Is there a role for sequential in sequential anti-H. pylori therapy?
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
Hong Lu
Publications and source records attributed to Hong Lu.
Cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate inhibits infection by cell-free and cell-associated primary HIV-1 isolates.
Cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate (CAP), a pharmaceutical excipient used for enteric film coating of capsules and tablets, was previously shown to have potent inhibitory activity against infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) T cell line-adapted (TCLA) strains. In the present study, we determined the inhibitory activity of CAP against infection by cell-free and cell-associated primary HIV-1 isolates with distinct genotypes and biotypes in cervical explants, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytederived macrophages (MDMs), and CEMx174 5.25M7 cells. CAP blocked infection by cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in cervical explants. It inhibited infection by cell-free primary HIV-1 isolates (clades A to G and group O) in PBMCs, MDMs, and CEMx174 5.25M7 cells and blocked transmissions of the cell-associated primary HIV-1 isolates from dendritic cells (DCs) to PBMCs, from MDMs to PBMCs, and from PBMCs to CEMx174 5.25M7 cells. The inhibitory activity of CAP on infection by the cell-free and cell-associated primary HIV-1 isolates is independent of viral subtypes and coreceptor usage. These data suggest that CAP is a good microbicide candidate that can be further developed for preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1.
Anti-HIV Agents↗
Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion by blocking gp41 core formation.
Several studies have shown that phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (PS-ONs) have a sequence-independent antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). It has also been suggested that PS-ONs inhibit HIV-1 by acting as attachment inhibitors that bind to the V3 loop of gp120 and prevent the gp120-CD4 interaction. Here we show that PS-ONs (and their fully 2'-O-methylated derivatives) are potent inhibitors of HIV-1-mediated membrane fusion and HIV-1 replication in a size-dependent, phosphorothioation-dependent manner. PS-ONs interact with a peptide derived from the N-terminal heptad repeat region of gp41, and the HIV-1 fusion-inhibitory activity of PS-ONs is closely correlated with their ability to block gp41 six-helix bundle formation, a critical step during the process of HIV-1 fusion with the target cell. These results suggest that the increased hydrophobicity of PS-ONs may contribute to their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 fusion and entry, because longer PS-ONs (>or=30 bases) which have a greater hydrophobicity are more potent in blocking the hydrophobic interactions involved in the gp41 six-helix bundle formation and inhibiting the HIV-1-mediated cell-cell fusion than shorter PS-ONs (<30 bases). This novel antiviral mechanism of action of long PS-ONs has implications for therapy against infection by HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses with type I fusion proteins.
Cell Line↗
Pharmacokinetics of puerarin and ginsenoside Rg1 of CBN injection and the relation with platelet aggregation in rats.
In order to study the pharmacokinetics of puerarin and ginsenoside Rg1 of cerebral blood nutrition (CBN) and its relationship with pharmacodynamics of platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rat, the blood samples after injection were collected. The concentrations of puerarin and ginsenoside Rg1 in plasma were determined by RP-HPLC, and the platelet aggregations were observed simultaneously. The data showed that there was distinct statistic significance (p < 0.01) for puerarin processing, which was a single compartment model with quick elimination rate (t(1/2beta) = 18 min) and MRT (26 min), while ginsenoside Rg1 processing was a double compartment model with rapid distribution rate (t(1/2alpha) = 8 min), slow elimination rate (t(1/2beta) = 11 hours) and MRT (3.3 hours). Effects of anti-platelet aggregation were presented at 5-10 min, 45-90 min and 6-8 hours after injection separately, and the corresponding concentrations of puerarin were 25-21 microg/ml, 4.5-0.8 microg/ml and 0 microg/ml, ginsenoside Rg1 were 7.6-6.7 microg/ml, 1.2-0.6 microg/ml and 1.8-0.5 microg/ml. The two components presented a positive correlation between their concentrations and the effect of anti-platelet aggregation in 5-10 min after CBN injection (coefficient of correlation were 0.999 and 0.995). However, it was noted that the effect was still stronger even when concentrations of puerarin and ginsenoside Rg1 in plasma decreased. Therefore, puerarin and ginsenoside Rg1 not only had different pharmacokinetics, but also had a positive correlation with platelet aggregation, just in 5-10 min after CBN injection.
Animals↗
[The application of the magnetic resonance hydrography of inner ear in diagnosing large vestibular aqueduct syndrome].
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the magnetic resonance hydrography of inner ear technique in diagnosing large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. METHOD: 3D-Fast Advanced Spin Echo MR imaging was performed on the petrosal bone of the patient who suffered from large vestibular aqueduct syndrome(LVAS). Then all the original images were transferred to an online workstation and underwent image postprocessing. The 3D images of the inner ears were obtained after 3D reconstruction. RESULT: The MR hydrography of inner ear of the patient displayed that there was an extradural high-signal intumescence which was like silver shape and the edge of it was smooth and neat between the sigmoid sinus of the posterior cranial fossa and the inner acoustic meatus. The maximum width of the mid position of endolymphatic sac in the temporal bone of the patient was 2.470 mm. This was much bigger than the diagnosis standard of the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome with ordinary MR imaging. CONCLUSION: The MR hydrography technique is an effective method to diagnose large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. The final diagnosis in clinic could be made with the assistance of this technique.
Adult↗
[Applicational study of 3D reconstruction with spiral computed tomography in evaluation of anatomical complicated bones fracture].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate forensic diagnosis application of three-dimentional reconstruction with spiral computed tomography in fracture of anatomical complicated bones. METHODS: Selected eleven patients of bone fracture who were examined with SCT 3D and conventional X-ray examination. The location, number and characteristics were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: In all of eleven patients with bone fractures, X-ray examination could detect thirty-four rib fracture, one scapula fracture, two nasal fracture, one metacarpal bone incomplete fracture and one left tibia-fibula fracture, one pubis fracture. While there were forty-seven rib fracture, one scapula smash fracture, one nasal fracture with obvious displacement and eliminate one misplace, one left tibia-fibula obsolete fracture and one sacroiliac joint dislocation, one No 5 lumbar vertebrae pedicle of vertebrae arch fracture. Combining 3D reconstruction images, coronary and sagittal reconstruction images could show clearly the fracture line, location of fracture, number of fracture, displacement and recovery. CONCLUSION: 3D reconstruction technique of SCT is a very useful examination method in the objective forensic diagnosis of anatomical complicated bones fracture, it excels the routine X-ray examination.
Adult↗
[The measuring of ECP and IgE in middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media of effusion].
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between otitis media of effusion (OME) and allergy by investigating eosinophil cationic protein in middle ear effusion ( MECP), middle ear effusion IgE (MIgE) and serum eosinophil cationic protein (SECP). METHOD: The specimens drawn from 31 patients of OME were tested with Uni-CAP-100 allergic antigen testing system for the MECP, IgE and SECP. The results then were analyzed by statistical methods. RESULT: MECP were found in all the effusion specimens of 31 patients, the average concentration of which was 56.88 microg/L. The MECP concentration level in nine specimens (28.1%) was significantly elevated. The average concentration of MIgE was 27.2 ku/L. The MIgE concentration level in three specimens (9.7%) was remarkably increased. There was a positive correlation between the MECP level and the MIgE level( P <0.05). The average concentration of SECP was 5.6 microg/L. CONCLUSION: ECP exists in the middle ear effusion of OME. OME is an allergic inflammatory process more localized in middle ear itself in some patients. There may be a complicated allergic mechanism in OME.
Adolescent↗
[A clinical study of severe hepatitis treated with a partial plasma exchange artificial liver support system].
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Female↗
[Observation on therapeutic effect of Shaoshanhuo needling method on periarthritis of shoulder].
OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effect of Shaoshanhuo needling method on periarthritis of shoulder. METHODS: One hundred and twenty cases were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group of 57 cases and a control group of 63 cases. The treatment group were treated with Shaoshanhuo needling method and massage combined with functional exercise of shoulder joint, and the control group were treated with warming acupuncture and moxibustion combined with massage and functional exercise of shoulder joint. Their therapeutic effects were evaluated after 2 courses. RESULTS: The effective rate and the cured rate were 96.5% and 70.2% in the treatment group, and 88.9% and 50.8% in the control group respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups in the effective rate (P>0.05), but with a significant difference between the two groups in the cured rate (P<0.05), the treatment group being higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: Shaoshanhuo needling method has a better therapeutic effect on periarthritis of shoulder.
Acupuncture Therapy↗
(6,7-Dimethoxy-2,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-3-yl)phenylamines: platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with broad antiproliferative activity against tumor cells.
A series of (6,7-dimethoxy-2,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-3-yl)phenylamines has been optimized to preserve both potent kinase inhibition activity against the angiogenesis target, the receptor tyrosine kinase of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and to improve the broad tumor cell antiproliferative activity of these compounds. This series culminates in the discovery of 17 (JNJ-10198409), a compound with anti-PDGFR-beta kinase activity (IC(50)=0.0042 microM) and potent antiproliferative activity in six of eight human tumor cell lines (IC(50) < 0.033 microM).
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Cathepsin B and its interacting proteins, bikunin and TSRC1, correlate with TNF-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells OV-90.
Increasing evidence suggests that lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins contribute to the progression of cell apoptosis. Here we found that apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells OV-90 triggered by TNF was cathepsin B-depended. Two cathepsin B binding proteins, bikunin and TSRC1, were identified by yeast two-hybrid method and the interactions were confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of bikunin could suppress TNF-induced apoptosis of OV-90 cells, and TSRC1 overexpression had an opposite effect on apoptosis. The presented results suggest that cathepsin B and its interacting proteins, bikunin and TSRC1, are involved in the apoptotic pathway of ovarian cancer cells.
ADAMTS Proteins↗
Tissue distribution and thyroid hormone regulation of Pept1 and Pept2 mRNA in rodents.
Peptide transporters (Pept) have essential physiological functions and also transport various drugs. Information regarding tissue distribution and gene regulation of Pept in rodents is limited. The present study investigated the distribution of Pept1 and Pept2 mRNA in 19 tissues of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice, as well as thyroid hormone regulation of renal Pept expression in male rats, using the branched DNA signal amplification assay. Pept1 mRNA was not only highly expressed in small intestine, but also detectable in gonads of both species, kidney of rats, and large intestine of mice. Pept2 mRNA was the highest in kidney, followed by brain and lung. The present study offers the first evidence of considerable Pept2 mRNA expression in pituitary and reproductive organs (testis, prostate, ovary, and uterus). Interestingly, Pept2 mRNA expression in mouse prostate appeared to be much higher than that in rat prostate. Thyroidectomy increased Pept1 and Pept2 mRNA in male rat kidney; such increases were abolished by thyroid hormone replacement.
Animals↗
Expression of LASS2 controlled by LAG1 or ADH1 promoters cannot functionally complement Lag1p.
LAG1 contributes to the substrate specificity and catalytic activity of ceramide synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Double deletion of LAG1 and its yeast homologue LAC1 results in the slow growth defect of the cell under certain genetic backgrounds. LASS2, containing the conserved TLC domain and the specific HOX domain, is a human homologue of Lag1p. In this study, shuffling tests and tetrad analyses were carried out to examine the complementation between Lag1p and LASS2 or its fragment containing the TLC domain but lacking the HOX domain (LASS2DeltaHOX). Controlled by either the natural weak LAG1 promoter or the strong yeast ADH1 promoter, LASS2 and LASS2DeltaHOX could not rescue the slow growth defect of double mutant. The results indicated that LASS2 or LASS2DeltaHOX could not functionally complement Lag1p.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
Identification of N-phenyl-N'-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-oxalamides as a new class of HIV-1 entry inhibitors that prevent gp120 binding to CD4.
We have identified two N-phenyl-N'-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-oxalamide analogs as a novel class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry inhibitors that block the gp120-CD4 interaction, using database screening techniques. The lead compounds, NBD-556 and NBD-557, are small molecule organic compounds with drug-like properties. These compounds showed potent cell fusion and virus-cell fusion inhibitory activity at low micromolar levels. A systematic study showed that these compounds target viral entry by inhibiting the binding of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the cellular receptor CD4 but did not inhibit reverse transcriptase, integrase, or protease, indicating that they do not target the later stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to inhibit HIV-1 infection. These compounds were equally potent inhibitors of both X4 and R5 viruses tested in CXCR4 and CCR5 expressing cell lines, respectively, indicating that their anti-HIV-1 activity is not dependent on the coreceptor tropism of the virus. A surface plasmon resonance study, which measures binding affinity, clearly demonstrated that these compounds bind to unliganded HIV-1 gp120 but not to the cellular receptor CD4. NBD-556 and NBD-557 were active against HIV-1 laboratory-adapted strains including an AZT-resistant strain and HIV-1 primary isolates, indicating that these compounds can potentially be further modified to become potent HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
Anti-HIV Agents↗
Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors.
The proliferation of large-scale DNA-sequencing projects in recent years has driven a search for alternative methods to reduce time and cost. Here we describe a scalable, highly parallel sequencing system with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art capillary electrophoresis instruments. The apparatus uses a novel fibre-optic slide of individual wells and is able to sequence 25 million bases, at 99% or better accuracy, in one four-hour run. To achieve an approximately 100-fold increase in throughput over current Sanger sequencing technology, we have developed an emulsion method for DNA amplification and an instrument for sequencing by synthesis using a pyrosequencing protocol optimized for solid support and picolitre-scale volumes. Here we show the utility, throughput, accuracy and robustness of this system by shotgun sequencing and de novo assembly of the Mycoplasma genitalium genome with 96% coverage at 99.96% accuracy in one run of the machine.
Electrophoresis, Capillary↗
Regulation of interleukin-6 promoter activation in gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori.
The regulation of Helicobacter pylori induced interleukin (IL)-6 in the gastric epithelium remains unclear. Primary gastric epithelial cells and MKN28 cells were cocultured with H. pylori and its isogenic cag pathogenicity island (PAI) mutant and/or oipA mutants. H. pylori infection-induced IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 protein production, which was further enhanced by the cag PAI and OipA. Luciferase reporter gene assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that full IL-6 transcription required binding sites for nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), cAMP response element (CRE), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and activator protein (AP)-1. The cag PAI and OipA were involved in binding to NF-kappaB, AP-1, CRE, and C/EBP sites. The cag PAI activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways; OipA activated the p38 pathway. Transfection of dominant negative G-protein confirmed roles for Raf, Rac1, and RhoA in IL-6 induction. Overall, the cag PAI-related IL-6 signal transduction pathway involved the Ras/Raf/MEK1/2/ERK/AP-1/CRE pathway and the JNK/AP-1/CRE pathway; the OipA-related pathway is p38/AP-1/CRE and both the cag PAI and OipA appear to be involved in the RhoA/Rac1/NF-kappaB pathway. Combination of different pathways by the cag PAI and OipA will lead to the maximum IL-6 induction.
CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins↗
Induction of estrus in suckled female yaks (Bos grunniens) and synchronization of ovulation in the non-sucklers for timed artificial insemination using progesterone treatments and Co-Synch regimens.
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the induction of estrus and fertility in yak cows treated with Co-Synch regimens or progesterone (P(4)). In Experiment 1, postpartum suckled yaks were assigned to three treatments: (1) A (n=28), insertion of an intravaginal device containing P(4) (CIDR) on Day 0, PGF(2alpha) (i.m.) on Day 6 and PMSG (i.m.) at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7 (P(4)-PGF(2alpha)-PMSG); (2) B (n=21), PGF(2alpha) (i.m.) on Day 6 and PMSG on Day 7; (3) C (n=26), control group. Seven yak bulls were grazed with the cows for natural breeding. Rate of estrus within 96h of the end of treatment was greater (P<0.05) in A (100.0%) than in B (28.6%) or C (0.0%). First service conception rate (CR) determined by serum P(4) on Day 21 after breeding was greater (P<0.05) in A (78.6%) than in B (22.2%). Also, pregnancy rate (PR) during the breeding season was greater (P<0.05) in A (82.1%) than in B (19.0%) and C (7.7%). In Experiment 2, non-suckled yaks that calved in previous years but not in the current year were assigned to three treatments: (1) A (n=31), GnRH (i.m.) on Day 0, followed by PGF(2alpha) on Day 7 and timed artificial insemination (TAI) concurrently with GnRH treatment on Day 9 (Co-Synch regimen); (2) B (n=50), a CIDR device for 7 days plus PGF(2alpha) and PMSG at the time of CIDR withdrawal on Day 7 and TAI on Day 9 (P(4)-PGF(2alpha)-PMSG); (3) C (n=50), yak cows were artificially inseminated at spontaneous estrus. Frozen semen of Holstein and Jersey were used for insemination in Experiment 2. The CR assessed by rectal palpation 35 days after TAI was not different in A (22.6%), B (30.0%) and C (33.3%), but PR was greater in A and B than in C, when based on those cows presented for estrous synchronization programs. It is concluded that P(4)-PGF(2alpha)-PMSG protocol could efficiently induce estrus and result in an acceptable pregnancy rate in postpartum suckled yak cows. This technique and Co-Synch regimen can be applied successfully for TAI of non-suckled yak cows.
Animals↗
Construction, expression and characterization of human interferon alpha2b-(G4S)n-thymosin alpha1 fusion proteins in Pichia pastoris.
AIM: Interferon alpha2b (IFNalpha2b) and thymosin alpha1 (Talpha1) exhibit synergic effects in the treatment of hepatitis B and hepatitis C when used together. For developing a fusion protein drug, fusion proteins of IFNalpha2b and Talpha1 linked by different lengths of (G4S)n (n = 1-3) were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris. METHODS: Using PCR and molecular clone techniques, the fusion genes of IFNalpha2b-(G4S)n-Talpha1 (n = 1-3) were constructed and subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pPIC9. After transformation of these plasmids into P. pastoris, the expressed fusion proteins IFNalpha2b-(G4S)n-Talpha1 (n = 1-3) were obtained. These proteins were purified through diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) affinity chromatography and Superdex 75 gel filtration and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Antiviral and E-rosette assays were used to investigate the bioactivities of these fusion proteins. RESULTS: DNA sequencing confirmed that the fusion genes of IFNalpha2b-(G4S)n-Talpha1 (n = 1-3) were correctly cloned to the pPIC9 vector. The recombinant IFNalpha2b-(G4S)n-Talpha1 (n = 1-3) fusion proteins expressed in P. pastoris were purified with DEAE and Superdex 75 gel filtration chromatography. The fusion proteins could be observed on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with molecular weight (MW) of 23.2, 22.9, and 22.6 ku, respectively, and reacted to the IFNalpha2b monoclonal antibody and Talpha1 polyclonal antibody. The purified fusion proteins exhibit antiviral activity and can enhance the percentage of E-rosette-forming-cell in E-rosette assay. CONCLUSION: The recombinant IFNalpha2b-(G4S)n-Talpha1 (n = 1-3) fusion proteins were successfully expressed in P. pastoris. Purified fusion proteins exhibit both antiviral activity of IFNalpha2b and immunomodulatory activity of Talpha1 in vitro. These results will be the basis for further evaluation of the fusion proteins' function in vivo.
Drug Design↗