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Biomedical subjects

Hong Miao

Publications and source records attributed to Hong Miao.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Surface contouring by optical edge projection based on a continuous wavelet transform.

A novel optical edge projection method for surface contouring of an object with low reflectivity is presented. A structured light edge is projected onto a dark surface, and the image is captured by a CCD camera. The surface profile of the object is then evaluated by an active triangular projection technique, and a whole-field three-dimensional contour of the object is obtained by scanning the optical edge over the entire object surface. An edge detection method based on a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is employed to determine the location of the optical edge. The method of optical edge detection is described, and characteristic details of gray-level distribution along the edge are analyzed. It is shown that the proposed wavelet edge detection method is not dependent on any threshold values; hence the true edge position can be determined without subjective selection. A black low-reflectivity object surface made from woven carbon fiber is measured, and the experimental results show that the profile of a woven carbon fiber can be obtained by the proposed method.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Prevention of oxidative injury by flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in PC12 cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important mediators in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuroprotective effects of flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat pheochromocytoma line PC12 injury were evaluated by cell lesion, free radicals and ATPase disorders. Following a 30 min exposure of the cells to H2O2 (100 microm), a marked decrease in cell survival and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Na+-K+-ATPase as well as an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were observed. Pretreatment of the cells with SSF (18-76 microg/mL) prior to H2O2 exposure notably elevated the cell survival and activity of SOD and Na+-K+-ATPase, and lowered the MDA level and LDH release. Neuroprotection by SSF was also observed in animal models. The present results indicated that SSF exerts neuroprotective effects against H2O2 toxicity, which might be of importance and might contribute to its clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2006

Effects of amelioration of total flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on cognitive deficits, neuronal damage and free radicals disorder induced by cerebral ischemia in rats.

Previous studies reported that the total flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (TFSS) could enhance and improve learning and memory abilities in experimental animals, and reduce the neuronal pathologic alterations induced by some reagents in mice. The present study examined whether TFSS can improve memory dysfunction, neuronal damage, and abnormal free radicals induced by permanent cerebral ischemia in rats. The permanent cerebral ischemic model in rats was produced by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. The influence of permanent cerebral ischemia on learning and memory was determined in the Morris water maze. The neuronal damage in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was assessed by the neuronal morphologic observations. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were measured using thiobarbituric acid, nitrate reductase, xanthine-xanthine oxidase, and ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric methods, respectively. In learning and memory performance tests, cerebral ischemic rats always required a longer latency time to find the hidden platform and spent a shorter time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze. TFSS 17.5-70 mg.kg(-1) daily orally administered to ischemic rats for 20 d, from day 16-35 after operation differently reduced the prolonged latency and increased swimming time spent in the target quadrant. In neuronal morphologic observations, daily oral TFSS 17.5-70 mg.kg(-1) for 21 d, from day 16-36 after operation markedly inhibited the ischemia-induced neuronal damage. In addition, the increased contents of MDA and NO, and SOD activity, and the decreased activity of CAT in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by cerebral ischemia were differently reversed. The reference drug piracetam (140 mg.kg(-1) per day for 20-21 d) similarly improved impaired memory and neuronal damage but had no significant effects on free radicals in ligated rats. TFSS can improve memory deficits and neuronal damage in rats after permanent cerebral ischemia, which may be beneficial in the treatment of cerebrovascular dementia.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Scutellaria flavonoid reduced memory dysfunction and neuronal injury caused by permanent global ischemia in rats.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of flavonoid, isolated from aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF), on memory deficits, neuronal degeneration and abnormal energy metabolism induced by permanent global ischemia in rats. The global ischemia was produced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. The permanent global ischemia in rats resulted in a significantly increased latency of the rat to find the hidden platform and a decreased swimming distance from the target quadrant in the Morris water maze task. The pathological changes in the neurons of ischemic rats, observed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, included neuron loss, neuron swelling, nuclear shrinkage or disappearance, neuronophagia and reduced density of Nissl bodies in the neuron. Moreover, the levels of lactate and ATPase activity in ischemic rats were notably increased and decreased, respectively, in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex as compared with sham-operated rats. Daily oral administration of SSF (35 mg/kg, 19-20 days) dramatically reduced the decrease in learning and memory, attenuated neuronal injury and improved abnormality of energy metabolites in rats induced by global ischemia. These findings suggest that SSF may be beneficial for the treatment of vascular dementia.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Profiling of differentially expressed chemotactic-related genes in MCP-1 treated macrophage cell line using human cDNA arrays.

AIM: To study the global gene expression of chemotactic genes in macrophage line U937 treated with human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) through the use of ExpreeChipHO2 cDNA array. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from MCP-1 treated macrophage line U937 and normal U937 cells, reversely transcribed to cDNA, and then screened in parallel with HO2 human cDNA array chip. The scanned result was additionally validated using RT-PCR. RESULTS: The result of cDNA array showed that one chemotactic-related gene was up-regulated more than two-fold (RANTES) and seven chemotactic-related genes were down-regulated more than two-fold (CCR1, CCR5, ccl16, GRObeta, GROgamma, IL-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein 2) in MCP-1 treated U937 cells at mRNA level. RT-PCR analysis of four of these differentially expressed genes gave results consistent with cDNA array findings. CONCLUSION: MCP-1 could influence some chemokine and receptor expressions in macrophages in vitro. MCP-1 mainly down-regulates the expression of chemotactic genes influencing neutrophilic granulocyte expression (GRObeta, GROgamma, IL-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein 2), and the mRNA level of CCR5, which plays a critical role in many disorders and illnesses.

Chemokine CCL2↗
PubMed2005

Wavelet analysis of speckle patterns with a temporal carrier.

A novel temporal phase-analysis technique that is based on wavelet analysis and a temporal carrier is presented. To measure displacement on a vibrating object by using electronic speckle pattern interferometry, one captures a series of speckle patterns, using a high-speed CCD camera. To avoid ambiguity in phase estimation, a temporal carrier is generated by a piezoelectric transducer stage in the reference beam of the interferometer. The intensity variation of each pixel on recorded images is then analyzed along the time axis by a robust mathematical tool, i.e., a complex Morlet wavelet transform. After the temporal carrier is removed, the absolute displacement of a vibrating object is obtained without the need for temporal or spatial phase unwrapping. The results obtained by a wavelet transform are compared with those from a temporal Fourier transform.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[Determination of clenbuterol in biological samples by high performance liquid chromatography with in series ultraviolet and electrochemical detection].

A method for the determination of clenbuterol in animal tissues and fluid is described. After a three-step pretreatment, involving sample extract, liquid-liquid partition and purification on a LC-WCX column, the separation of clenbuterol from interfering compounds present in biological samples was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column by high performance chromatography with in series ultraviolet and electrochemical detection. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and 0.01 mol/L potassium chloride (45:55). The UV-absorption 244 nm and the electrochemical detection pulse mode +1.0 V were applied in series. The results showed that concentration of clenbuterol and peak areas achieved a nice linear relation. The limit of detection of clenbuterol in animal foods is 0.5 microg/kg. The mean recovery of clenbuterol spiked at 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 0.5 microg/kg levels with chicken and liver samples were 42.2%-96.1%, RSD were from 12.4 to 19.7% (n = 7). With the described method, animal food samples and biological fluid (e.g. urine and blood) were analyzed with satisfaction.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Effects of forest restoration patterns on soil microbial communities].

In this paper, soil microbial community properties of five vegetation patterns were measured by bacterial, microbial biomass carbon and metabolic diversity (BIOLOG) assays to evaluate the effects of different forest restoration patterns on soil microbial community. The results showed that among five sampling sites, soil microbial biomass carbon and bacterial amount were the highest under natural secondary forest, while those in CK were the least. In BIOLOG assays, the average well colour development (AWCD) and the richness and diversity indices indicated the differences of microbial metabolic diversity. The variation tendency of the indices was the same as that of microbial biomass and bacterial amount. It is suggested that under natural secondary forest, soil microbial community had a stronger ability of utilizing carbon source and a greater functional diversity than that in plantations and CK. The metabolic diversity of microbial communities in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers showed a fairly good correlation with root biomass (r = 0.933, P < 0.05; r = 0.925, P < 0.05). In a word, soil microbial biomass, bacterial amount and metabolic diversity patterns were the highest under natural secondary forest, and natural restoration should be more propitious to improve the structure and function of soil microbial community.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed2002

Therapeutic effects of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce in anaemic children in China.

The therapeutic effects of NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce on anaemic students were investigated. Three hundred and four iron-deficient anaemic school children (11-17 years) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control group (consuming non-fortified soy sauce), low-NaFeEDTA group (consuming fortified soy sauce, providing 5 mg Fe/day) and high-NaFeEDTA group (consuming fortified soy sauce, providing 20 mg Fe/day). Blood haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined before and after 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of intervention. In addition, serum iron (SI), serum ferritin (SF), free erythrocytic porphyrin (FEP), total iron binding capability (TIBC) and transferritin (TF) were measured before and after consumption of soy sauce for 3 months. The results obtained herein show that the parameters measured were not changed remarkably within the 3-month intervention in the control group (P < 0.05). However, increased Hb, SI, SF and TF levels and decreased TIBC and FEP levels were observed in both the high-NaFeEDTA group (P <0.01) and the low-NaFeEDTA group (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of iron intervention in the low-NaFeEDTA group and high-NaFeEDTA group had no statistical significance after 3 months. It was concluded that nutritional intervention for anaemic students using NaFeEDTA-fortified soy sauce could play a positive role in the improvement of iron status and control of anaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in China.

South China has become the third largest region associated with acid deposition following Europe and North America, the area subject to damage by acid deposition increased from 1.75 million km2 in 1985 to 2.8 million km2 in 1993. Acid deposition has caused serious damage to ecosystem. Combined pollution of acid rain and SO2 showed the obvious multiple effects on crops. Vegetable was more sensitive to acid deposition than foodstuff crops. Annual economic loss of crops due to acid deposition damage in eleven provinces of south China was 4.26 billion RMB Yuan. Acid deposition caused serious damage to forest. Annual economic loss of wood volume was about 1.8 billion RMB Yuan and forest ecological benefit loss 16.2 billion in eleven provinces of south China. Acid deposition in south China was typical "sulfuric acid type". According to the thoughts of sustainable development, some strategies were brought forward as follows: (1) enhancing environmental management, specifying acid-controlling region, controlling and abating the total emission amount of SO2; (2) selecting practical energy technologies of clean coal, for example, cleansing and selecting coal, sulfur-fixed-type industrial briqutting, abating sulfur from waste gas and so on; (3) developing other energy sources to replace coal, including water electricity, atomic energy and the new energy such as solar energy, wind energy and so on; (4) in acid deposition region of south China, selecting acid-resistant type of crop and tree to decrease agricultural losses, planting more green fertilizer crops, using organic fertilizers and liming, in order to improve buffer capacities of soil.

Acid Rain↗
PubMed2002

Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline by column switching-back flushing technique and normalization method.

A simple and efficient method based on the technique of capillary column switching-back flushing was developed for the detailed analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline. The early eluting components from a pre-column and the components of interest eluting from an analytical column are all directed to a flame ionization detector through a tee piece, which facilitates the quantitation of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline by normalization method. Real samples were analyzed and RSD < or = 3%. The operation is simple and easy, and the switching time window is +/- 5 s.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of recombinant prothymosin alpha on secretion of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha in vitro].

AIM: To study the effect of prothymosin alpha (Pro T alpha) as a fusion protein on secretion of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha in vitro. METHODS: The in vitro study was carried out on the culture of splenocytes, splenic and peritoneal macrophages isolated from Balb/c mice. Splenocytes were incubated with various concentrations of Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7)-1 x 10(-10) mol.L-1) with or without Con A (5 micrograms.mL-1) for 72 h. Splenic and peritoneal macrophages were respectively treated with Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7)-1 x 10(-10) mol.L-1) in the presence of LPS (10 micrograms.mL-1) for 24 h. Then IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha levels in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1) was found to obviously increase IFN-gamma level (P < 0.05) in the supernatant of splenocytes compared with the control group. Moreover, Pro T alpha (1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1) significantly induced the secretion of IFN-alpha (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.01) in splenic and peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSION: In vitro, Pro T alpha could increase the secretion of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2002

[Application and development of terrestrial biogeochemical model].

Biogeochemical modeling plays a role as important as experimental measurement in ecosystem research. This paper analyzed the development of biogeochemical model using TEM and DNDC model as cases. Current biogeochemical models were classified according to modeling method, application purpose, element concerned, ecosystem type, and spatial scale. The basic framework (three component: plant, air and soil, and three interface: plantair, plant-soil, and soil-air) and interior fundamental processes (physical, chemical and biological processes) of biogeochemical models were reviewed, and some important problems concerning biogeochemical modeling, such as scale upping, integrating GIS and remote sensing, involved human activity, and comparison study were focused.

Ecosystem↗