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Biomedical subjects

I Anteby

Publications and source records attributed to I Anteby.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Suppression of inflammatory and fibrotic responses in allergic inflammation by the amniotic membrane stromal matrix.

BACKGROUND: The amniotic membrane (AM), which is the innermost layer of the placenta, was shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties in various in vitro and clinical studies. PURPOSE: To evaluate the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the AM matrix (AMM) on human conjunctival and lung fibroblasts in an in vitro system that tests fibrotic and inflammatory responses at the effector stages of allergic inflammation. METHODS: Human conjunctival or lung fibroblasts were seeded on plastic or on the stromal aspect of the AM, which was mounted on plastic inserts. Sonicates of human peripheral blood eosinophils activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or human mast cell (HMC-1) leukaemia cell sonicates, were added to sub-confluent fibroblast monolayers. Proliferation of the sub-confluent fibroblasts was assessed using the [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay. The production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-8 in conjunctival or lung fibroblasts was measured in conditioned media from these cultures by ELISA. RESULTS: After 4 days in culture, the [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay indicated a reduced proliferation of activated conjunctival and lung fibroblasts when cultured directly on the AMM. The production of both TGF-beta1 and IL-8 was significantly suppressed in activated conjunctival fibroblasts cultured on the AMM compared with those cultured on plastic, while the production of both TGF-beta1 and GM-CSF was decreased in human lung fibroblast cultured on the AMM. CONCLUSIONS: The AMM is capable of suppressing fibrotic responses in an in vitro system of effector stages of ocular allergic inflammation. These data may provide a basis for exploring matrix components in the AM for the treatment of allergic eye disease.

Amnion↗
PubMed2004

Post-brachytherapy initial tumour regression rate correlates with metastatic spread in posterior uveal melanoma.

AIM: To confirm the prognostic value of post-brachytherapy initial tumour regression rate in posterior uveal melanoma. METHODS: A prospective, comparative, observational cohort study was carried out on 147 eyes (147 patients) with choroidal melanoma (mean age 61 years) treated with Ru-106 brachytherapy. OBSERVATION PROCEDURE: Patients were followed clinically and ultrasonically every 6.7 (SD 0.3) months (1001 examinations). On average each patient was examined 5.8 times (mean follow up 9.6 (3.7) years). The echographic parameters included tumour base size, height, internal reflectivity, regularity, vascularity, and extrascleral extension. The clinical follow up included ocular examination and periodic metastatic screening (liver function tests and liver imaging). Main outcome measures were risk of liver metastasis in correlation with the post-brachytherapy initial tumour regression rate. RESULTS: At brachytherapy the mean tumour height was 5.2 mm (range 2.2-11.8 mm). After brachytherapy 142 tumours (96.6%) responded by a decrease in height. The initial height regression rate was 6.1% (0.8%) per month in patients who later developed metastasis v 4.3% (0.4%) per month in those who did not. Tumours higher than 6 mm, tumours with an internal reflectivity smaller than 50%, and tumours with an initial rate of height regression larger than 0.7 mm/month (10% per month) had higher 5 year melanoma related mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed a significant role for tumour height and initial tumour regression rate on patients' survival. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that post-brachytherapy initial tumour regression rate has a prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ocular manifestations in children born after in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To report the ocular abnormalities found in children born after in vitro fertilization. METHODS: Forty-seven children (25 girls and 22 boys) born after an in vitro fertilization pregnancy (mean +/- SD birth weight, 2335 +/- 817 g; range, 924-4300 g) and referred for ophthalmic evaluation were included in the study. All underwent a thorough ocular examination. Obstetric history was gathered following a detailed questionnaire with the mothers. RESULTS: Of 70 eyes among nonverbal children, visual acuity was "normal for age" in 60 (86%), "fair" in 4 (6%), and "poor" in 6 (9%). Visual acuity in 24 eyes in verbal children ranged from 6/6 to no light perception, with 4 (17%) having poor vision. Cycloplegic refraction disclosed an emmetropia in 22 (27%), hypermetropia in 47 (57%), and myopia in 13 (16%) of the eyes. Anisometropia of more than 1.0 diopters was found in 8 children. Major ocular malformations were observed in 12 (26%) of the 47 children. These malformations included Coats disease, congenital cataract, congenital glaucoma, hypoplastic optic nerve head, idiopathic optic atrophy, coloboma with microphthalmos, and retinoblastoma. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born after in vitro fertilization. A diligent and prospective prenatal search for such malformations should unveil the real prevalence of ocular malformations in children born after in vitro fertilization.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2001

Orbital growth retardation in retinoblastoma survivors: work in progress.

BACKGROUND: Orbital growth retardation, after enucleation and/or external beam radiation for retinoblastoma (RB), is a serious late effect. We measured orbital volumes of RB survivors treated at Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, between 1980-1998. PROCEDURE: Forty-five orbits of 28 children with RB (17 bilateral, 11 unilateral) were examined. Thirty-six orbits were irradiated, 19 enucleated, and 10 both enucleated and irradiated. The orbital volumes were calculated from a three-dimensional orbital CT reconstruction. The orbits of RB survivors were compared to age-matched controls. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 13 months, mean follow-up time was 56 months. The mean volume of RB orbits (14.4 cc) was statistically significantly smaller than control orbits (17.8 cc). There was no difference between the mean volume of orbits treated with enucleation, irradiation or both. The orbital volume of children treated before the age of 12 months was statistically significantly smaller than those treated later. There was no difference between mean volume of fellow orbits in unilateral RB and controls. The mean orbital asymmetry index in control children (2.6%) was statistically significantly smaller than in RB survivors (14%). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant orbital growth retardation after enucleation and/or irradiation for RB. There was no difference between mean orbital volumes after enucleation, radiation or both. Orbital growth retardation was most prominent in children treated in the first year of life. Although small in number, our study suggests that deferring enucleation and/or irradiation until after the age of 12 months may reduce long-term complications.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Traumatic wound dehiscence after cataract extraction.

PURPOSE: To study the visual outcome and factors associated with it in patients with traumatic dehiscence of a cataract surgery wound. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology and the Brown School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of 37 eyes of 37 consecutive patients with traumatic wound dehiscence of a cataract surgery wound was conducted. A complete ophthalmic evaluation was performed in all patients. Statistical analysis was done to identify factors associated with the best corrected visual acuity at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: Patients had extracapsular cataract extraction (n = 29), intracapsular cataract extraction (n = 4), or lensectomy (n = 4). No patient had phacoemulsification via a small incision. A univariate analysis showed that factors associated with a worse visual outcome included the presence at presentation of hyphema (P = .05), intraocular lens dislocation or loss (P = .006), vitreous hemorrhage (P = .0002), scleral rupture (P = .001), a long interval from surgery to trauma (P < .0001), and fall as the cause of trauma (P < .0001). In a multivariate model, only a surgery-to-trauma interval longer than 8 weeks was associated with a worse visual outcome (P < .0001). Visual acuity immediately after trauma was a poor predictor of final visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Visual outcome after traumatic wound dehiscence of a cataract surgery wound was strongly associated with the interval from surgery to trauma. Other factors were less reliable predictors of visual outcome. Traumatic wound dehiscence only moderately affected visual outcome after cataract surgery in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Asymmetric motion visually evoked potentials in infantile strabismus are not an artifact of latent nystagmus.

BACKGROUND: Patients who have infantile strabismus exhibit a directional asymmetry of motion visually evoked potentials (MVEPs) recorded under conditions of monocular viewing. The majority of these patients also have latent nystagmus, raising the possibility that the MVEP asymmetry is an artifact of the nystagmus. To explore this issue, we correlated MVEPs and eye movements under conditions that eliminated or increased latent nystagmus. METHODS: MVEPs and eye movements were recorded under conditions of monocular viewing in three adults who had combined infantile-onset strabismus and latent nystagmus. The subjects viewed vertically oriented grating stimuli that oscillated horizontally at temporal frequencies of 6.6 to 11.0 Hz by use of spatial frequencies of 1 to 3 cycles/degree. Quantitative eye movement recordings of latent nystagmus and horizontal pursuit/optokinetic nystagmus were also obtained. RESULTS: Eye movement recordings showed that the latent nystagmus was absent or markedly diminished when the viewing eye was in a 45-degree adducted position, whereas nystagmus velocity increased 10 to 40 times (to 2.2 to 4.5 degrees/second) when the viewing eye was in an abducted position (p < 0.05). MVEPs were abnormal (asymmetry indices > 0.40) when the viewing eye was in an adducted or abducted position of gaze. No correlation was found between the MVEP asymmetry index and the velocity of latent nystagmus. CONCLUSIONS: MVEP asymmetries in infantile strabismus remain robust under conditions that eliminate or greatly reduce the oscillations of latent nystagmus. MVEP asymmetries and ocular motor abnormalities both characterize infantile strabismus, but the ocular motor defects do not cause the MVEP asymmetries. The nasotemporal asymmetry of MVEPs and the nasotemporal asymmetry of pursuit and latent nystagmus are likely caused by deficits in related but separate binocular visual cortical circuits.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Variants of congenital ocular motor apraxia: associations with hydrocephalus, pontocerebellar tumor, and a deficit of vertical saccades.

BACKGROUND: Congenital ocular motor apraxia (COMA) is characterized by the inability to generate volitional horizontal saccadic eye movements in the absence of other focal neurologic abnormalities. SUBJECTS: We report on two children (ages 5 months and 3 years) whose COMA did not adhere to these classic criteria. The children were followed up clinically with serial ocular motor examinations and neuroimaging over a period of 3 years. RESULTS: In the first child horizontal COMA was associated initially with neonatal communicating hydrocephalus. Two and one half years after the first signs of COMA, a fourth ventricle medulloblastoma appeared. The second child, who recovered from a periventricular hemorrhage caused by perinatal asphyxia, manifested vertical COMA and compensatory vertical head thrusts. CONCLUSIONS: COMA may be associated with hydrocephalus, pontocerebellar tumor, and periventricular hemorrhage. These rare variants of COMA emphasize that the eye movement deficits may arise from several locations, cerebral as well as pontocerebellar, in the neuronal pathways generating saccades.

Apraxias↗
PubMed1995

Ocular distribution of the chimeric protein IL2-PE40.

A construct of IL-2 and pseudomonas exotoxin (PE40) has been genetically engineered. An aliquot of 100 microliter of the chimeric protein, radiolabelled with I125, was administered to healthy rats by various routes. At different intervals, ocular and non ocular tissues were removed and the levels of the radiolabelled chimeric protein IL-2-PE40 measured. Systemic administration of IL2-PE40 either intravenously (IV) or intraperitoneally (IP) leads to high levels of the drug in the blood, liver and spleen. Little or no radioactivity is observed within the ocular tissues using this route. On the other hand, local administration of the drug either as subtenon injection or as eye drops resulted in a very high concentration of the drug within the conjunctiva, cornea and sclera, with little radioactivity detected systemically. Subtenon injection induced a significant drug level within the optic nerve. With the drops, the chimeric protein was also detected, in low levels, intraocularly.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1995

Panuveal malignant mesenchymoma.

Intraocular malignant mesenchymal tumors are very rare, and only a few case reports of such primary and metastatic tumors have been reported. We report a case of a malignant mesenchymoma involving the entire uveal tract. A 21-year-old woman presented with a tumor on the whole iris of the right eye, which caused intractable glaucoma. Upon enucleation of the eye, a very anaplastic tumor was found to occupy the whole uveal tract; its features were compatible with a tumor of mesenchymal origin, including rhabdomyosarcomatous and liposarcomatous characteristics. Choroidal osteoma was a coincidental finding. The histologic findings of the tumor were of two types of malignant mesenchymal tumors, and therefore the diagnosis of malignant mesenchymoma was made. This is to our knowledge the first tumor of its kind to be reported intraocularly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Choroidal metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma treated by ruthenium-106 plaque irradiation.

Symptomatic dissemination of cutaneous malignant melanoma to the choroid occurs rarely and is a grave prognostic factor. Therefore, choroidal tumors are treated only as a palliative measure. We present a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma with symptomatic metastasis in the choroid OD of a 38-year-old woman. We treated it using brachytherapy with a ruthenium-106 plaque. The tumor totally regressed with restoration of good vision. Twelve months of follow-up showed no systemic spread.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Auditory brainstem evoked potentials in evaluating the central effects of middle ear effusion.

Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEP) were recorded to determine whether children who suffered in the past, or suffered at time of examination from Secretory otitis media (S.O.M.), exhibited slowed conduction along their auditory brainstem. Five groups of subjects were examined: children with active S.O.M. during the examination, children with S.O.M. in the past who were treated non-surgically and recovered, children with S.O.M. in the past who were treated surgically and recovered, children who were treated by insertion of ventilating tubes (V.T.), and had S.O.M. during the examination (recurrent S.O.M.), and a control group of neurologically and audiologically normal, age-matched children with no history of S.O.M. 205 ears were tested in all. Each of the groups was subdivided according to the severity of hearing loss, duration and type of treatment. These parameters were evaluated within and between groups, and in relation to the control group. Significant increases of interpeak latency differences (IPLD) between peaks V and III as well as V to I were found in the S.O.M. groups compared to the control group. The duration of the disease was found to be the dominant factor slowing central conduction. These findings confirm the suggestion that attenuation in auditory stimulation at an early age affects central conduction.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1986

Auditory brainstem evoked potentials in evaluating the efficacy of surgical ventilation of the middle ear.

Conductive hearing loss in children is most commonly associated with Secretory otitis media (S.O.M.). Since auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEP) reflect conductive damage in prolonged peak latencies, the present study evaluated the efficacy of surgery for ventilating the middle ear, by comparing changes in peak latencies. These changes were compared in 4 groups of children (4-12 years old): children with S.O.M. in the past, who recovered as a result of conservative treatment; children with S.O.M. in the past, who had been operated on with insertion of ventilation tubes (V.T.); children with S.O.M. in the past, who had been operated on and who still had V.T. at the time of study, and a control group with healthy ears. In all, 183 ears were tested. The results indicate that there is no significant audiometric and electrophysiological difference between the groups who recovered with or without V.T.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Necrotizing choroiditis-retinitis as presenting symptom of disseminated aspergillosis after lung transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Aspergillus is rare affecting the severely immunosuppressed population, in particular recipients of heart and lung transplants. Ocular involvement of aspergillosis has always been observed late in the course of the disease. SUBJECT: A young woman noted blurred vision in one eye three weeks after lung transplantation. At this stage, no systemic manifestations of fungal infection were detected and the ocular findings were attributed to viral infection. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after the original ocular complaint, an aggressive endophthalmitis developed in the left eye. The possibility of fungal endophthalmitis was raised. Within 48 hours of her first ocular complaint the patient died. Cultures from a vitreous tap and from autopsy ocular specimens were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus endopthalmitis may occur in patients undergoing lung transplantation despite antifungal therapy. Increased awareness of this unusual entity may be life and vision saving in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular and orbital complications following the treatment of retinoblastoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate the ocular and orbital complications observed in children treated for retinoblastoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 73 children (39 boys, 34 girls) suffering from retinoblastoma. Thirty-six had bilateral tumor and 37 unilateral disease for a total of 109 eyes affected. The follow-up was 6-180 months (median 36 months). Enucleation was the most common initial treatment approach in the unilateral group, and radiotherapy (by external beam) was the most common initial therapy in the bilateral group. Cryotherapy, photocoagulation, brachytherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy were used as adjuvant treatments when necessary. Ocular complications were recorded at the follow-up examinations. RESULTS: Cataract developed in 20% of the irradiated eyes. The mean time from irradiation until development of cataract was 28.5 months (6-64 months). Radiation retinopathy developed in 12% and was first detected 11-72 months (mean 37 months) after irradiation therapy. Mild transient keratopathy was observed in all eyes undergoing irradiation, and xerophthalmia in one eye. Complications after enucleation included: marked discharge from the socket (11.0%), extrusion of the implant (9.6%), and contraction of the socket (3.0%). No complications were observed after cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular complications after treating children with retinoblastoma are common and may seriously affect the quality of life of children surviving the primary malignancy.

Brachytherapy↗