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I Arnala

Publications and source records attributed to I Arnala.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Short term clodronate treatment does not increase trabecular bone in posttraumatic osteopenia.

The paper describes the results of two experiments on clodronate treatment on bone metabolism in growing rabbits: 1. the serum and bone concentrations of the drug, and 2. the effects of 18 week clodronate treatment on quantitative histomorphometry of trabecular bone. The results indicated a rapid and high affinity of clodronate to bone after subcutaneous administration. Plate fixation of the tibia without a fracture or any operation on the femur induced a 25% decrease in bone volume per total volume in the femoral condyles. The osteopenic response resulted probably from operative trauma. Clodronate treatment for three months could not inhibit this decrease. The increase in calcium content in bone by the drug treatment (observed in diaphyseal bones in earlier studies) could not be verified on histology of trabecular bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Clodronate increases bone mineral density in young growing oophorectomized beagles.

Nineteen beagles (8.8 +/- 0.1 months, 8.5 +/- 0.2 kg, mean +/- SEM) were oophorectomized (OX) at the beginning of the study. The dogs were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (OX, n = 5), OX+clodronate 20 mg/kg orally group (OX + 20, n = 7) and OX+clodronate 40 mg/kg orally group (OX + 40, n = 7). Clodronate administration began the day following oophorectomy and was continued for eight months. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and at four and eight months and by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at baseline and at eight months. Bone biopsies were taken at the beginning and at the end of the study. The change in BMD (g/cm2) during eight months was +2.0% (NS) in OX, +2.3% (NS) in OX + 20 and +10.0% (P < 0.01) in OX + 40 group when measured by DEXA, QCT revealed the same results but in a lesser extent. There were no differences in static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters between the groups at the end of the study. In conclusion, clodronate at a dose 40 mg/kg/day orally increases BMD in young oophorectomized dogs.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

Clodronate prevents immobilization osteopenia in rats.

We investigated the effect of clodronate on immobilization osteopenia (IO) induced by sciatic neurectomy in rats. 100 Wistar female rats were divided into 5 groups of 20 animals each: 1) sham-operated, control group, 2) IO+saline control group, 3) IO+clodronate 3 mg/kg/day, 4) IO+clodronate 10 mg/kg/day, and 5) IO+clodronate 30 mg/kg/day. Clodronate was administered subcutaneously beginning on the day after nerve sectioning. After 7 weeks, the animals were killed and both tibiae were removed. Bone mineral density, ash weight and calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents of the ash of the tibiae were analyzed. The weight of the rats did not differ between the groups during the experiment. The ash weight of the tibiae decreased by 6.6 percent and the mineral density decreased by 5.1 percent after neurectomy. Clodronate reduced IO in a dose-dependent manner and the highest dose neutralized the effect of neurectomy. The calcium content of the ash decreased after neurectomy as compared to the sham-operated group, and clodronate increased it to the sham-operated level. The bone Ca/P ratio remained normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Histomorphometry of periarticular bone in rheumatoid arthritis.

Periarticular osteoporosis is a common feature of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cellular basis and the aetiology of periarticular bone loss have not been established. We studied periarticular bone samples obtained from metatarsal resections (n = 18) and total knee arthroplasties (n = 9) by histomorphometry. Autopsy material (n = 10) and patients with osteoarthrosis (n = 11) served as controls. Histomorphometrically, there was reduced trabecular bone volume and increased resorption surfaces in rheumatoid arthritis patients in most of the measured areas. The indices of bone turnover were most markedly increased in the vicinity of inflammatory cells and rheumatoid granulation tissue. Trabecular bone volume and the degree of inflammation as measured by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a negative correlation. In addition, an elevated ESR was associated with increased osteoid parameters in periarticular bone. We conclude that periarticular bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis is due to increased bone resorption. Local inflammatory mediators might account for the increased bone turnover.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of calcitonin on bone histomorphometry and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis.

Twenty-four women (mean age +/- SD 49 +/- 13 years) with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (disease duration 15 +/- 8 years) were treated with synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT) nasal spray 200 IU three times a week for 3 months. Bone biopsies from the iliac crest were taken before and after SCT treatment. Histomorphometrical quantification of undecalcified bone sections was made using the manual point-counting method. SCT decreased the resorption surface of trabecular bone (ES/BS) significantly (P less than 0.001). There was also a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) after 3 months of treatment, whereas no statistically significant changes were found in osteoid parameters. There were no significant changes in biochemical analyses of bone metabolism. We conclude that SCT might be useful in the prevention of bone loss in RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Use of histological methods in studies of osteoporosis.

The diagnosis of osteoporosis is usually based on using noninvasive methods. However, often bone histomorphometry is needed for the exclusion of other metabolic bone diseases and the evaluation of cellular mechanisms of osteoporosis. A combination of determination of serum biochemical parameters, measurement of bone mineral density, and quantitative dynamic evaluation of bone histology is an ideal tool for the evaluation of a patient with osteoporosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.

Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children were studied in Kuopio University Central Hospital during 1974-1984. The total number of the fractures was 86. Fifty-two patients were examined 13 months to 11 years after the accident. Only severe cases (grade 3 and 4 after Holmberg's classification) were included. Twenty patients were treated operatively, 17 with traction and 15 conventionally with reposition and plaster cast. The age of the patients at the time of the accident was from 21 months to 12 years and at follow-up from five to 23 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate late results of these three methods. There was no statistical difference between the late results of the treatment groups. Regardless of treatment method careful reposition and controlling retention for both varus, flexion and extension and rotation deformities are essential for good end results.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1990

Five-year postoperative results of cemented femoral arthroplasty in patients with systemic bone disease.

To determine whether bone cellular abnormality affects the results of cemented femoral arthroplasty, 21 patients had biopsies of the iliac crest and femoral cortex at the time of surgery. Roentgenographic and histomorphometric studies were used to characterize fibrous membrane formation, cancellous bone, calcar resorption, and bone turnover. Patients with high bone turnover and decreased femoral thickness and density before surgery were at risk of developing calcar resorption and cancellous diaphyses, conditions that weaken proximal stem support and lead to early failure. These findings suggest that noncemented stems may be indicated in this group. Another group, osteoporotic patients, suffered from osteoblastic insufficiency, which may be the indication for the use of cemented stems rather than noncemented stems, which require bony ingrowth.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Blood flow, histomorphology and elemental composition of the canine femur after physical training or immobilization.

Effects of long-term physical training (treadmill running 4 km/day for 15 weeks) and immobilization (casting of the limb for 11 weeks) on the blood flow, bone marrow uptake of radio-colloid, histomorphology as well as elemental composition of the proximal canine femur were investigated. In the runners both bone marrow and mean bone perfusions measured with a 133Xe washout method were increased by 53.5% (P less than 0.05) and 54.1% (P less than 0.05), respectively, as compared with the age-matched controls. Bone marrow uptake of [99mTc]tincolloid and volumetric fractions of trabecular bone and bone marrow were not significantly altered after training or immobilization. The amount of zinc measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry was, however, significantly higher (P less than 0.01) after immobilization as compared with the controls. Consequently, long-term physical training is suggested to stimulate bone metabolism by enhancing its blood perfusion even in the resting state, whereas the increase of zinc content was considered to be linked to the obvious bone resorption caused by immobilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Values of noninvasive techniques in predicting bone histology.

These studies investigate the predictive value of the newer, noninvasive techniques (i.e. CT scans, measurement of bone mineral density by photon absorptiometry, and recent serum biochemical tests such as bone Gla-protein and specific bone alkaline phosphatase) by comparing these results to those of histomorphometry after bone biopsy. Results reveal interesting correlations and lack of correlations between bone parameters and biochemical measurements and indicate that bone biopsies along with newer noninvasive techniques represent the optimal approach to patients with metabolic bone diseases.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1986

Hip fracture incidence not affected by fluoridation. Osteofluorosis studied in Finland.

Iliac crest biopsies were taken from patients with hip fracture from a low-fluoride area (less than 0.3 ppm), from an area with fluoridated drinking water (1.0-1.2 ppm), and from a high-fluoride area (greater than 1.5 ppm). Fluoride content analysis and histomorphometry of bone were performed. The hip fracture incidence during 1972-1981 was studied in the same areas. The fluoride content of the bone samples correlated with drinking water fluoride. In patients with hip fracture, both osteomalacia and osteoporosis were common. In the high-fluoride area also osteofluorosis was found in many patients. Osteofluorosis may occur if the fluoride content of trabecular bone exceeds 4,000 ppm and either the volumetric density of osteoid or the osteoid-covered trabecular bone surface is abnormally increased. There was no difference in incidence of hip fracture in the three areas.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effects of fluoride on bone in Finland. Histomorphometry of cadaver bone from low and high fluoride areas.

In three different areas of Finland, fluoride in bone and its effect on the histomorphometry of trabecular bone was studied. Bone samples were taken from cadavers from a low-fluoride area (fluoride concentration under 0.3 ppm), an area with fluoridated drinking water (1.0-1.2 ppm) and a high-fluoride area (over 1.5 ppm). The fluoride content in trabecular bone was greatly increased in the high-fluoride area, and it was also higher in the fluoridated-water area than in the low-fluoride area. Histomorphometric bone changes were markedly increased when the fluoride content in water exceeded 1.5 ppm.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A double-blind comparison of two glibenclamide preparations, HB 419 and HB 420, in maturity-onset (type 2) diabetic patients.

A double-blind cross-over study was performed to compare the efficacy in maturity-onset (type 2) diabetes of two glibenclamide preparations, HB 419, currently in general use, and HB 420, a new product with more complete absorption. Nineteen diabetic outpatients participated in the study. Seventeen completed the trial. Before the trial, fasting blood glucose levels in all patients were over 7.0 mmol/l, relative body weights were below 130% and daily glibenclamide doses ranged from 10 to 15 mg. The study was made up of two periods, each lasting for two months. The trial dosage of HB 419 was 5 mg twice a day and of HB 420 3.5 mg twice a day. Fasting blood glucose levels, diurnal glucose excretion, glycohaemoglobin A1 (GHbA1) levels, body weight and blood pressure levels were determined. The mean (+/- SEM) fasting blood glucose concentration was 11.5 +/- 0.6 mmol/l at the end of the baseline period. After one month of treatment, the mean fasting blood glucose level was 11.4 +/- 0.6 mmol/l in patients on HB 419 and 12.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/l in patients on HB 420 (p less than 0.01) but at the end of the two treatment periods the mean fasting blood glucose value was the same (11.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) for both glibenclamide preparations. No significant differences were found in GHbA1 values, diurnal glucose excretion, body weight or blood pressure levels between the treatment regimens.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Histomorphometric normal values of the iliac crest cancellous bone in a Finnish autopsy series.

A histomorphometric analysis of the iliac crest cancellous bone from 85 cadavers of different ages was performed to obtain normal values for the trabecular bone. The cadavers had not had any medication or disease that could disturb bone mineral metabolism. The bone specimens were embedded in methyl methacrylate and the histomorphometric values analysed from five micron thick bone sections. The density of trabecular bone diminished significantly with age in women and men. The density of the osteoid and the extent of the osteoid seams did not change with age, nor was there any change in the extent of trabecular resorption surfaces with age.

Adult↗