Biomedical subjects

Hitoshi Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to Hitoshi Inoue.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

[Screening chest X-ray examination with kinetic analysis using flat-panel detector].

We are developing dynamic screening radiography to provide kinetic information for lung respiratory examination using a flat-panel-detector (FPD) system. We modified the FPD system (CANON CXDI-22) to take sequential images for a short period of time (10 seconds, 3 frames/sec). Sequential chest radiographs from full inspiration to expiration were taken and analyzed for diaphragm movement and density changes in local lung areas to objectively detect respiratory anomalies. Our methods derived some respiratory functions such as regional air passage and lung structure movement, and suggested that the degree of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pneumonia could be evaluated quantitatively.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

pc1 and psc1, zebrafish homologs of Drosophila Polycomb and Posterior sex combs, encode nuclear proteins capable of complex interactions.

Drosophila Polycomb group proteins are thought to form multimeric nuclear complexes that are responsible for stable transmission of repressed states of gene expression during the proliferation of differentiating embryos. In this study, we cloned, sequenced, and characterized two Polycomb group homologs, designated pc1 and psc1, in zebrafish. Amino acid sequence analyses determined that pc1 is a structural homolog of Drosophila Polycomb and that psc1 is a homolog of Drosophila Posterior sex combs. Northern blots and whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that pc1 and psc1 had overlapping expression patterns at successive stages of embryogenesis. Immunocytochemistry localized both Pc1 and Psc1 protein in blastomere nuclei. Pull-down assays and two-hybrid system deletion analyses showed that these proteins were capable of homotypic and heterotypic interactions and identified the regions required for these interactions. The evidence supports the idea that zebrafish Polycomb group proteins, like those of other species, form nuclear complexes with compositions that may vary in a spatio-temporal manner during development.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for advanced testicular cancer after chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Nerve-sparing techniques are commonly used in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with early stage testicular germ cell tumors to preserve postoperative ejaculation. The indications for nerve-sparing procedures have been extended to patients who have residual retroperitoneal tumor postchemotherapy with an increase in the incidence of local recurrence. Here, we report on 26 Japanese men with advanced testicular cancer who underwent nerve-sparing RPLND after partially successful chemotherapy. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2000, 26 patients with metastatic or recurrent testicular cancer underwent nerve-sparing RPLND after chemotherapy. Eight patients had seminoma and 18 had non-seminoma. Three patients received high-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin (250 mg/m2 per day x 5 days), etoposide (300 mg/m2 per day x 5 days) and ifosfamide (1.5 g/m2 per day x 5 days) in combination with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: In all cases, lumbar splanchnic nerves were preserved macroscopically during the operation, at least unilaterally. Twenty-two patients (84.6%) achieved antegrade ejaculation during a mean follow-up at 3.9 months (range: 1-7 months). Three patients have fathered children. Only one patient suffered a retroperitoneal recurrence during a median follow-up at 25.8 months (range: 6-76 months). CONCLUSION: Nerve-sparing procedures for RPLND are appropriate for patients with metastatic testicular cancer, even after chemotherapy. The procedure preserves ejaculatory function in the majority of the patients without increasing the risk of local recurrence. Nerve-sparing RPLND improves the quality of life in patients who require postchemotherapy RPLND to treat residual tumor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Doxycycline induces apoptosis by way of caspase-3 activation with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase in human T-lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM cells.

Evidence for nonantibiotic activity displayed by tetracycline has been extensively reported in the field of antiinflammation. Here, we report a growth-inhibitory effect of doxycycline on CCRF-CEM, a T-lymphoblastic human leukemic cell line. Cells were incubated with doxycycline at concentrations ranging from zero to 50 micromol/L. We examined the hypothesis that induction of apoptosis is one of the mechanisms by which doxycycline inhibits CCRF-CEM proliferation. Caspase-3 activity of cells grown in the presence of 10 micromol/L and 50 micromol/L doxycycline increased dose-dependently after 24 hours in culture. The demonstration that doxycycline induces APO 2.7 expression in CCRF-CEM cells in vitro also supports its capacity for induction of apoptosis. The level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was significantly lower in the medium cultured with 50 micromol/L doxycycline than the control. These phenomena suggest that this well-tolerated oral agent has the potential to be of value in antileukemic therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2002

Dexamethasone-resistant human Pre-B leukemia 697 cell line evolving elevation of intracellular glutathione level: an additional resistance mechanism.

Glucocorticoids remain among the most important drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although the mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance have been studied in some T-cell leukemic cell lines, less work has been done with B-cell lines. We established a dexamethasone (DEX)-resistant human pre-B lineage leukemia cell line (697/DEX) and investigated the mechanism of resistance. 697/DEX was over 430-fold more resistant to DEX compared with the parental cells (697/Neo). Overexpression of Bcl-2 protein was not observed in 697/DEX, different from the mechanism of resistance in Bcl-2-virus-infected cells (697/Bcl-2). Although the expression of p-glycoprotein (Pgp) in 697/DEX was positive, its functional activity was not detected. The numbers of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in 697/DEX and 697/Bcl-2 were significantly lower than those in 697/Neo. In addition, 697/DEX and 697/Bcl-2 had higher levels of glutathione (GSH) than 697/Neo. In the presence of L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, both 697/DEX and 697/Bcl-2 recovered their sensitivity to DEX. Interestingly, cell death by the depletion of GSH did not involve caspase-3/7 activation in 697/Bcl-2 and 697/DEX, different from 697/Neo, suggesting a death mechanism through caspase-independent programmed cell death or necrosis. In conclusion, DEX-resistance in 697/DEX was related not only to a GR decrease, but also to an increase in intracellular GSH level in the DEX-resistant B-cell leukemia cell line. Circumvention of DEX-resistance with BSO may offer an approach to overcoming resistance to chemotherapy in B-cell lineage ALL.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed2002

[Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis after intrarenal bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for carcinoma in situ of upper urinary tract: a case report].

A 73-year-old man was admitted with high fever. Histopathologically, he was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of bilateral upper urinary tracts and urinary bladder in April, 1995. Double J shape ureteral catheter was placed in the left ureter to induce vesicoureteral reflux and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was instilled intravesically every week. Then, the same procedure was performed on the other side. Unfortunately, the treatments could not be completed due to severe complications (high fever and renal dysfunction). Follow-up studies revealed that the left kidney had lost function and right upper urinary tract still had CIS. Therefore, right nephroureterectomy was performed for right renal pelvic cancer (TCC, G3, pT1) followed by permanent hemodialysis in September, 1996. Invasive bladder cancer arose in the abandoned bladder and cystourethrectomy and left ureterocutaneostomy was performed in September, 1999. In April 2000, imaging studies revealed a renal pelvic tumor in his left kidney and left nephroureterectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the left renal pelvis.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Hormonal chemotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer].

To our knowledge, no standard chemotherapy for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) has been established. Since most patients with HRPC are elderly and have bone metastasis, cytotoxic chemotherapy causes them to be at high risk for myelosuppression. Therefore, chemotherapeutic agents with low toxicity and good compliance should be elected. We conducted three regimens for HRPC on an outpatient basis. Eligibility criteria were defined as serial rising PSA values on 3 or more occasions at least 2 weeks apart or radiological new or extensive lesions under hormonal therapy. The first regimen is comprised of cyclophosphamide (CPM), 100 mg/day, UFT, 400 mg/day, and estramustine phosphate (EMP), 560 mg/day in two daily fractions. The second regimen is comprised of an oral administration of dexamethasone (DEX) (0.5-2 mg/day). The third regimen is comprised of DEX, 1 mg/day, cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/day and UFT, 400 mg/day in two daily fractions. Post-therapy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in serum, objective response on bone scan or measurable disease, and symptomatic response on bone pain were assessed. All regimens showed clinical efficacy with mild toxicity. Indications and limitations of these regimens are discussed. Further, the combination trials of taxane and EMP in patients with HRPC are reviewed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on biliary tract carcinoma in the case with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features of pancreaticobiliary maljunction and to determine the appropriate surgical approach for biliary tract with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. METHODOLOGY: The data of 77 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction including 13, who had been treated for biliary tract cancer, were reviewed retrospectively. We assessed the clinical features, biological characteristics of the cancer, methods of surgical treatment, postoperative outcome and cell proliferating activity of the biliary epithelium, evaluated by the PCNALI (proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling index). RESULTS: The incidence of cancer development in the case with pancreaticobiliary maljunction was 13.4% in the bile duct dilatation group (n = 67) and 40.0% in the non-dilatation group (n = 10). Dissection of lymphadenectomy was performed in 10 (76.9%) of 13 patients, and curative resection was feasible in 9 of the 10 patients. Two (20.0%) of the 10 patients had lymph node involvement noted at surgery and died of recurrence. In the other eight patients without lymph node involvement at surgery, six patients underwent curative resection and are alive at 7 months to 11 years and 6 months after surgery. PCNALI of the biliary epithelium of the patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction was significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, it should be stressed that the extrahepatic bile duct be prophylactically removed, even when there are no neoplasmatic changes because of high prevalence of cancer development, presumably predicted by the increase of cell proliferative activity in the biliary epithelium. For patients with biliary cancer, early detection at the stage with no lymph node involvement is essential to secure for long-term survival.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between types of common channel and development of biliary tract cancer in pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence of biliary tract cancer development is high among patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. However, there have been no reports published evaluating the incidence of development of biliary tract cancers in pancreaticobiliary maljunction based on the morphology of the common channel at the junction of the bile and pancreatic ducts. We evaluated between types of common channel and development of biliary tract cancers in pancreaticobiliary maljunction. METHODOLOGY: During the last 21 years, we have experienced 78 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Of those patients, 44 adult patients, whose morphologic types of common channel were identified by cholangiography, were enrolled in this study. The dilatation patterns of the common channel were classified into 3 types: A type (moderately dilated type), B type (markedly dilated type), and C type (non-dilated type). Evaluated items included the length and dilation patterns of the common channel, incidence of development of biliary tract cancers and proliferative activity in the biliary tract epithelium. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had a common channel shorter than 20 mm, while 27 had a common channel of 20 mm or longer. Eleven patients with a common channel of 20 mm or longer had development of bile tract cancers. The dilation patterns of the common channel were classified as A (11 patients), B (16 patients) and C type (17 patients). Amylase levels in the biliary tract were higher in patients with A and B type than in patients with the C type. Development of gallbladder cancer was observed in 6 patients with A, 2 patients with B and one patient with C, while development of bile duct cancer was observed in 2 patients with C and one patient with B. The PCNAL.I. of the biliary epithelium was higher in patients with A, B and C type in descending order. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of development of biliary tract cancer was higher in patients with common channel of 20 mm or longer. The proliferative activity in the biliary epithelium was accelerated in patients with A type, together with a high incidence of development of gallbladder cancer.

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic↗