Links between allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
Biomedical subjects
Hong-yu Wang
Publications and source records attributed to Hong-yu Wang.
[Time trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases over 7 years among adolescents in Guangzhou city].
OBJECTIVE: To assess time trends in the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Guangzhou urban adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III protocol was conducted in 2001. Cluster randomized samples of 3516 schoolchildren aged 13 - 14 from 10 secondary schools of four central districts were recruited for the study in Guangzhou city. The results were compared with those obtained in ISAAC Phase I Study (1994 - 1995), which used the identical and validated core questionnaires. Each subject was given an ISAAC Phase III written questionnaire to complete, followed by the video questionnaire about asthma at the same session in school. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of physicians' diagnosis of asthma in Phase III was 4.6%, which was similar to that of 3.9% in Phase I (P > 0.05). But the prevalence rates of wheeze and exercise-induced wheeze in the past 12 months by written questionnaire have increased from 3.4% and 17.4% in Phase I to 4.8% and 23.4% in Phase III respectively (all P < 0.01). By the video questionnaire, the 12-months prevalence rates of wheeze at rest and exercise-induced wheeze were also significantly higher in Phase III (3.8% and 11.3%) compared with those in Phase I (2.0% and 6.9%) (P < 0.01). The 12-months prevalence rates of nasal symptoms without common cold, both related to rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis had also increased from 39.5% and 8.7% in Phase I to 45.5% and 11.1% in Phase III, respectively (both P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the prevalence rates of physicians' diagnosis of hayfever and allergic rhinitis in Phase III were 4.1% and 22.7%, which were significantly higher than that of 2.9% and 17.4% in Phase I (both P < 0.05). The 12-months prevalence rate of flexural eczema symptoms had increased from 1.3% in Phase I to 2.2% in Phase III (P < 0.01). However, the prevalence rates of physicians' diagnosis of eczema were similar in both surveys (P > 0.05). The absolute percentage changes in 12-months prevalence rate related to symptoms and physicians' diagnosis for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema were more in males than those in females. CONCLUSION: There is a general tendency towards an increase in the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema over 7 years among adolescents in Guangzhou city, remarkably more so among males than females.
Adolescent↗
[Disparity of asthma prevalence in Chinese schoolchildren is due to differences in lifestyle factors].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the environmental lifestyle risk factors which may explain the disparity of asthma prevalence in the Chinese population. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 10 902 schoolchildren were recruited from Hong Kong (n = 3110), Beijing (n = 4277), and Guangzhou (n = 3565) using the ISAAC Phase II protocol. The average age of the children among three cities was 10.1-10.4 years and 50%-53% were male. Each subject was given an ISAAC Phase II questionnaire to be completed by the parents or guardians. Random subgroups of at least 1000 children from each city, added up to 3479 children underwent skin-prick testing. The sensitivity to eight common aeroallergens was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the environmental and lifestyle risk factors for asthma and atopy. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing in the past 12 months (Hong Kong, 5.8%; Beijing, 3.8%; Guangzhou, 3.4%) was significantly higher in schoolchildren from Hong Kong than that from the Mainland of China (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.35-1.99). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of gas cooking (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.32-3.26), foam pillow (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.19-3.16), and house dampness (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.25-2.71) were significant risk factors for "current wheezing". The use of cotton quilt (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.87), breast-feeding (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.96), and attendance of daycare (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.88) were protective factors against "current wheezing". When a summary measure of these variables was introduced into a regression model, the Mainland residency was no longer associated with "current asthma" or "current wheezing" suggesting that either these factors or other unmeasured factors associated with above factors are responsible for the lower prevalence of asthma in the Mainland of China. CONCLUSION: Several environmental and lifestyle factors represented characteristic of life in Mainland of China, including breast feeding, attendance of daycare, use of cotton quilt, use of pillow other than foam pillow, use of cooking fuel other than gas, and the absence of damp spots on the walls or ceiling, were the significant risk factors contributed to the disparity of asthma prevalence in children from Hong Kong and the Mainland of China.
Asthma↗
[Effect of 1-year specific immunotherapy with standardized house dust mite vaccine on mild to moderate allergic asthmatic patients].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with standardized house dust mite (HDM) vaccine on allergic asthmatic patients. METHODS: The investigation was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. 132 patients with mild to moderate asthma who were allergic to HDM, recruited from three hospitals of China (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Shenyang General Military Hospital, Suzhou Children's Hospital), were randomly allocated to the active group (n = 66) or the control group (n = 66) respectively. The active group received SIT with a standardized depot Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) extract absorbed to aluminium hydroxide (Alutard SQ, ALK-Abelló, Denmark), while the control group received a placebo containing histamine dihydrochloride by subcutaneous injections for 1 year. Treatment of each group was started from the initial concentration. Updosing was performed with weekly injections from four 10-fold dose-increase vials (active group: 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000 SQ-U/ml, control group: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 microg/ml. 100,000 SQ-U/ml of Der p extract contains 9.8 microg/ml of the majoy allergen Der p1). The single-dose was injected weekly with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 ml of each concentration in turn from the preceding 3 vials, totally for 9 weeks. Subsequently, the dose with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 ml of the highest concentration was injected weekly from the 10th-14th week and a maintenance dose with 1 ml was reached at the 15th week. The dosing interval was then gradually increased to 2, 4, 6 weeks until the end of the first 26-weeks updosing phase (phase I, H(1)). Thereafter, the dosing continued at 6-week intervals for maintenance phase (phase II, H(2)) till the end of the complete treatment. The patient was observed for at least 30 minutes in the clinic after each injection. RESULTS: A total of 132 subjects were randomized and 129 subjects (64 in the active group, 65 in the control group) completed the whole study. Dropouts included three females because of poor compliance, being afraid of the epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and emigration respectively. Both groups were comparable at baseline in all clinical and laboratory parameters. The mean daily symptom scores in 4-weekly began to diverge at the 29th-32nd week with the active group showing a significant lower scores (0.17 +/- 0.33) than the control group (0.39 +/- 0.74, Z = 2.031, P < 0.05) till the end of the study. Significant difference was found in average daily symptom scores between H(1) (0.29 +/- 0.39) and H(2) (0.19 +/- 0.27) in the active group (Z = 2.923, P < 0.01), while no significant difference was found between H(1) (0.45 +/- 0.62) and H(2) (0.40 +/- 0.68) in the placebo group (Z = 1.885, P > 0.05). There were significant differences in subjective judgement of the improvement about overall asthmatic symptoms, exacerbation severity and exacerbation frequency between the active group (96.9%, 95.3%, 95.4%) and the control group (80.0%, 75.4%, 83.1%) with the self-evaluation questionnaire (chi(2) = 13.246, 11.576, 16.204, all P < 0.01). The trend line of daily medication scores in weekly intervals showed a significant decline. The mean daily medication score of phase II (0.20 +/- 0.36) was significant lower than that of phase I (0.33 +/- 0.67, Z = 3.344, P < 0.01), whereas the control group did not show a significant difference between phase II (0.35 +/- 0.96) and phase I (0.32 +/- 0.95, Z = 0.744, P > 0.05). After 1-year treatment, no significant differences were found in morning and evening peak expiratory flow of predicted value (PEF%), forced expiratory volume in one second of predicted value (FEV(1)/FVC), forced vital capacity of predicted value (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV(1)/FVC), provoking dose decreasing FEV(1) by 20% (PD(20)-FEV(1)) between the active group [(97 +/- 17)%, (98 +/- 18)%, (91 +/- 11)%, (98 +/- 9)%, (82 +/- 10)%, 2.35 (7.9) micromol] and the control group [(99 +/- 19)%, (100 +/- 19)%, (90 +/- 14)%, (99 +/- 13)%, (82 +/- 9)%, 1.80 (7.8) micromol] (t = 0.170 - 0.630, Z = 0.264, all P > 0.05). Skin index (SI) to Der p in the active group (1.2 +/- 0.5) was significantly lower than that of the control group (1.5 +/- 0.6) after treatment (t = 2.395, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of serum sIgE against Der p between groups, which was 76.80 (97.0) kU/L in active group and 66.50 (99.3) kU/L in the control group (Z = 0.232, P > 0.05). The frequency of systemic adverse reactions graded by guidelines based on the position paper of European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), was 5.7% and 1.8% of the total injections in the active group and the control group, respectively. Although significant difference was found in adverse reactions between groups (chi(2) = 4.705, P < 0.05), all were mild or moderate. The majority occurred within 30 minute after injection and were controlled well with symptomatic therapy. No any severe systemic adverse reaction was shown in the study. CONCLUSION: One year specific immunotherapy with standardized house dust mite (HDM) vaccine significantly improved symptoms and reduced medication use in mild to moderate allergic asthmatic patients. SIT also reduced skin prick test reactivity to Der p. Complying with the EAACI immunotherapy guidelines, SIT with standardized HDM vaccine was a safe treatment.
Adolescent↗
[A pilot survey of the main causes of chronic heart failure in patients treated in primary hospitals in China].
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation is to make clear the main causes of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients who receive management in primary hospitals in China and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of CHF in primary hospitals in China. METHODS: The first three main causes of CHF were determined in the way of answering questionnaires by local doctors from 2066 local hospitals (from one hospital at least one doctor) in 17 areas, we got 2100 pieces of valid answer. Input these forms to computer 2 times, check repeatedly till being sure that there were no mistakes in them and then make statistics with SPSS soft kit. RESULTS: In primary hospitals in our country, the first three main causes of CHF are coronary heart disease, hypertension and rheumatic heart disease. In some places chronic pulmonary heart disease is also a main cause of CHF in primary hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and hypertension is certainly important in the prevention of CHF, but it is equally important to prevent rheumatic heart disease and chronic pulmonary heart disease.
China↗
[Preparation of polyaluminum silicate chloride (PASC) from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and its physicochemical characteristics].
A new type of polyaluminum silicate chloride [PASC(A)] was prepared by employing tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silicon source. By comparing PASC(A) with the conventional product [PASC(B)], the effects of B value and Si/Al molar ratio on the pH value and the Zeta potential of PASC(A) were investigated. The influence of the incorporation of silicon into PASC on the molecular structure and aluminium species was also studied by acidification method and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the PASC(A) has higher polymerization degree, narrow distribution of molecular weight and symmetrical distribution of aluminium and silicon in PASC molecule. It is more difficult to be acidified, and moreover, it can reduce the loss of Al13 species. All the above advantages of PASC(A) are due to its special synthesis method.
Aluminum Silicates↗
[Removal of turbidity and effect of humic acid in flocculation by polyferric chloride].
The removals of humic acid and turbidity by polyferric chloride under different coagulation conditions were studied (pH = 4, 7, 10). Zeta potential, turbidity and humic acid removal efficiency were analyzed. Experimental results showed that the dosage and scope of polyferric chloride (PFC) is the narrowest and the residual turbidity is biggest when pH = 4, the dosage and scope of PFC is the broadest and the residual turbidity is the least when pH = 10; Fe(III) can complex with humic acid under acidic condition; The effect of flocculation is not influenced by the presence of humic acid.
Chlorides↗
[The effects of gender on heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression for identifying coronary arteriosclerosis disease].
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of gender on heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression (ST/HR) for identifying coronary arteriosclerotic disease. METHODS: One hundred and seventy three patients with suspected coronary disease (CAD) were referred for a routine treadmill exercise electrocardiogram and subsequently they underwent selective coronary angiography within 3 weeks. The magnitude of ST segment depression, ST/HR slope and calculated ST/HR index are performed by a computerized ECG system; exercise was performed according to the cornell protocol. CAD was defined by coronary angiography. We divided the patients into two groups by gender. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity for identifying CAD with ST/HR slope and ST/HR index were all significantly greater than that of standard electrocardiographic test criteria (P <0.05). Compared with standard criteria, the sensitivity for identifying CAD of ST/HR slope and ST/HR index increased 23% and 16% in men, 50% and 42% in women respectively; all difference were statistically significant (P <0.05). The specificity for identifying CAD with ST/HR slope and ST/HR index increased 58% and 50% in women, with no increase in men. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that sensitivity and specificity for identifying CAD with ST/HR slope and ST/HR index were all significantly higher than those with standard electrocardiographic test criteria in selected women patients. Sensitivity were significantly increased in selected men patients, with no significant change in specificity.
Adult↗
[Prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders in Chinese school children].
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders, and to assess the role of atopy in the development of asthma in Chinese school children from Beijing, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. METHODS: Community-based random samples of school children aged 9 approximately 11 years from three Chinese cities (Beijing, Guangzhou and Hong Kong) were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. Subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n = 10 902), skin-prick tests and skin examination (n = 3 479). RESULTS: The prevalence rates of current wheeze, speech limiting wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis and flexural dermatitis were significantly higher in Hong Kong than in Beijing and Guangzhou. The atopy rate was also higher in Hong Kong (41.2%) than in Beijing (23.9%) and Guangzhou (30.8%). Atopy was strongly correlated with current wheeze (OR = 7.74; 95% CI = 5.70 approximately 10.51). Subgroup analyses of children from Hong Kong revealed that children born in mainland China who had subsequently migrated to Hong Kong had a significantly lower rate of allergic symptoms and atopy than those born in Hong Kong. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma, allergic diseases and atopy was highest in school children from Hong Kong. Atopic sensitizations is an important factor associated with asthma in Chinese children.
Animals↗
[Individual allergens as risk factors for asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Chinese children].
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the relationship between individual allergens with current wheezing and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in schoolchildren from three chinese cities: Beijing, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. METHODS Community-based random samples of 10-yr-old schoolchildren from the 3 cities were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. The subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n = 10,902), skin-prick tests (n = 3478), and methacholine challenge tests (n = 608). RESULTS The highest prevalence rates of wheezing in the past 12 months (Beijing, 3.8%; Guangzhou, 3.4%; Hong Kong, 5.8%) and atopy (Beijing, 23.9%; Guangzhou, 30.8%; Hong Kong, 41.2%, defined as having <or= 1 positive skin-prick tests,) were seen in schoolchildren from Hong Kong. The highest prevalence rates of BHR (Beijing, 33.2%; Guangzhou, 45.8%; Hong Kong, 30.7%) were seen in schoolchildren from Guangzhou. Multivariate-logistic regression analyses revealed that sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [odds ratio ((OR)) = 4.48; 95% confidence interval ((CI)); 3.02-6.66], cat ((OR) 2.85; 95% (CI) 1.24-6.50), Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) ((OR) 2.41, 95% (CI) 1.65-3.51) and Mixed grass pollen ((OR) 2.85, 95% (CI) 1.24-6.50) were significantly associate with current wheezing atopy ((OR) 1.29, 95% (CI) 0.74-2.24), was not an independent risk factor for current wheezing in children from any of the three cities. Furthermore, atopy ((OR) 2.53, 95% (CI) 1.93-6.97) were significantly associated with BHR. CONCLUSION The authors confirmed that sensitization to house dust mite and cat was significantly associated with current wheezing and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in Chinese schoolchildren.
Allergens↗