Biomedical subjects

I Araki

Publications and source records attributed to I Araki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Effect of M1 blocker or H2 blocker on gastric secretion during anesthesia and surgery].

Effect of pirenzepine, famotidine or a combination of both agents on gastric secretion during anesthesia and surgery was evaluated in 42 surgical patients ranged in age from 17 y to 70 y. They underwent orthopedic, ophthalmic, ENT, plastic, oral or non-abdominal surgery under either neuroleptanesthesia or enflurane anesthesia. They received either pirenzepine 10 mg, famotidine 20 mg or the combination of both agents intravenously just before the induction of anesthesia. Volume and acidity of gastric juice were measured during 3 hours after the administration of these agents. A continued decrease in volume and acidity of gastric juice was observed 3 hrs after the administration of the agents both in the pirenzepine group and in the famotidine group. Efficacy of the combination of pirenzepine and famotidine on gastric secretion tended to be more prominent than that of either pirenzepine or famotidine alone.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Expression of the chicken 'delta 2-crystallin' gene in mouse cells: evidence for encoding of argininosuccinate lyase.

In the chicken genome, downstream from the delta 1 gene, encoding delta-crystallin, a highly homologous gene called delta 2 is found, but neither its expression nor its function has been clarified. Close similarity of the delta 2 gene to mammalian argininosuccinate lyase (ASL)-encoding genes in organization and deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded protein suggested that this gene may encode chicken ASL. To test this possibility, we cloned the delta 2 gene on a plasmid, introduced it into mouse cells, and assessed expression and ASL activity in comparison with delta 1. We found that delta 2 was expressed well in fibroblastic L cells, which resulted in synthesis of a protein with a size (50 kDa) and antigenicity very close to delta-crystallin, but it was repressed in lens cells in which expression of delta 1 was activated. Transfectant L cell lines expressing delta 2 exhibited significantly higher ASL activity than those without. We conclude that the delta 2 gene codes for chicken ASL, but has a tissue specificity distinct from delta 1 in its expression.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Membrane currents recorded from sexually dimorphic motoneurones of the bulbocavernosus muscle in neonatal rats.

1. The electrophysiological properties were compared between sexually dimorphic motoneurones in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and those innervating hindlimb muscles by the whole-cell recording technique in thin slices of the neonatal rat spinal cord. 2. The mean duration of action potentials in SNB motoneurones was significantly longer than that in hindlimb motoneurones. 3. The spike duration of motoneurones was inversely related to the magnitude of transient K+ currents (IA), and in this relation, there was a continuous gradation between SNB and hindlimb motoneurones. 4. The mean duration of spike after-hyperpolarization (AHP) in female SNB motoneurones was significantly longer than that in male SNB motoneurones. 5. In both SNB and hindlimb motoneurones, sustained, Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents (IAHP) appear to be responsible for the generation of AHP. When IAHP was recorded as a tail current following an identical depolarizing pulse, the magnitude and time course of IAHP were relatively uniform, regardless of the type of motoneurone. 6. In both SNB and hindlimb motoneurones, voltage-gated Ca2+ currents showed an initial transient phase followed by a sustained phase. The mean magnitude of sustained Ca2+ currents was larger in female SNB motoneurones than in male SNB motoneurones, whereas the mean magnitude of transient Ca2+ currents showed no significant different between male and female SNB motoneurones. 7. It is concluded that SNB and hindlimb motoneurones cannot be classified into two distinct neurone types in terms of their electrophysiological properties. 8. It is suggested that the predominant occurrence of natural cell death in female SNB motoneurones during early development may be due in part to high densities of sustained Ca2+ channels in these neurones.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--12. Effects on plasma complement and immunoglobulin concentrations].

Complements and immunoglobulins in the plasma are the important humoral factors to maintain immunity. As there is no study on immune response to total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine (DFK), twelve patients who underwent abdominal, neck dissection, or plastic surgery were studied to determine plasma concentrations of complements and immunoglobulins. In five patients of isoflurane group, anesthesia was induced with intravenous thiopental 5 mg.kg-1 and succinylcholine 0.8-1 mg.kg-1 and maintained with 1-2% isoflurane in nitrous oxide (50%) and oxygen (50%). The remaining seven patients of the DFK group received intravenous droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1, fentanyl 1-2 micrograms.kg-1, ketamine 1-1.5 mg.kg-1 and succinylcholine 0.8-1 mg.kg-1 for the induction of anesthesia, and then they were given a total dose of fentanyl 5-15 micrograms.kg-1, ketamine 2 mg.kg-1.hr-1 and oxygen (30%) for the maintenance of anesthesia. Vecuronium was given intravenously as needed. Lactated Ringer's solution was used for intraoperative fluid replacement. A total of 40 ml of arterial blood was drawn on four occasions, just before the induction of anesthesia, at the recovery from anesthesia, on the third and tenth post-operative days. Plasma concentrations of complements (C3.C4) and immunoglobulins (IgG.IgA.IgM.IgD) were measured by immuno-turbidimetry. C3 concentrations in the plasma decreased significantly when the patients recovered from anesthesia, but they increased significantly on the third and tenth post-operative days in the isoflurane group. In the DFK group, they increased significantly on the tenth post-operative day only. No significant difference in the C3 concentrations was detected between two groups at any time of measurement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--7. Effects on natural killer cell activity].

Twenty four patients who underwent ophthalmic surgery were studied to evaluate activities of natural killer (NK) cells during and following total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine. They were divided into three equal groups according to anesthetic methods employed. In enflurane group, anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg.kg-1 and succinylcholine 1 mg.kg-1, and maintained with 1-2% enflurane, nitrous oxide (50%) and oxygen (50%). In original NLA group, anesthesia was induced as above and maintained with droperidol 0.15 mg.kg-1, fentanyl 5-10 micrograms.kg-1, nitrous oxide (70%) and oxygen (30%). The patients of total intravenous anesthesia group received droperidol 0.15 mg.kg-1, ketamine 2 mg.kg-1 and succinyl-choline 1 mg.kg-1 for induction of anesthesia, and then were given fentanyl 5-15 micrograms.kg-1, ketamine 2 mg.kg-1.hr-1 and oxygen (30%) for the maintenance of anesthesia. Vecuronium was given to every patient of the three groups for intraoperative muscle relaxation. Hartmann's solution was used at a speed of 5 ml.kg-1.hr-1. Peripheral venous blood 10 ml was drawn on six occasions during and after the surgery for the measurement of NK cell activities and endocrine response as judged by plasma catecholamine and cortisol levels. NK cell activities decreased significantly on the first post-operative day in enflurane group, but no significant differences were found among three groups in NK cell activities. The data suggest that inhaled anesthetics should not be easily employed for patients with depressed immune response, malignant disease and prolonged surgery.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗

PubMed1991

Target-dependent hormonal control of neuron size in the rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus.

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) in the rat is a cluster of sexually dimorphic motoneurons that innervate perineal muscles. In adult male rats, the size of SNB neurons is reduced following castration, and this effect is reversed by treatment with testosterone. However, androgen receptors are present in the perineal muscles as well as in SNB neurons. Therefore, it is not clear whether the neuronal size is regulated by direct action of the hormone on SNB neurons or by a target-derived factor that may be controlled via hormonal action on the innervated muscle. To address this question, the peripheral (pudendal) nerve of SNB neurons on one side was cut and united to the grafted soleus muscle, which lacks androgen sensitivity. On the control side, the pudendal nerve was similarly cut but was allowed to reinnervate the perineal muscles. The size of SNB neurons was measured on both sides after a postoperative period of 10 weeks, during which the animal had been castrated or treated with testosterone after castration. The size of SNB neurons that had reinnervated perineal muscles was reduced following castration and enlarged by testosterone treatment. In contrast, the size of SNB neurons that had innervated the soleus muscle remained unaltered in response to testosterone manipulation. It is concluded that hormonal regulation of the size of SNB neurons in adult rats is mediated by their target muscles.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--5. An anesthetic experience of a pediatric patient with severe epilepsy].

A 6-year-old girl with severe epilepsy received an orthopedic surgery of the right hand under new total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine. For the induction of anesthesia, droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1, fentanyl 5.0 micrograms.kg-1 and ketamine 2.0 mg.kg-1 was administered intravenously. She was intubated and ventilated manually throughout the operative procedure to maintain the end tidal CO2 between 4.5 and 5.5%. For the maintenance of anesthesia, ketamine was given continuously at a rate of 2.0 mg.kg-1.hr-1. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was obtained with vecuronium bromide. The patient recovered from anesthesia uneventfully. The total doses of droperidol, fentanyl, ketamine and vecuronium were 8.75 mg, 1.0 mg, 210 mg and 7.5 mg, respectively. Neither epileptic seizure, nor any other adverse effects with anesthetics was observed during and after anesthesia and surgery. We conclude that this method of anesthesia for epileptic patients may deserve further detailed study.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine--6. Effects on postoperative liver function].

We have developed a new method of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine, and have administered it to more than 700 surgical patients. We studied whether this method of anesthesia would influence postoperative liver function or not. A total of sixty elective surgical patients were the subjects of this study. Thirty patients underwent total hysterectomy under either the total intravenous anesthesia (15 patients) or modified neurolept-anesthesia with pentazocine (15 patients). The remaining 30 patients underwent gastrectomy under either this total intravenous anesthesia (15 patients) or enflurane-N2O anesthesia (15 patients). The hepatic function was evaluated as judged by s-GOT, s-GPT, ALP, gamma-GPT and total bilirubin levels, before anesthesia and during the first to third postoperative day. The patients for gastrectomy under enflurane-N2O anesthesia had significantly increased postoperative gamma-GPT levels compared with the patients of total intravenous anesthesia. Any other variables showed no significant difference among groups. We consider that this method of total intravenous anesthesia has no adverse effects on postoperative liver function as compared with other usual anesthetic methods.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗

PubMed1990

A mouse embryonic stem cell line showing pluripotency of differentiation in early embryos and ubiquitous beta-galactosidase expression.

For analysis of chimeric mice made by injecting embryonic stem (ES) cells into host blastocysts, it is very desirable if the ES cells have a good cell marker that can distinguish them from host cells. It is ideal if the marker can be easily visualized in every type of cell and tissue throughout the embryogenesis. We tried to produce such ES cell lines by introducing an E. coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene construct by electroporation. One of the transformant lines (MS1-EL4) showed beta-gal activity in every undifferentiated stem cell. After being induced to differentiate in vitro, cells with various morphologies showed beta-gal activity. We also detected beta-gal activity in a wide variety of tissue elements in solid tumors made by injecting the MS1-EL4 cells into syngeneic mice. Then we produced chimeric embryos by injecting the MS1-EL4 cells into blastocysts and recovering the embryos at various developmental stages. We found that the MS1-EL4 cells contributed to various tissues and expressed beta-gal activity, including not only descendants of the inner cell mass but also the trophectoderm-derived extraembryonic ectoderm.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[A resected case of hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated by hepatic artery embolization and systemic chemotherapy].

A 64-year-old male complaining of abdominal fullness was admitted to hospital for close examination. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed by various imaging techniques and the patient was treated by 3 transarterial embolizations and 2 courses of systemic chemotherapy with CDDP. The tumor was reduced and the effect was judged to be a partial response to these therapies. By resection, a residual mass had histologically no live cancer cells. This case was considered to have had a complete response with multidisciplinary treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1989