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Biomedical subjects

I A Parham

Publications and source records attributed to I A Parham.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Follow-up to the statewide model detection and prevention program for geriatric alcoholism and alcohol abuse.

A follow-up study was conducted to investigate the long term consequences of a statewide geriatric alcoholism detection and prevention effort in Virginia. High levels of knowledge had been retained seven years after the initial training. Quantitative and qualitative data provided by 64 of the volunteers, who were trained to conduct workshops in their communities, verified the program's ability to: 1) encourage further training or study in the area, 2) enhance the detection of alcohol problems, and 3) increase the incidence of assistance to individuals with alcohol problems. Ancillary data revealed the program's effects on personal drinking habits.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A statewide model detection and prevention program for geriatric alcoholism and alcohol abuse: increased knowledge among service providers.

To facilitate the professional development of service providers, the Virginia project on geriatric alcohol abuse and alcoholism developed and used an informational booklet, brochure, and video in a "train the trainer" model. A core group received extensive training, and then trained colleagues in their local communities. Knowledge gains were documented among both trainers and trainees. Follow-up interviews with agency personnel revealed substantial impact on a broad spectrum of service systems and improvements in interagency coordination. Results are discussed in terms of the educational needs of professional service providers regarding the unique aspects of alcoholism and alcohol abuse in the older population.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Age differences in attributions to causality: implications for intellectual assessment.

Negative attributions and failure expectations held by elderly test-takers may be confounding ability-extraneous variables and thus may contribute to lowered intellectual performance. The present study, using the contextualistic model, examined these confounds through experimental manipulation of causal attributions to test outcome in younger and older individuals. Eighty females (40 elderly; 40 younger) were exposed to noncontingent failure (unsolvable test items) and received a verbal massage stating their failure and relating it to either their ability, effort, or no cause. A fourth group exposed to identical failure was not given feedback. Subjects in all four groups for both ages were then administered three solvable intelligence sub-tests: Reasoning, Hidden Patterns, and Paper Folding. Older subjects exhibited significantly lower success expectations and performed more poorly on all three tests. Also, older and younger subjects, in the absence of suggested causal ascription, showed differential performance in the Paper Folding Test. Younger subjects with no experimenter-given cause for failure exhibited facilitation of performance while older subjects' performances, under the same conditions, showed deficits. Results are discussed in reference to attributional style research and the contextualistic viewpoint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Efficiency of automatic depth in processing in the elderly.

Initial encoding of information in the elderly was examined within the framework of controlled vs automatic processing. Controlled processing demands conscious effort, whereas automatic processing is cost-free in this regard. The suggestion is that adequate encoding and storage could be hindered if semantic depth is not accessed automatically. A task developed by Warren to investigate automatic processing in young Ss was used to test whether words reached semantic levels automatically in elderly Ss. Twenty-four females, 12 young and 12 old, heard word triads. Each triad was followed by visual presentation of a single word in colored ink. For both young and old Ss, color-naming latency for the visual words was significantly higher if the word itself was present in the auditory triad. This indicated that the visual words were processed to the level of meaning automatically in both young and old Ss.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Stability of adult personality traits: fact or fable?

Theoretical positions for and against a stability model for adult personality traits are examined. Results of a sequential study of 19 personality factors over a 7-year period and with participants ranging in age from 22 to 84 years suggest that stability within generations appears to be the rule, albeit combined with many differences between successive population cohorts and subject to transient secular trends. A typology of 13 possible models is offered to account for the different developmental trends observed for the various personality factors.

Adult↗