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Hui Cao

Publications and source records attributed to Hui Cao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Mechanism of action of curculigoside ameliorating osteoporosis: an analysis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to predict and verify the mechanism of curculigoside in treating osteoporosis using network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and micro-CT technology. METHODS: Herb databases were searched to identify and screen potential targets of curculigoside. The GeneCards platform was utilized to mine osteoporosis-related targets. Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was employed to construct a compound-target-disease network. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for curculigoside in osteoporosis treatment was established, and core targets were screened. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and GO biological process analyses were performed using the Metascape database. Finally, molecular docking and micro-CT were used to validate core targets relevant to osteoporosis. RESULTS: A total of 166 potential curculigoside targets and 4,313 osteoporosis-related targets were identified, with 91 common targets. Ten key targets, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3, MMP9, interleukin (IL)-6, and caspase-3, were screened. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated involvement in 10 pathways, such as the Rap1 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Molecular docking results demonstrated strong binding affinity between curculigoside and the core targets. Micro-CT analysis revealed that curculigoside not only improved BMD, BV/TV, BS/BV, and Tb.Th but also reduced Tb.Sp in osteoporotic bone. CONCLUSIONS: Curculigoside is likely to treat osteoporosis through targets such as MMP3, MMP9, IL-6, and caspase-3, acting on signaling pathways including Rap1 and TNF. These results indicate that curculigoside exhibits multitarget and multipathway characteristics in osteoporosis treatment, providing a theoretical basis for further clinical investigation.

Osteoporosis↗
PubMed2006

A statistical methodology for analyzing co-occurrence data from a large sample.

Determining important associations among items in a large database is challenging due to multiple simultaneous hypotheses and the ability to select weak associations that are statistically but not clinically significant. The simple application of the chi2 test among all possible pairs of items results in mostly inappropriate associations surpassing the traditional (alpha=.05, chi2=3.94) threshold. One can choose a stricter threshold to find stronger associations, but the choice may be arbitrary. We combined the volume test of Diaconis and Efron with a p-value plot to select a more rigorous and less arbitrary threshold. The volume test adjusts the p-value of the chi2-statistic. A plot of adjusted p-values (1 - p versus N(p)), where N(p) is the number of test statistics with a p-value greater than p, should be linear if there are no true associations. The point where the plot deviates from a line can be used as a threshold. We used linear regression to select the threshold in a reproducible fashion. In one experiment, we found that the method selected a threshold similar to that previously obtained by manually reviewing associations.

Calibration↗
PubMed2006

Detection of genetic homogeneity of Panax notoginseng cultivars by sequencing nuclear 18S rRNA and plastid matK genes.

The nuclear 18S rRNA and chloroplast MATK genes of 18 samples of Panax notoginseng and its processed material Sanqi (Radix Notoginseng) were analyzed. The two genes, regardless of cultivar origin, were found to be identical to genotype R1 and M1, respectively, of the published sequences (GenBank accession no. D85171 and AB027526). This phenomenon implies that the species is highly conserved, which is probably caused by the use of the same strain in cultivation and the lack of active mutation in these two genes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Community structure and its dynamics of pest, predatory and neutral insects in a jujube ecosystem.

An investigation on the insects in the jujube ecosystem in Taigu District of Shanxi Province, Northern China showed that more species and individual numbers of pest, predatory and neutral insects were found on the tree than on the ground. The ratio of the species and individual numbers of predatory and neutral insects to those of pest insects fluctuated from year to year. Homoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were the dominant groups of pest insects, while those of predatory insects were Coleopteran, Hemiptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. The vertical distribution of the community structure of the same or different subcommunity was different in different seasons, as was the case of the same or different subcommunity in the same season. The diversity indexes of pest, predatory and neutral insects fluctuated with seasons, and the populations of predatory and neutral insects had a significant correlation (r = 0.9833, P <0.05) with the fluctuation of pest insects. There was also a significant correlation between the pest, predatory and neutral insects in different stratums of tree canopy, especially in the middle stratum of tree canopy (r = 0.9887, P <0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effects of hemoglobin concentration on hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Chronic anemia caused by different factors is a common complication in patients with portal hypertension, but attention has been rarely paid to its detrimental effect on hemodynamic status. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of hemoglobin concentration on hyperdynamic disturbance associated with portal hypertension (PHT). METHODS: According to blood hemoglobin level of 120 g/L, 55 patients with portal hypertension were divided into two groups, anemic and nonanemic. Hemodynamic and clinical data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed separately according to the Child classification in an attempt to avoid the effects of differences on hepatic function. RESULTS: Compared with the nonanemic group, the anemic group had an increased cardiac output (7.4+/-1.7 L/min vs. 6.3+/-1.9 L/min, P=0.028), free portal pressure (29.1+/-3.1 mmHg vs. 26.8+/-3.3 mmHg, P=0.012), a decreased mean arterial pressure (84.0+/-10.7 mmHg vs. 97.1+/-12.0 mmHg, P<0.01), and systemic vascular resistance (866+/-215 dyn/s.cm5 vs. 1207+/-317 dyn/s.cm5, P<0.01). Similar results were obtained when Child A and Child B-C patients were analyzed separately. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the concentrations of hemoglobin (standard coefficient=0.31, P=0.01) and albumin (standard coefficient=0.21, P=0.04) were independent factors influencing the systemic vascular resistance in PHT patients. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia aggravates the hyperdynamic circulation of portal hypertension. Hemoglobin concentration is an important variable for evaluating the degree of hemodynamic disturbance in PHT patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Expression of cyclooxygenase in hyperdynamic portal hypertensive rats.

BACKGROUND: By detecting hemodynamic changes, concentration of plasm prostacyclin (PGI2) and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) in vasculature and splanchnic tissues, we evaluated the relative contributions of PGI2 and COX mRNA expression to the hyperdynamic circulatory state in chronic portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH, n=18) by injection of CCl4, prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH, n=18) by partial stenosis of the portal vein, and sham-operated controls (SO, n=14). Splanchnic hemodynamics was measured by radioactive microsphere techniques and the concentration of PGI2 was detected by specific radioimmunoassay for its stable hydrolysis product 6-keto-PGF1alpha. Semi-quantitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure the levels of COX-1 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in the thoracic aorta, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and small intestine of IHPH, PHPH and SO rats, respectively. RESULTS: Hyperdynamic circulatory state was characterized by increased splanchnic blood flow and decreased splanchnic vascular resistance in IHPH and PHPH rats. The concentration of plasma 6-keto-PGF1alpha (pg/ml) in IHPH (1093.75+/-142.15) and PHPH (897.42+/-53.29) rats was significantly higher than that in SO rats (730.13+/-98.67) (P<0.05). The expression of COX-1 mRNA in the thoracic aorta, SMA and small intestine was enhanced, whereas COX-2 mRNA expression was not detected in either of these vessels or the small intestine. The plasma 6-keto-PGF1alpha concentration and the expression of COX-1 mRNA in these vessels and the small intestine were closely correlated with such hemodynamic parameters as portal venous inflow (PVI), splanchnic vascular resistance (SVR) and free portal venous pressure (FPP) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of COX-1 mRNA and the levels of PGI2 were closely related to the hyperdynamic circulatory state of portal hypertensive rats.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

[Functional groups of natural enemies and their temporal-spatial dynamics in jujube orchard intercropped with herbage].

In this paper, an investigation was made on the temporal-spatial dynamics of the functional groups of natural enemies in the jujube orchard 2.5 km west of Taigu (112 degrees 8'E, 38 degrees 9'N, 780 m elevation), Shanxi Province in 2002, aimed to work out an effective strategy to control the pests there. In this orchard, four management modes were applied, i. e., intercropping herbage combined with integrated pest management (IPM), intercropping combined with conventional pest management (CM), intercropping with no pest management (NM), and non- intercropping (CK). The results indicated that the total number of natural enemies in IPM, CM and NM was 187.99%, 151.82% and 210.03% higher than CK, respectively, and the recovery and reconstruction rates as well as the average breadth and overlap indices of two dimensional temporal-spatial niches of the functional groups were higher in intercropping modes than in CK. The average diversity index of the functional groups in intercropping modes was significantly bigger than that in CK, but the fluctuation of the diversity standard error of the functional groups was significantly smaller (P < 0.05). The fluctuation trends of the dominance, diversity, and evenness of functional groups had a significant correlation (P< 0.01) with those of species. These results showed that intercropping herbage in jujube orchard was favorable to the conservation, proliferation, and making use of natural enemies. The natural enemy's community in jujube orchard intercropped with herbage was more stable than that without intercropping, and the numbers and functions of the functional groups were differed with different management modes and different stages. Among the functional groups of natural enemies, ladybirds had a stronger ability of recovery, while spiders and parasitoids were weaker. It was feasible to use functional groups instead of species to study the natural enemy's community in jujube orchard.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Population structure and niche of main scale insects in jujube orchards intercropped with wheat].

To effectively control the scale insects in jujube orchards, a field study was made on the population structure and niche of Pseudococcus comstock Kuwane, Ceroplastes japonicus Green and Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock in the jujube orchards intercropped with wheat in Taigu area of Shanxi Province. The results showed that at the early development stage of jujube trees, these three kinds of scale insects mainly distributed on the southeast direction of the lower and central parts of the tree crown, and P. comstock was the dominant species, with a wider breadth of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niche than the other two scale insects. At the mid-stage of jujube trees development, these scale insects mainly distributed on the northwest direction of the upper part of the tree crown, C. japonicus had a wider breadth of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niche than the other two scale insects, and the niche proportional similarity and interspecific competition of the three kinds of scale insects were not obvious. At the later stage of jujube trees development, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the population structure of the three kinds of scale insects on the different parts and directions of tree crown, but the density of Q. perniciosus was bigger, and C. japonicus had a wider breadth of two-dimensional temporal-spatial niche. The average values of niche proportional similarity and interspecific competition of the three kinds of scale insects were smaller (P < 0.05) at the later development stage of jujube trees. Therefore, P. comstock should be controlled at the early development stage of jujube trees, all the three kinds of scale insects should be controlled selectively at the mid-stage of jujube trees development, and their overwinterings should be decreased by all means at the later development stage of jujube trees.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

Influence of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase blockade on expression of cyclooxygenase and hemodynamics in rats with portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND: The importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension (PHT) has been extensively studied, but whether or not prostacyclin (PGI(2)) plays a role in formation and development of hyperdynamic circutatory state in PHT has not been verified. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible interaction between prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) in the hyperdynamic circulatory state of rats with chronic portal hypertension (PHT), by measuring the hemodynamic changes and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) mRNA in vessels and small intestine after administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or indomethacin (INDO) either in the short-term (7 days) or long-term (15 days). METHODS: Ninety-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH) induced by injection of CCl(4), prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH) induced by partial stenosis of the portal vein, and sham-operated controls (SO). Animals of each group received L-NNA or INDO either for 7 or 15 days, with saline as control. Splanchnic hemodynamics was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. The concentration of NO in serum was determined as the nitrate; nitrite ratio (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-), micromol/L) by a colorometric method, and that of PGI(2) was measured by specific radioimmunoassay for its stable hydrolysis product 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) (pg/ml). The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction measured the levels of COX-1 mRNA in the superior mesenteric artery, thoracic aorta, and small intestine of these rats. RESULTS: Compared with SO rats, COX-1 mRNA expression and the concentrations of plasma 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) and serum NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) were enhanced in both IHPH and PHPH rats; splanchnic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased, but portal venous inflow (PVI) markedly increased (P<0.05). Seven or 15 days of L-NNA treatment reduced COX-1 mRNA expression in these vessels and the small intestine, concomitant with a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma PGI(2) and serum NO in IHPH and PHPH rats (P<0.05). At the same time, PVI decreased but SVR increased significantly (P<0.05). In both IHPH and PHPH rats, the COX-1 mRNA expression and the concentration of plasma PGI(2) after No synthase (NOS) blockade for 15 days were higher than those for 7 days, whereas the hyperdynamic circulatory state was improved after NOS blockade for 15 days compared with 7 days. The concentration of PGI(2) treated by INDO for 15 days was not significantly different from that after 7-day COX blockade, and hemodynamics restored hyperdynamic circulatory state. CONCLUSIONS: The hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with PHT is correlated with the concentration of serum NO. There is a possible interaction between PGI(2) and NO in the hyperhemodynamics of PHT. PGI(2) is probably not the mediator in the formation and development of the hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with chronic PHT.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Role of PGI2 in the formation and maintenance of hyperdynamic circulatory state of portal hypertensive rats.

AIM: To investigate the role of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) in the development and maintenance of hyperdynamic circulatory state of chronic portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH) group by injection of CCl(4), prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH) group by partial stenosis of the portal vein and sham-operation control (SO) group. One week after the models were made, animals in each group were subdivided into 4 groups: saline controlled group (n = 23), Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) group (n = 21) group, indomethacin (INDO) group (n = 22) and high-dose heparin group (n = 24). The rats were administrated 1 mL of saline, L-NNA (3.3 mg/kg.d) and INDO (5 mg/kg.d) respectively through gastric tubes for one week, then heparin (200 IU/Kg/min) was given to rats by intravenous injection for an hour. Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics were measured using radioactive microsphere techniques. The serum nitrate/nitrite (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-)) levels as a marker of production of NO were assessed by a colorimetric method, and concentration of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, a stable hydrolytic product of PGI(2), was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The concentrations of plasma 6-keto-PGF1alpha (pg/mL) and serum NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) (micromol/L) in IHPH rats (1123.85+/-153.64, 73.34+/-4.31) and PHPH rats (891.88+/-83.11, 75.21+/-6.89) were significantly higher than those in SO rats (725.53+/-105.54, 58.79+/-8.47) (P<0.05). Compared with SO rats, total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) and spanchnic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased but cardiac index (CI) and portal venous inflow (PVI) increased obviously in IHPH and PHPH rats (P<0.05). L-NNA and indomethacin could decrease the concentrations of plasma 6-keto-PGF1alpha and serum NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) in IHPH and PHPH rats (P<0.05). Meanwhile, CI, FPP and PVI lowered but MAP, TPR and SVR increased (P<0.05). After deduction of the action of NO, there was no significant correlation between plasma PGI(2) level and hemodynamic parameters such as CI, TPR, PVI and SVR. However, after deduction of the action of PGI(2), NO still correlated highly with the hemodynamic parameters, indicating that there was a close correlation between NO and the hemodynamic parameters. After administration of high-dose heparin, plasma 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) concentrations in IHPH, PHPH and SO rats were significantly higher than those in rats administrated vehicle (P<0.05). On the contrary, levels of serum NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) in IHPH, PHPH and SO rats were significantly lower than those in rats administrated Vehicle (P<0.05). Compared with those rats administrated vehicle, the hemodynamic parameters of portal hypertensive rats, such as CI and PVI, declined significantly after administration of high-dose heparin (P<0.05), while TPR and SVR increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is NO rather than PGI(2) that is a mediator in the formation and maintenance of hyperdynamic circulatory state of chronic portal hypertensive rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Synthesis of dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalenes via a molybdenum carbonyl mediated tandem allenic Pauson-Khand reaction and the X-ray crystal structure of a planar dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene.

Two 14 pi cross-linked annulenes which belong to the family of dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalenes have been synthesized, 14 pi bis enol triflate ester 27 and the 3,7-diisopropylsilyl substituted 14 pi dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene 30. The new allenic tandem Pauson-Khand reaction mediated by Mo(CO)(6) was employed as the key process to construct the core of the tetracycles. The two linear dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalenes 27 and 30 underwent significant electronic delocalization, perhaps even aromaticity, as revealed by the X-ray structure of 27. The tetracyclic rings in 27 assumed a flat geometry (Figure 4); the bond lengths of the tetracycle in 27 also fit well into the criteria for aromatic compounds. A comparison of the NMR and UV spectra of both 27 and 30 demonstrated that they both exhibited similar electronic properties, therefore, the purple colored 14 pi cross linked annulene 30 is planar as well as delocalized.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Re-radiation of acoustic waves from the A0 wave on a submerged elastic shell.

We consider evacuated thin semi-infinite shells immersed in a fluid, which may be either of cylindrical shape with a hemispherical shell endcap, or formed two-dimensionally by semi-infinite parallel plates joined together by a semi-cylinder. The connected shell portions are joined in a manner to satisfy continuity but with a discontinuous radius of curvature. Acoustic waves are considered incident along the axis of symmetry (say the z axis) onto the curved portion of the shell, where they, at the critical angle of coincidence, generate Lamb and Stoneley-type waves in the shell. Computations were carried out using a code developed by Cao et al. [Chinese J. Acoust. 14, 317 (1995)] and was used in order to computationally visualize the waves in the fluid that have been re-radiated by the shell waves a the critical angle. The frequency range was below that of the lowest Lamb wave, and only the A0 wave (and partly the S0 wave) was observed to re-radiate into the fluid under our assumptions. The results will be compared to experimental results in which the re-radiated waves are optically visualized by the Schardin-Cranz schlieren method.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Magnetic resonance angiography in the management of patients with portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, MR techniques have been widely used for displaying hepatic vessels and measuring its hemodynamics, especially in the management of the patients with portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the treatment of patients with portal hypertension. METHODS: A series of 38 patients with portal hypertension and 12 control patients were enrolled in this study. Three dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced (3D-DCE) MRA and two dimensional phase-contrast (2D-PC) MR were used for the study of portal venous anatomy and its hemodynamics, which were compared with those of indirect portal-venography (IPVG) and doppler ultrasonography (DUS). RESULTS: The anatomical imaging of the portal venous system could be displayed clearly in 3D-DCE MRA and the imaging quality of MRA was better than that of IPVG. The hemodynamic information from 2D-PC MR was closely related to that from DUS. CONCLUSIONS: As a non-invasive technique, MRA can display the anatomy of the portal venous system clearly and measure its hemodynamics exactly. It is very useful and can be applied if necessary in the management of patients with portal hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Construction of a large human scFv library against SARS virus].

AIM: To construct a large human scFv library against SARS virus by using in vivo recombination. METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from the lymphocytes of 6 patients recovered from SARS. mRNA was isolated and reverse transcribed into cDNA. The V(H) and V(L) fragments were amplified from the cDNA and then assembled into scFv genes. The scFv genes were amplified and ligated into phagemid pDAN5. The primary library was constructed by transforming the recombinant phagemid into E.coli TG1. The secondary library was generated by in vivo recombination in E.coli BS1365 following the infection of BS1365 by primary library phages. RESULTS: A primary library of 3x10(9) and a second library of 3x10(11) were constructed. CONCLUSION: A large human scFv library against SARS virus with good diversity was constructed, which may be used for screening antibodies to SARS virus antigens.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2005

Effects of combined splenorenal shunt devascularization and devascularization only on hemodynamics of the portal venous system in patients with portal hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Shunt and devascularization have totally different effects on hemodynamics of the portal venous system, and the actual results of combined shunt and devascularization should be determined by more clinical observations. This study aimed to evaluate effects on hemodynamics of the portal venous system after conventional splenorenal shunt combined with pericardial devascularization and pericardial devascularization only. METHODS: In 20 patients who had received conventional splenorenal shunt combined with pericardial devascularization(CP) and 18 who had received pericardial devascularization and splenectomy(PCDV), hemodynamic parameters of the portal venous system were studied by magnetic resonance angiography 1 week before and 2 weeks after operation. Free portal pressure was detected continuously by a transducer during the operation. RESULTS: Compared to the preoperative data, a decreased flow of the portal vein(PVF) (563.12+/-206.42 ml/min vs. 1080.63+/-352.85 ml/min, P < 0.05), a decreased diameter of the portal vein (PVD) (1.20+/-0.11 cm vs. 1.30+/-0.16 cm, P < 0.01), a decreased free portal pressure(FPP) (21.50+/-2.67 mmHg vs. 29.88+/-2.30 mmHg, P < 0.01) and an increased flow of the superior mesenteric vein (SMVF) (1105.45+/-309.03 ml/min vs. 569.13+/-178.46 ml/min, P < 0.05) were found in the CP group after operation; a decreased PVD (1.27+/-0.16 cm vs. 1.40+/-0.23 cm, P < 0.05), a decreased PVF(684.60+/-165.73 ml/min vs. 1175.64+/-415.09 ml/min, P < 0.05), a decreased FPP (24.40+/-3.78 mmHg vs. 28.80+/-3.56 mmHg, P < 0.05) and an increased SMVF (697.91+/-121.83 ml/min vs. 521.30+/-115.82 ml/min, P < 0.05) were found in the PCDV group. After operation, the PVF of CP group(563.12+/-206.42 ml/min vs. 684.60+/-165.73 ml/min, P > 0.05) was not decreased significantly while FPP (21.50+/-2.67 mmHg vs. 24.40+/-3.78 mmHg, P < 0.01) was decreased significantly as compared with that of the PCDV group. CONCLUSIONS: PVF and FPP could be decreased by both surgical procedures, but the effect of decreasing FPP is much better in the combined procedures than in PCDV. Since there is no significant difference in PVF between the two groups, the combined procedures could integrate advantages of shunt with those of the devascularization, maintaining the normal anatomy structure of the hepatic portal vein, and should be one of the best choices for patients with PHT when surgical interventions are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Isolation, purification and identification of geniposidic acid in Eucommia ulmoides oliv. by silica column chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance].

The methods using silica column chromatography, reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (RP-HPLC/LC-ESI-MS/NMR) for the isolation, purification and identification of geniposidic acid (GPA) in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. were established. The crude extract of E. ulmoides was obtained after E. ulmoides was extracted with 70% ethanol and the extract was concentrated under reduced pressures. The obtained crude extract dissolved in methanol was injected to a silica gel column and eluted with chloroform-methanol. The eluted fractions were analyzed by RP-HPLC. The eluant from chloroform-methanol (8:1, v/v) was indicated to be a single component by HPLC with a retention time of 5.142 min. The HPLC analysis of the mixture of this fraction with a GPA standard resulted in a single peak. The ultraviolet and infrared spectra of the eluted solution were essentially the same to those of GPA. On the other hand, LC-ESI-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR experiments also indicated that the fraction was identical to GPA.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗