Biomedical subjects
I A Zavalishin
Publications and source records attributed to I A Zavalishin.
[In vivo diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease].
The paper presents the data concerning usage of some original method of vital laboratory diagnostics of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease that belongs to the group of prionic diseases. The method consisted in the inoculation of inoculative culture of rat Gasser ganglion's neurinoma by biologic materials investigated (serum and clot of blood) with the following passivation and investigation of the contaminated culture by means of both morphologic and electron microscopic methods. As an example of vital verificated case the wide pathomorphologic analysis of the biopsy sample of brain was presented. Besides, the efficiency of the investigation of cognitive evoked potentials (P300) together with EEG was also demonstrated as the method of objectification of the development of dementia in this disease.
[Prions and neurodegenerative human diseases].
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[Current trends in the study of the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases].
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[Neurotransmitter changes in multiple sclerosis].
Elevated levels of norepinephrine and of excitatory amino acids (glutamate, aspartate) were observed in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis while there were elevated content of glutamine, asparagine and glycine in their blood. An important point concerning these results was the relation between biochemical indices and the character of neurological symptoms, their severity as well as the course of the disease. The role of neurotransmitters in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and particularly in biochemical mechanisms of the relation between nervous and immune system that underlie the development of neurological deficiencies is suggested.
[DNA level in plasma of patients with atherosclerotic damage of the main cerebral arteries and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].
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[Betaferon--first experience of application in treatment of multiple sclerosis in Russia].
32 patients (21-55 years old) with multiple sclerosis (MS) were treated. Remittent form of the disease was observed in 24 patients, secondary progressive one--in 8 individuals; the degree of disability was characterised as scores 0-3 (the first group) and scores 5-6 (the second one) according to scale EDSS. Betaferon was administered subcutaneously in the dose of 8 MIU every other day during the period from several months to 1 year and more. Improvement of the state was observed in 5 patients with remittent form, stop of the development of disease (absence of either aggravations or signs of MS progression) was found in 26 cases (21 with remittent form, 4 with secondary progressive form). The conclusion was made: betaferon cannot cure but can stop progression of the disease. Indications and contraindications for betaferon therapy were established and recommendations were given concerning regimen of the treatment prophylaxis and therapy of side-effects.
[Clinical aspects of astroglia's pathology].
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[Multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The development of concepts of their etiology and pathogenesis].
The analysis of the results of investigations concerning etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis performed in Institute of Neurology of Rus. Acad. Med. Sci. There were three main periods of the researches determined mainly by theoretical achievements. For the last years the standards of such investigations have approached fundamental levels and corresponded to the trends of world science.
[Oxidant stress--the general mechanism of the damage in nervous system diseases].
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[Neurotransmitter changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].
The results of investigation concerning both total and cerebral catecholamine metabolism indices in 78 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are presented. The considerable elevation of both blood and liquor norepinephrine level as well as of blood epinephrine concentration was observed together with acute decrease of platelet MAO B activity. The conclusion was made about the participation of catecholamines in exitotoxic mechanisms of motor neurons systems death which was quite characteristic for ALS development. A short literary review was presented concerning the role of neurotransmitters in regulation of motor functions. The neurochemical disturbances which may result in release of exitotoxic mechanisms of ALS were considered too. The consideration of data obtained as well as the analysis of modern conceptions of ALS pathogenesis enable both to determine some ways of ALS pathogenetic therapy and to define the basic directions of further investigations.
[The Gerstmann-Sträussler syndrome: new diagnostic possibilities].
On the basis of clinical picture of the disease, data of CT, MRT, psychological study, original laboratory investigation aimed at indication of changes in transposed neuroglia cells induced by the causal agent of subacute spongious transmissible encephalopathies, the diagnosis of patient K., 49 years old, was considered to be: syndrome of Gertsmann-Sträussler [correction of Herstmann Streussler]. Duration of the disease was 2 years. The case was sporadic. The history of the problem, modern views on etiology, pathogenesis of preventive measures are presented.
[Analysis of serum antibodies to nerve tissue antigens in patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis].
We used non-direct immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting and affinity chromatography on A-protein Superose to study antibodies to neural tissue antigens in sera from 11 patients with ALS and from 10 healthy donors. In all sera the majoric antigens had molecular masses of 150-200kD, 70kD and 50kD. No consistent differences were found between ALS patients and controls. Antibodies to 50kD and 70kD proteins from patients with ALS were found to be mostly IgM, whereas antibodies from control sera were mostly IgG. Antibodies to high molecular weight proteins (150-200kD) in ALS and controls belonged to both classes of immunoglobulins. Immunoblotting studies of neural tissue proteins after treatment blots with alkaline phosphatase showed considerable decrease of antibodies binding to neural tissue antigens in sera of ALS patients. The same results were obtained by immunofluorescence assay. The alkaline phosphatase experiments suggest that in ALS patients the sera antibodies are directed mainly against phosphoepitopes in protein antigenic determinants of the neural tissue. This results can lead to conclusion of a role for the altered phosphorylation of the neural proteins in the ALS pathogenesis.
[Pathogenesis of retrobulbar neuritis].
Biological fluids from 146 patients with retrobulbar neuritis were examined for the biochemical, immunochemical and immunologic characteristics that mirror destructive processes in myelin and changes in the system of the cholinoglycine cycle which is one of the stages of the synthesis of myelin in the oligodendrocyte. In the majority of observations, the changes in these reactions of different directions and of varying intensity were revealed. Based on the data obtained the conclusion is made that part of the patients with retrobulbar neuritis may be attributed to multiple sclerosis since according to the laboratory findings, the demyelinating process occurring in them goes beyond optic nerves. Besides, it has been shown with special reference to retrobulbar neuritis that the primary affect, possibly of the viral nature, is likely to be localized in the oligodendrocyte, with myelin being involved in the process for the second time.
[Antibodies to the structural elements of the neuron in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in their healthy relatives].
The results of determining antibodies to the structural elements of neuron in the serum and CSF of 100 patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS), in the serum of their relatives (n-67), and in biological fluids of 50 patients suffering from other neurologic diseases allowed the following conclusions to be made. The predominance of antibody demonstration in the CSF of LAS patients over that in the serum may attest to the immune response on the part of the CNS. The presence of antibodies in the relatives (not-blood ones for the most part) of LAS patients suggests an infectious nature of the disease.