, shed considerable light on our understanding the fundamental determinants of life and death in dopaminergic neurons. Homozygous deletion or missense mutation in DJ-1 results in autosomal recessively inherited Parkinson's disease, suggesting that wild-type DJ-1 has a favorable role in maintaining these neurons. Here, we show that DJ-1 protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death, but that its relatively modest ability to quench reactive oxygen species is insufficient to account for its more robust cytoprotective effect. To elucidate the mechanism of this cell-preserving function, we have screened out the death protein Daxx as a DJ-1-interacting partner. We demonstrate that wild-type DJ-1 sequesters Daxx in the nucleus, prevents it from gaining access to the cytoplasm, from binding to and activating its effector kinase apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, and therefore, from triggering the ensuing death pathway. All these steps are impaired by the disease-causing L166P mutant isoform of DJ-1. These findings suggest that the regulated sequestration of Daxx in the nucleus and keeping apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activation in check is a critical mechanism by which DJ-1 exerts its cytoprotective function.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2005

Quadriceps weakness is related to exercise capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: In COPD, it has been shown that peripheral muscle dysfunction is a factor determining exercise intolerance. We examined the hypothesis that exercise capacity of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is, at least in part, determined by peripheral muscle dysfunction. METHODS: Maximum oxygen uptake (V(O2)max) was evaluated in 41 consecutive patients with IPF, along with potential determinants of exercise capacity, both in the lungs and in the peripheral muscles. RESULTS: Patients had reduced V(O2)max (893 +/- 314 mL, 46.0% predicted) and reduced quadriceps force (QF) [65% predicted]. Significant correlates of V(O2)max reduction were vital capacity (VC) [r = 0.79], total lung capacity (r = 0.64), diffusion capacity (r = 0.64), QF (r = 0.62), maximum expiratory pressure (r = 0.48), and Pa(O2) at rest (r = 0.33). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, VC and QF were independent predictors of V(O2)max. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, QF was a significant contributing factor for V(O2)max in patients who discontinued exercise because of dyspnea and/or leg fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that QF is a predictor of exercise capacity in IPF. Measures that improve muscle function might improve exercise tolerance.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cold exposure induces tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT through NMDA receptors in the rat hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus has a central role in maintaining homeostases of physiological conditions including body temperature and energy balance. To examine molecular responses to cold exposure in the hypothalamus, we examined changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus after acute cold exposure in rats. It was found that brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (BIT, also called SHPS-1, SIRPalpha or p84), a transmembrane glycoprotein with two ITIM motifs, showed enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation after cold exposure. Its tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cold exposure was also found in other hypothalamic nuclei including the paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, ventromedial hypothalamus, and arcuate nucleus. This phosphorylation was blocked by AP-5, an NMDA receptor antagonist, indicating that it was mediated by NMDA receptors. These results suggest that BIT is involved in the mechanism of neuronal responses to cold exposure in the hypothalamus.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2004

Tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT on photic stimulation in the rat retina.

BIT is a transmembrane glycoprotein with three immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region and tyrosine phosphorylation sites in its cytosolic region. We have previously shown that BIT was tyrosine phosphorylated in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to light exposure during the dark period, and suggested that it was involved in the light entrainment of the circadian clock. To further investigate the function of BIT in the nervous system, we examined the effect of photic stimulation on its tyrosine phosphorylation in the rat retina. It was found that the tyrosine phosphorylation level of BIT in the retina was higher in the light period than in the dark period. In addition, a light stimulation during the dark period resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of BIT and a subsequent association of BIT with SHP-2. The phosphorylation state was quickly reverted when the light was turned off. The light-dependent phosphorylation of BIT was also observed in isolated cultured retinas, and this was blocked by a specific Src-family inhibitor, PP-2. Immunohistochemical study showed that BIT was highly enriched in the inner and outer plexiform layers in the retina, where the immunoreactivity to anti-SHP-2 antibody was also detected. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT is involved in neuronal transmission in the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD: implications for therapy.

While asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways involving mediators released from mast cells and eosinophils, inflammation alone is insufficient to explain the chronic nature of the disease. Recent progress in the understanding of disease pathogenesis has revealed that airway remodeling, which is at least in part due to an excess of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the airway wall, plays a significant role in airflow obstruction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been suggested to be the major proteolytic enzymes to induce airway remodeling in asthma and COPD. It has been widely accepted that different inflammatory processes are involved in asthma and COPD with different inflammatory cells, mediators, and responses to treatments. Despite these different processes, airflow obstruction and airway remodeling characterize these two diseases. MMP-2 and -9 have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in both diseases and MMP-12, in addition to these MMPs, in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this review, we discuss the current views on the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and COPD. Anti-MMP therapy could theoretically be useful to prevent airway remodeling in asthma and COPD. However, to date no clinical data are available regarding the efficacy of anti-MMP therapies in the treatment of patients with asthma and COPD.

Asthma↗