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Hubert Schmidbaur

Publications and source records attributed to Hubert Schmidbaur.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Four-Coordinate Gold(I), Silver(I), and Copper(I) Complexes with a Large-Span Chiral Ditertiary Phosphine Ligand.

The ligand L = Ph(2)PCH(2)CHEtOPPh(2) (R,S) with two chemically different donor sites and a center of chirality in the middle of the loop connecting the phosphorus atoms has been chosen for the preparation of a series of gold(I), silver(I), and copper(I) complexes. The ligand-to-metal ratio was allowed to vary between 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The 1:1 complexes [LAuX](2) with X = Cl, Br, I, and SCN have been found to be components of solution equilibria (in di- or trichloromethane) of various cyclic dinuclear isomers involving also several complexes generated in ligand redistribution processes. However, single crystals (X = Cl, Br) obtained from these solutions are composed solely of centrosymmetrical dimers where the two metal atoms are part of 12-membered rings and are bridged transannularly by two halogen atoms. By symmetry, the metal bridging by the two ligands L follows a head-to-tail pattern and involves a pair of enantiomers of L. The silver compound [LAgClO(4)](2) has an analogous structure with the silver atoms attaining coordination number 4 by perchlorate bridging. The copper complex [LCuCl](2) is a tricyclic binuclear compound where each copper atom is chelated by an individual ligand L and doubly halogen bridged with the second metal atom. The 2:1 complex [L(2)Au]Cl is assigned a bis-chelated structure with the tetracoordinated metal atom as a spiro center of two six-membered rings. The solution (31)P NMR spectra show the presence of various stereoisomers which are readily identified via the strong couplings mediated by the metal center. Only small J(P, P') values would be expected for P-P' coupling along the ligand PCCOP' loops. The spectrum of the dinuclear 1:2 complex L(AuCl)(2) features only two singlet (31)P resonances.

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PubMed1998

Binary Si/N-[4.4]-Spirocycles with Two SiH(2)SiH(2) Loops.

Tetra(alkylamino)silanes Si(NHR)(4) with R = Me, n-Pr, n-Bu, and i-Pr (1a-d) have been prepared via improved methods and characterized by complementary analytical and spectroscopic data. The reaction of 1a-c with 2 equiv of Tf-SiH(2)SiH(2)-Tf (Tf = trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy, "triflate") and triethylamine in toluene gives good yields of the spirocyclic compounds [(SiH(2)NR)(2)](2)Si (2a-c). 2a is obtained as a crystalline, but highly volatile, product (mp 35 degrees C, bp(0.05) 46-47 degrees C), the crystal and molecular structure of which has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods (monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, Z = 8). The lattice contains two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, which have very similar dimensions. The two five-membered rings are almost planar and close to perpendicular to each other. Owing to sterical hindrance, the analogous reaction of 1d gives only low yields of the corresponding spirocycle {[SiH(2)N(i-Pr)](2)}(2)Si, 2d. A silylammonium salt {[SiH(2)N(i-Pr)](2)Si-[NH(i-Pr)]-[NH(2)(i-Pr)]}(+)Tf(-) (3) is produced as a major product. Compound 3 is one of the very few silylammonium salts as confirmed by a full structural analysis (monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, Z = 4). In the crystal, 2 equiv are grouped together as a centrosymmetrical cluster of two cations and two anions with hydrogen bonds between the amino/ammonio and the sulfonate groups. Equimolar quantities of 1d and the 1,2-disilanediylbis(triflate) in the presence of NEt(3) give good yields of the monocyclic compound [SiH(2)N(i-Pr)](2)Si[NH(i-Pr)](2), 4. Compounds 1a-d and 2a-c are hydrogen- and silicon-rich precursor molecules for the production of silicon nitride in pyrolytic, plasma- or laser-induced (thermal) decomposition and for the preparation of silazane networks and gels by controlled aminolysis or by metathesis of the Si-Si bonds.

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PubMed1997

A Novel Anionic Gold-Indium Cluster Compound: Synthesis and Molecular and Electronic Structure.

The insertion of InBr into the Au-Br bond of [(Ph(3)P)AuBr] in tetrahydrofuran (thf) in the presence of [(CH(2)PPh(2))(2)] (dppe) leads to the formation of an orange complex [(dppe)(2)Au](+)[(dppe)(2)Au(3)In(3)Br(7)(thf)](-), 2. Analytical, spectroscopic, and X-ray structural investigations showed that this product is an anionic analogue of a neutral chloride complex [(dppe)(2)Au(3)In(3)Cl(6)(thf)(3)], 1, prepared recently. Both complexes have an Au(3)In(3) cluster core of approximate C(2)(v)() symmetry with one extremely short Au-Au bond [Au1-Au3 2.575(1) Å] as part of a quasi-linear array P1-Au1-Au3-P4, suggesting the presence of a bis(phosphine) complex of the neutral Au(2) molecule as part of the cluster. The third gold atom (Au2) is then assigned oxidation state +1. To gain deeper insight into the structure and bonding of this novel class of gold cluster compounds, regarding mainly the peculiar cluster geometry, the charge distribution, and the oxidation states, a series of scalar relativistic all-electron density functional (DF) calculations on model systems has been performed. As a model for 1, the neutral cluster {Au(3)(PH(3))(4)[InCl(2)(H(2)O)](3)} was studied. For the examination of the geometry of complexes 1 and 2, the cluster Au(3)(PH(3))(4)I(3) has been considered as a further simplified model, where iodine replaces the InX(2)(thf) units. Experimental and calculated cluster geometries agree satisfactorily, and the formal oxidation states of the gold atoms (0 for Au1 and Au3, +1 for Au2) could be confirmed, but for the In centers no interpretable differences of the Mulliken charges were found.

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PubMed1997

Synthesis of Volatile Cyclic Silylamines and the Molecular Structures of Two 1-Aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane Derivatives.

An optimized synthetic procedure for alpha,omega-bis(bromosilyl)alkanes, BrH(2)Si(CH(2))(n)()SiH(2)Br (with n = 2 and 3), is proposed. 1,2-Bis(bromosilyl)ethane reacts with ammonia to give 1,4-bis(1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane-1-yl)-1,4-disilabutane, traces of 1,6-diaza-2,5,7,10,11,14-hexasilabicyclo[4.4.4]tetradecane and nonvolatile products. The primary reaction products undergo slow redistribution reactions whereby (1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane-1-yl)-1,4-disilabutane is formed as the major product. Reactions of alpha,omega-bis(bromosilyl)alkanes, BrH(2)Si(CH(2))(n)()SiH(2)Br (with n = 2 and 3), with isopropylamine afford the heterocycles 1-isopropyl-1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane and 1-isopropyl-1-aza-2,6-disilacyclohexane, whereas the analogous reaction with bis(bromosilyl)methane gives 1,5-diisopropyl-1,5-diaza-2,4,6,8-tetrasilacyclooctane rather than a four-membered ring compound. All compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR and NMR spectroscopy [(1)H, (13)C, (15)N and (29)Si including the measurement of (1)J((29)Si(15)N) coupling constants]. The molecular structure of 1-isopropyl-1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane, determined by analysis of gas-phase electron-diffraction data augmented by restraints derived from ab initio calculations, is compared with the molecular structure of the isoelectronic 1-(dimethylamino)-1-aza-2,5-disilacyclopentane. The latter also was determined by gas-phase electron-diffraction (supported by ab initio calculations) and by low-temperature crystallography. The presence of a beta-donor Si.N interaction in the latter compound, leading to a narrow Si-N-N angle, is apparent from a significant distortion of the molecular structure as compared with the isoelectronic reference compound.

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PubMed1997

Beryllium Chelation by Dicarboxylic Acids in Aqueous Solution.

Maleic and phthalic acids are found to react with Be(OH)(2), generated in situ from BeSO(4)(aq) and Ba(OH)(2)(aq), in aqueous solution at pH 3.0 or 4.4, respectively (25 degrees C), to give solutions containing the complexes (H(2)O)(2)Be[(OOCCH)(2)] (1) and (H(2)O)(2)Be[(OOC)(2)C(6)H(4)] (3). The products can be isolated in high yield and identified by microanalytical data. With 2 equiv of the dicarboxylic acids and the pH adjusted to 5.5 and 5.9, respectively, by addition of ammonia, the bis-chelate complexes [(NH(4))(+)](2){[Be[(OOCCH)(2)](2)}(2)(-) (2) and [(NH(4))(+)](2){Be[(OOC)(2)C(6)H(4)](2)}(2)(-) (4) are obtained, which can also be isolated. The compounds show distinct (9)Be, (1)H, and (13)C resonances in their NMR spectra in aqueous solutions. Layering of an aqueous solution of compound 4 with acetone at ambient temperature leads to the precipitation of single crystals suitable for an X-ray structure determination. This salt (5) was found to contain the bis-chelated dianion {Be[(OOC)(2)C(6)H(4)](2)}(2)(-) with the beryllium atom in the spiro center of two seven-membered rings and an overall geometry approaching closely C(2) symmetry. These anions are associated with two crystallographically independent but structurally similar counterions [MeC(O)CH(2)CMe(2)NH(3)](+), which are the product of a condensation reaction of the ammonium cation with the acetone solvent. In the crystal the ammonium hydrogen atoms of the cations form N-H.O hydrogen bonds with the oxo functions of the dianion.

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PubMed1997

A Density Functional Study of Metal-Ligand Bonding in [(PR(3))(2)M](+) and [PR(3)MCl] (M = Ag, Au; R = H, Me) Complexes.

Relativistic and nonrelativistic electronic structure calculations were carried out on [(PR(3))(2)M](+)and [PR(3)MCl] (M = Ag, Au; R = H, Me) complexes using the all-electron linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals density functional (LCGTO-DF) method. The calculated relativistic metal-ligand bond lengths show good agreement with experimental values. The relativistic contraction of the M-P bonds in [(PR(3))(2)M](+) is about 8 and 22 pm for M = Ag and Au, respectively, resulting in Au-P bonds that are about 10 pm shorter than the Ag-P bonds in these species, in good agreement with recent crystallographic results for the cations [(PMes(3))(2)M](+) (M = Ag, Au). The relativistic contraction of the Au-Cl bond in [PR(3)AuCl] is significantly less than that of the Au-P bond, and this explains the experimentally observed differential Au-X and Au-P bond length contractions from [PR(3)AgX] to [PR(3)AuX]. The calculated relativistic bond lengths for corresponding PH(3) and PMe(3) complexes are very similar, confirming a previous conclusion that PH(3) is a good model for structural properties of larger tertiary phosphine ligands. However, the bond lengths for the PMe(3) complexes are all slightly longer than those for the corresponding PH(3) complexes, whereas the M-P dissociation energies are 20-40% higher for the PMe(3) complexes. These findings provide computational support for the concept of "longer but stronger bonds", which was recently proposed on the basis of experimental studies of transition metal complexes involving various substituted phosphine ligands.

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PubMed1997

1,2-Disilanediyl Bis(triflate), F(3)CSO(3)-SiH(2)SiH(2)-O(3)SCF(3), as the Key Intermediate for a Facile Preparation of Open-Chain and Cyclic 1,1- and 1,2-Diaminodisilanes.

Convenient high-yield syntheses for several open-chain and cyclic diaminodisilanes with fully hydrogenated Si-Si linkages are reported. The key intermediate for the preparation of the title compounds, 1,2-bis(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)disilane (1), reacts with 2 equiv of diethylamine to afford a mixture of the isomers Et(2)NSiH(2)SiH(2)NEt(2) (2a) and (Et(2)N)(2)SiHSiH(3) (2a'). Isopropylamine and 1 give (i)Pr(2)NSiH(2)SiH(2)N(i)Pr(2) (2b) exclusively. Treatment of 1 with 1 equiv of a primary alkylamine affords 2,3,5,6-tetrasilapiperazines [RNSiH(2)SiH(2)RNSiH(2)SiH(2); R = (i)Pr (3a), (t)Bu (3b), Bzl (3c)] comprising two SiH(2)-SiH(2) linkages. 1,3-Bifunctional bis(isopropylamino)silanes [((i)PrNH)(2)SiR(2); R = Me, Ph] were found to react with 1 to give trisilaimidazolidines [((i)PrN)SiR(2)((i)PrN)SiH(2)SiH(2); R = Me (4a), Ph (4b)] again comprising the N-SiH(2)-SiH(2)-N unit. The crystal structures of N,N'-diisopropyl-2,2-diphenyl-2,4,5-trisilaimidazolidine (4b) and N,N'-di-tert-butyl-2,3,5,6-tetrasilapiperazine (3b) were determined in X-ray diffraction studies; the five-membered ring of 4b is nearly planar with all nitrogen atoms in a planar configuration. The six-membered ring of 3b has a twist conformation, but again with the two nitrogen atoms in a planar configuration. Surprisingly, the treatment of 1 with 1,4-bifunctional N,N'-dialkylethylenediamines [(RNHCH(2)-)(2); R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu] does not give the analogous six-membered-ring compounds but leads selectively to the isomeric five-membered heterocycles [(CH(2)NR)(2)SiHSiH(3); R = (i)Pr (5a), (t)Bu (5b)], which are the products of a Si --> Si hydrogen shift rearrangement.

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PubMed1997

Gold Clustering at the Terminal Functions of Long-Chain Thiols and Amines.

Treatment of 1,6-hexanedithiol with (4)/(3) mol equiv of tris[(triphenylphosphino)aurio(I)]oxonium tetrafluoroborate and sodium tetrafluoroborate affords (n-hexane-1,6-dithiolato)tetrakis-[(triphenylphosphine)gold(I)] bis(tetrafluoroborate) (1). The analogous reactions with beta-mercaptoethylamine, HS(CH(2))(2)NH(2), 1,4-diaminobutane, H(2)N(CH(2))(4)NH(2), and n-butyl- and n-octylamine, CH(3)(CH(2))(n)()NH(2) (n = 3 or 7), give the corresponding penta- (2), hexa- (3), and trinuclear (4, 5) complexes, respectively. The crystal structures of compounds 3 and 5 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In the hexanuclear complex 3, three gold atoms are bonded to each nitrogen, putting each of these atoms at the apex of an NAu(3) pyramid. There are no intra- or intermolecular interactions between the gold centers of different nitrogen atoms. The trinuclear complex 5 features the unfolded aliphatic chain at the apex of such a pyramid. In both compounds the gold atoms show close contacts of 3.0 +/- 0.1 Å, indicating significant bonding, which is probably the main driving force for the clustering of seemingly closed-shell (d(10)) gold(I) metal atoms.

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PubMed1996

Terminally Bifurcated Tetraaurio-alpha,omega-bis(sulfonium) Salts as Building Blocks for Auriophilicity-Determined Coordination Polymers.

Treatment of alpha,omega-dithiols HS(CH(2))(n)()SH, n = 4 or 5, with tris[(triphenylphosphine)aurio]oxonium tetrafluoroborate affords the corresponding S,S,S',S'-tetrakis[(triphenylphosphine)aurio]-alpha,omega-alkanediylbis(sulfonium) bis(tetrafluoroborates) of the type {[(Ph(3)P)Au](2)S(CH(2))(n)()S[Au(PPh(3))](2)}(2+)2BF(4)(-). The crystal structure of the species with n = 5 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In the lattice the unfolded dications are linked into chains through short double Au-Au contacts between the terminal bifurcated diauriosulfonium centers. The analogous reactions with (racemic) 1,2-dithioglycerol and 1,2,3-trithioglycerol also give tri- and tetranuclear complexes with a varying distribution of the metal atoms over the chalcogen(ium) centers. As again demonstrated in a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, the dications {HOCH(2)HCS[(Ph(3)P)Au](2)CH(2)S[Au(PPh(3))](2)}(2+) of the dithioglycerol compound form only dimers through auriophilicity-determined pairing of the bifurcated ends, while the open ends are shielded by the dangling hydroxyl group. The trinuclear complex of 1,2-dithioglycerol is fluxional in solution; the crystal structure has not been determined but is expected to be similar to that derived for the analogous dithioglycol complex. The tetranuclear, trithioglycerol-based dications of {[(Ph(3)P)Au]SCH(2)CHS[Au(PPh(3))]CH(2)S[Au(PPh(3))](2)}(+)BF(4)(-) are isolated in the lattice and feature an unsymmetrical complexation, which is an extension of the structure of the trinuclear dithioglycol analogue {(CH(2)S)(2)[Au(PPh(3))](3)}(+) with its strong intramolecular Au-Au contacts. A similar structure is proposed for the monocation {CH(2)(CH(2)S)(2)[Au(PPh(3))](3)}(+) obtained from propane-1,3-dithiol. The structures of these cations are also fluxional in solution, however, as shown by variable-temperature NMR studies.

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