Biomedical subjects

Hugo Dominguez-Malagon

Publications and source records attributed to Hugo Dominguez-Malagon.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Differential expression of smooth muscle myosin, smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and calponin in the diagnosis of myofibroblastic and smooth muscle lesions of skin and soft tissue.

The diagnosis of low-grade and pseudosarcomatous spindle cell lesions of skin and soft tissue can sometimes be problematic; in particular, distinction between fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and smooth muscle proliferations can occasionally pose difficulties on routine histologic examination. We have applied a panel of immunohistochemical markers to a series of spindle cell lesions of skin and soft tissue to assess the utility of the differential expression of smooth muscle and myofibroblastic-associated markers. Twenty-eight cases of nodular fasciitis, 42 cases of fibromatosis, and 3 cases of myofibroblastic sarcoma were stained with antibodies against smooth muscle actin (SMA), smooth muscle myosin (SMMS), calponin, and high-molecular weight caldesmon (h-caldesmon). For comparison, 12 cases of cutaneous leiomyoma and 8 cases of leiomyosarcomas involving superficial soft tissues and fascia were studied with the same panel of antibodies. Thirty-eight of 42 cases of fibromatosis were positive for SMA, 42/42 cases were positive for calponin, 39/42 cases were negative for SMMS, and all cases were negative for h-caldesmon. All cases of nodular fasciitis were positive for SMA and calponin, and all were negative for h-caldesmon and SMMS. All cases of myofibroblastic sarcoma were positive for SMA and 2/3 cases for calponin, and were negative for SMMS and h-caldesmon. All cases of cutaneous leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma were positive for all 4 markers tested. Our results demonstrate a remarkably consistent pattern of reactivity of muscle and myofibroblastic-associated markers in lesions predominantly composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells, characterized by positive staining for SMA and calponin and absence of reactivity for SMMS and h-caldesmon. Application of this panel of stains may be of aid in the differential diagnosis of low-grade myofibroblastic lesions such as nodular fasciitis and fibromatosis from smooth muscle tumors of skin and soft tissue. This panel may additionally be of assistance in the diagnosis of myofibroblastic sarcoma.

Actins↗

PubMed2005

eIF4E as a marker for cervical neoplasia.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is upregulated in cancers of the breast and head and neck. The authors have shown that eIF4E is increased in cervical neoplasia and that eIF4E upregulates human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7. The aim of this study was to quantitate eIF4E in tissues representing a wide range of cervical pathology. The potential correlation between dysplastic grade or tumor stage with eIF4E upregulation and/or HPV genotype was analyzed for 10 normal, 27 cancer, and 37 dysplasia cases. A progressive increase in eIF4E staining intensity was found with increasing cervical pathology (P < 0.0001). No difference was seen in eIF4E stain intensity by either tumor type--squamous cell cancer (n = 18), adenocarcinoma (n = 4), or other types of cancer (n = 5) (P = 0.97)--or by tumor grade--II (n = 5) versus III (n = 7). Likewise, neither an HPV typing result of HPV 16 (n = 10) versus non-HPV 16 (n = 4) nor single HPV infection (n = 11) versus dual HPV infection (n = 3) significantly altered the eIF4E stain results (P = 0.86 and 0.97, respectively). These results indicate that eIF4E stain intensity may be useful as a marker for cervical neoplasia.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2004

Human papillomavirus typing of rare cervical carcinomas.

CONTEXT: Most cervical tumors are classified as squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, both of which are associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although other (rare) types represent less than 5% of all cervical carcinomas, it is necessary that these more unusual tumors be studied in the current era of papillomavirus vaccine development, especially in regions with high incidence of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: To compare papillomavirus types found in histologically rare cervical carcinomas (n = 29) with those types found in common cervical carcinomas (n = 14) archived at the Institute of Cancer in Mexico City, Mexico. DESIGN: Paraffin-embedded tissues were received and sectioned at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport. One section for each block was stained and examined by 2 pathologists. Specific histologies were categorized into 2 broad groups: common (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) or rare (adenosquamous, papillary, villoglandular, anaplastic, transitional, spindle, adenoid basal, colloid, neuroendocrine, and glassy cell carcinomas). Papillomavirus typing results were based on Roche Molecular Systems line-blot assay. RESULTS: No significant difference was found for dual HPV types (21% of both groups), positivity for HPV-16 (66% of rare tumors and 71% of common tumors), or absence of HPV types 16 or 18, although the rare cancers had a greater tendency toward more unusual HPV types (8/29 rare tumors and 1/14 common tumors had no HPV- 16 or HPV-18 DNA). Non-HPV-16/18 types found only in rare tumors included HPV types 52, 84, 26, 35, and 58. CONCLUSIONS: Rare types of cervical carcinoma also are associated with papillomavirus, most with types similar to those found in common cervical neoplasias.

Carcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a comparative ultrastructural study.

Dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) are dermal tumors whose histogenesis has not been well defined to date. The differential diagnosis in most cases is established in routine H/E sections and may be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, but there are atypical variants of DF with less clear histological differences and non-conclusive immunohistochemical results. In those cases, electron microscopy studies may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. The authors describe in detail the ultrastructural characteristics of 38 cases of DFSP and 10 cases of DF. The objective was to establish the ultrastructural features for differential diagnosis, and to identify the possible histogenesis of both neoplasms. DFSP is formed by stellate or spindled cells with long, slender, ramified cell processes joined by primitive junctions. Subplasmalemmal densities were frequently seen in the processes. Another common finding was the presence of multivesicular buds (MVB), peculiar structures that contain microvesicles abutting from the cell membrane. In contrast, DF is characterized by a proliferation of multiple capillary vessels with prominent endothelium and a perivascular population of ovoid or spindled cells devoid of cell processes. These latter cells featured intracytoplasmic lipid material (p < .001), infrequent subplasmalemmal densities (p < .001), and absence of MVB (p < .001). With the ultrastructural characteristics and the constant expression of CD34 in DFSP, a probable origin in dermal dendrocytes is postulated for this tumor. The histogenesis of DF is less clear, but an origin from FXIIIa modified perivascular dermal dendrocytes is proposed.

Capillaries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Transitional cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A report of six cases with clinical, histologic and cytologic findings.

BACKGROUND: Transitional cell carcinoma of the cervix (TCCC) is a rare neoplasm of recent description. The cytologic characteristics of the tumor have not been published to date. Six cases of TCCC are described, including their clinical, histologic, cytologic and immunohistochemical features. CASES: All cases presented at an advanced clinical stage; two recurred, and one metastasized. Five cases showed a papillary exophytic pattern, and one case showed an "inverted" endophytic pattern similar to that of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (TCCU). The cytokeratin profile was similar to that of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC), positive for CK 7 and negative for CK 20. The cervical smears showed a background that was necrotic or hemorrhagic. The cells with transitional features formed cohesive groups in a multilayered fashion and had an oval or spindle shape with tapered ends. The nuclei were hyperchromatic, with coarse and medium-sized granules that frequently displayed a wrinkled membrane, nuclear grooves and rare pseudoinclusions. The nucleoli were small or absent. Others cells with cytologic characteristics of SCCC were seen in all cases. CONCLUSION: TCCC is a rare neoplasm that probably represents a subgroup of SCCC. The most frequent histologic pattern is papillary-exophytic, but it can be inverted-endophytic. In cervical smears there are cells with characteristics of regular SCCC and others resembling those of TCCU. A larger number of cases is needed to define the evolution and clinical outcome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary lymphoma of bone.

UNLABELLED: Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) is a rare clinical-pathological entity representing less than 1% of all lymphomas. This work was aimed to review the presentation characteristics of PLB at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología including its management and evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty cases of lymphoma of bone were diagnosed between 1972 and 1999 from a database including 577 patients with lymphoma. Among them, only 8 patients (1.36% of the total lymphomas) met the criteria set out to be diagnosed as primary lymphoma of bone, stage IE. In all patients, diagnosis was histopathologically made through open biopsy, and they were classified in accordance with the former criteria of the Working Formulation (WF). This review applied the current criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: Three women and five men with a mean age of 40 years (range 20-65) were identified. Mean physical performance (Karnofsky) was 80%. Six patients presented clinically evident disease of the affected region. The most frequent symptom was pain at the site of the lesion in 3 patients, being the cardinal symptom in 1 patient. Histological diagnosis was diffuse large cell lymphoma, and B immunophenotype was confirmed in 5 patients. Five patients received sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy; 1 patient received chemotherapy; and 2 patients received exclusive radiotherapy. The chemotherapy regimes were based on anthracyclines. Five patients presented complete response and 3 patients showed progressive disease. One patient showing complete response relapse 16 years after the treatment. The mean follow-up in this series was 60 months (range 3-190 months). Tumor localization and functional condition of the patient were the best prognostic factors. Surgery was not therapeutic in any case. CONCLUSIONS: PLB still remains a rare clinical-pathological entity, and represented 1.3% of total lymphomas in this series. Sequential anthracycline-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most important therapeutic choices. Functional condition of patients at diagnosis and tumor localization were the most accurate prognostic factors.

Adult↗