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Biomedical subjects

I Adler

Publications and source records attributed to I Adler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Increased nondisjunction of chromosome 21 with age in human peripheral lymphocytes.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on binucleated cells with chromosome-specific DNA probes provides a convenient way to visualize reciprocal segregation patterns in daughter nuclei, and overcomes most problems related to the artefactual loss or gain of chromosomes that flaw chromosome preparations. In this study, FISH was employed to evaluate age- and sex-effects on spontaneous malsegregation, nondisjunction and loss of chromosome 21 in human lymphocytes after the first division in culture. A total of 68 healthy nonsmokers and nondrinkers of alcohol (37 males and 31 females) were grouped by age as Group I (0-10 years), Group II (20-30 years), Group III (40-50 years) and Group IV (60-70 years), with at least seven subjects per group and sex. FISH with a pericentric chromosome 21 specific DNA probe was carried out on binucleated lymphocytes, cytokinesis-blocked by cytochalasin B (6 microg/ml for 26 h) at 44 h after initiation of cultures. Linear regression analyses demonstrated a significant age-related increase in the frequency of micronuclei without chromosome 21 (MN-21)(r=0.73, p<0.001 in females; r=0.69, p<0.001 in males) in all binucleated cells, with a steeper slope in females (0.1758) than in males (0. 1241). Analysis using the 2x2 chi-square (chi(2)) test on the frequencies of MN-21 showed significant age-related differences in both males and females, except males in Group III and Group IV (p>0. 05). A significant sex-related difference was found only in subjects over 60 years (p<0.05), with females having more MN-21 (12.57 per thousand vs. 8.43 per thousand) than males. Loss of chromosome 21, occurring at mean levels of 0.38 per thousand in all binucleated cells and 0.24 per thousand in binucleated cells containing four FISH signals, was shown not to be age- or sex-related. A positive age-related increase in nondisjunction of chromosome 21 was shown in males (r=0.50, p<0.01), females (r=0.61, p<0.001) and all subjects (r=0.55, p<0.001) by linear regression analysis. An age effect was found only between children and adults (p<0.01 for females, p<0.05

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Griseofulvin-induced aneuploidy and meiotic delay in male mouse germ cells: detected by using conventional cytogenetics and three-color FISH.

Griseofulvin (GF) was tested in male mouse germ cells for the induction of meiotic delay and aneuploidy. Starved mice were orally treated with 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of GF in corn oil and testes were sampled 22 h later for meiotic delay analysis and chromosome counting in spermatocytes at the second meiotic metaphase (MMII). A dose-related increase in meiotic delay by dose-dependently arresting spermatocytes in first meiotic metaphase (MMI) or/and prolonging interkinesis was observed. Hyperhaploid MMII cells were not significantly increased. Sperm were sampled from the Caudae epididymes 22 days after GF-treatment of the males for three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The frequencies of diploidies were 0.01-0.02% in sperm of the solvent control animals and increased dose-dependently to 0.03%, 0.068% and 0.091%, respectively, for 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of GF. The frequencies of disomic sperm were increased significantly above the controls in all GF-treated groups but showed no dose response. The data for individual classes of disomic sperm indicated that MII was more sensitive than MI to GF-induced non-disjunction in male mice. A comparison of the present data from male mice and literature data from female mice suggests that mouse oocytes are more sensitive than mouse spermatocytes to GF-induced meiotic delay and aneuploidy.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1999

[A DNA probe suitable for the detection of chromosome 21 copy number in human interphase nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare DNA probe which can be used to accurately detect chromosome 21 copy number in human interphase nuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS: A probe was produced by universal primer PCR from YAC clone 881D2 and characterized by FISH to metaphases and interphase nuclei of peripheral lymphocytes from 8 normal individuals and 5 patients suffering from trisomy 21. RESULTS: A DNA probe was produced and its characteristics were :(1) Most of the probes ranged in size from 350bp to 750bp; (2) The hybridization signals of the probes were located near centromere on long arm of human chromosome 21; (3) In 1524 metaphases scored, about 99.95% of hybridization signals were located on chromosome 21; (4) The signals were very bright and recognizable easily in both metaphases and interphases nuclei; (5) The expected copy number of chromosome 21 was detected by FISH with the probe in more than 98.40% of interphase nuclei and 99.60% of metaphases. CONCLUSION: The DNA probe reported here is suitable for the detection of chromosome 21 copy number in interphase nuclei and for the study of segregation of chromosome 21 during mitoses of human lymphocytes in culture.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1990

Attitudes toward retirement in an Israeli cohort.

The three-fold purpose of this study was 1) to clarify the concept of "attitudes toward retirement" and its multidimensional structure; 2) to test hypotheses about the relationship between attitudes and gender and SES; and 3) to analyze the relationship between attitudes and the Sense of Coherence concept in terms of the functional consequences of different attitudes. A sample of 805 (432 men and 373 women) Israeli "on-time" people on the verge of retirement were interviewed. Results point to the importance of distinguishing between perceptions of gains and losses in the retirement developmental transition; identification of blue-collar workers, with ambivalent attitudes, as a high-risk group; and the importance of a strong Sense of Coherence in adopting attitudes presumably functional in coping with the developmental transition.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Ranking risk factors for perinatal mortality. Analysis of a nation-wide study.

This paper analyses data from the Israeli nationwide perinatal census, with the aim of revealing the possible causes of perinatal death, and to assess the effects of risk factors, using a logistic regression analysis. The analysis provided an estimate of the net effect of each characteristic independently, thus identifying high-risk pregnancies that should be monitored with greater intensity. Five variables were found to have a significant effect on perinatal death. Among these, in order of decreasing risk: fetal presentation, maternal diseases complicating pregnancy, number of fetuses, ethnic origin, and maternal age. Other variables such as parity, standard of hospital, the mother's country of birth and domiciliary circumstances, did not significantly affect perinatal mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of socioeconomic status on oral mucosa lesion prevalence in schoolchildren.

The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in children aged 4-13 yr from two schools, one (S1) having a higher socioeconomic status than the other (S2). In all, 846 children were examined, 463 from S1 and 383 from S2, of whom 555 were boys and 291 were girls. There were 359 boys and 104 girls in S1; 196 boys and 187 girls in S2. Fifteen different lesion types were discerned. The most frequent ones were recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) (92 cases); fissured cheilitis (54); herpes labialis (44); angular cheilitis (30); geographic tongue (25); smooth tongue (22); and plicated tongue (17). An outstanding finding was the contrasting distribution of certain lesion types in the two schools. RAU was observed in 19% of the children from S1, making up 50% of all lesions detected. However, in S2 only 2% exhibited RAU, making up less than 4% of observed lesions. On the other hand, herpes labialis was seen in 1% of S1 and 10% of S2 children, regardless of age or sex. Plicated tongue was found in 3.2% in S1 and 0.5% in S2; fissured cheilitis in 2.9% in S1 and 12.8% in S2; and angular cheilitis in 1.1% in S1 and 6.5% in S2. Therefore, there were no statistical differences between the schools in the ratio of total lesions observed to children examined, but a significant difference was apparent when individual lesions were taken into account.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Male infertility due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia: testicular biopsy findings, hormonal evaluation, and therapeutic results in three patients.

Testicular biopsy in three infertile male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia showed different grades of germinal epithelium maturation, and no Leydig cells in the interstitium. In two patients with severe germinal cell hypoplasia, very low serum gonadotropins showed no response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation and responded to long-term clomiphene citrate administration. It is hypothesized that an increase of hypothalamic estrogen production because of local androstenedione aromatization might be responsible for the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone block observed in these patients. All patients were submitted to adrenal suppressive therapy, and in two cases a return of the fertility status was obtained.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1986

Public reaction to establishment of community residential facilities for mentally retarded persons in Israel.

Public attitudes and projected behavior associated with the establishment of community residence facilities for mentally retarded persons in Israel and the relationship between them were studied. Attitudes were clustered into two major types: those referring to general images of retarded persons and those relevant to potential interactions between retarded persons and one's own community. A three-phase model in which the effects of general attitudes on behavior are mediated through more specific attitudes was specified and tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The epidemiology of adolescent drug use in France and Israel.

Based on samples of adolescents residing in urban areas in France and in Israel, cross-cultural comparisons of adolescent use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, and illicit drugs are reported. Lifetime and current prevalences of use of all substances are higher in France than in Israel. The relative ranking of the prevalence of use of the various drugs is identical in the two countries, and is similar to that found in American samples. In both countries, drug use is more prevalent among males than females, and among older than younger adolescents. There are no differences among different socioeconomic groups. Religiosity affects the rates of use of all drugs in France, and the rates of non-alcoholic substances and the amounts of alcoholic beverages consumed in Israel. Differences in the prevalence of substance use across cultures and within a culture decrease as overall prevalence of use increases.

Adolescent↗