Mineral trioxide aggregate.
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Aluminum Compounds↗
Biomedical subjects
Howard L Needleman
Publications and source records attributed to Howard L Needleman.
IgG antibody levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis and clinical measures in children.
BACKGROUND: Periodontopathic clinical markers are poorly understood in the pediatric population. Several studies have proposed Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and an antibody response to the microorganism as factors in periodontal tissue destruction in children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of P. gingivalis in dental plaque and of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to P. gingivalis, and their relationship to periodontal clinical measures in children. METHODS: Thirty-one subjects, aged 20 to 163 months, participated in this study. Clinical measures examined included gingivitis, plaque, alveolar bone height, age, gender, ethnicity, medical status, caries, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Five ml of blood was collected for serum analysis, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis by DNA-DNA checkerboard. Data were analyzed on a person-level basis for relationships to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis and on a site-specific level for relationships to the presence of P. gingivalis in plaque. RESULTS: A majority (77%) of the subjects were systemically healthy, non-white (74%), and did not have detectable P. gingivalis in their plaque. Fifty-two percent of the subjects had positive serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Based on univariate linear regression, factors related to IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis (P<0.05) included age, average gingival index (GI), average probing depth, and number of teeth with alveolar bone crest to cemento-enamel junction (ABC-CEJ) distances >2 mm. When all clinical measures were considered together, only age remained statistically significantly related to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS: Age is one of the most important factors in the development of the immune response to putative microorganisms such as P. gingivalis in children. The role of IgG as a time-sensitive measure of periodontal health in children needs to be investigated further.
Adolescent↗
Failure rates of restorative procedures following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia.
PURPOSE: The failure rates of restorative procedures for children undergoing dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia, performed by pediatric dental residents in advanced educational programs, were evaluated in order to determine treatment outcomes and best practices. METHODS: Retrospective review of 504 dental records of children receiving comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia at children's hospitals in Boston between 1990-1992 and in Washington, DC, between 1994-1998, were undertaken. Data regarding restoration outcomes were evaluated using chi square tests with correction for continuity. Only records of patients who returned for follow-up at least six months after their rehabilitations were evaluated. T-tests were performed on parametric data. RESULTS: Two-hundred and forty-one (48%) of the records were evaluated. Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) had significantly lower failure rates than amalgams (P<0.001, chi2=63). The highest failure rates were seen in composites (P<0.001, chi2=112) and composite strip crowns (P<0.001, chi2=121). CONCLUSIONS: SSCs are the most reliable restorations while composite restorations are the least durable. Failure of restorations appears to be related to follow-up length.
Adolescent↗
The effects of infant feeding patterns on the occlusion of the primary dentition.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different methods of infant feeding on the development of the occlusion in the primary dentition. The study included 126 children. Parents completed questionnaires regarding feeding and health history, and the primary dental occlusion was recorded for each child. The authors found that: (1) predominant bottle-feeding between 0 and 6 months of age was associated with the development of a pacifier habit; (2) children who used a pacifier were more likely to develop a nonmesial step occlusion, an overjet >3 mm, and an open bite; (3) children who sucked their thumb were more likely to develop an overjet >3 mm; and (4) in the absence ofnonnutritive oral habits, children who were predominantly bottle-fed between 0 and 6 months of age were more likely to develop an overbite >75%, although just shy of nominal statistical significance.
Age Factors↗
Prevalence of bruxism and associated correlates in children as reported by parents.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood bruxism and associated correlates, as reported by parents. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of parents was conducted at 4 private pediatric dental offices and the Children's Hospital Boston Dental Clinic. Data were gathered via a self-administered questionnaire offered to the parents of children under age 17. Factors were evaluated for association with bruxism using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Based on 854 surveys analyzed, the children's mean age was 8.1 years and 52% were female. Caucasians represented 87% of the population, and 90% of the parents had attained a high school diploma. The overall prevalence of reported bruxism was 38%. Five percent of the parents reported that their children had subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD); however, these were not associated with reported bruxism. A child with a psychological disorder had a 3.6 times greater likelihood of bruxism. If either parent had a history of bruxism, their child was 1.8 times more likely to brux. If bedroom doors were open, parents reported bruxism 1.7 times more often. Children who drooled at night were 1.7 times more likely to brux, while sleeptalking children were 1.6 times more likely to brux. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Of the 38% of parents reporting that their children brux, familial history, open bedroom doors, drooling, sleeptalking, and psychological disorders were significantly associated with the reported bruxism. (2) While 5% of parents reported that their children had at least one TMD symptom, no TMD symptoms were associated with reported bruxism.
Adolescent↗