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Biomedical subjects

I Aroch

Publications and source records attributed to I Aroch.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in six weimaraner puppies associated with systemic signs.

Six weimaraner puppies, five of which were genetically related, showed systemic signs associated with hypertrophic osteodystrophy, including fever and involvement of the gastrointestinal, respiratory or nervous systems, in addition to the metaphyseal lesions. In five of the dogs the clinical signs developed less than 10 days after they had been vaccinated with a modified live virus vaccine. Radiographic findings suggested that both the hindlimbs and forelimbs were equally involved in the disease process. Abnormal haematological findings included leucocytosis with neutrophilia and monocytosis, and there was a consistent increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Serum protein electrophoretic studies of three of the dogs revealed hypogammaglobulinaemia and abetaglobulinaemia in two of them. Conservative treatment with rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had little effect, and treatment with corticosteroids appeared to give the best results.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Retrospective study of the epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in 109 dogs poisoned by Vipera xanthina palestinae.

One hundred and nine dogs were diagnosed as having been poisoned by viper (Vipera xanthina palestinae) venom between 1989 and 1996. Most of the cases occurred between April and September (86.2 per cent), with peaks in May (25.7 per cent) and July (20.2 per cent), and very few between November and February (3.6 per cent). Forty-two per cent of the dogs were poisoned in the evening (18.00 to 22.00), with a relative risk of 6.85, 17.4 per cent between 22.00 and 02.00, and 16.5 per cent between 14.00 and 18.00. The median age of the dogs was three years, and almost 80 per cent of them were from rural households. German shepherd dogs and rottweilers were over-represented (relative risk 1.98 and 1.87 respectively), and mongrel dogs and pinschers were under-represented (relative risk 0.41 and 0.53 respectively). Fifty-six per cent of the bites were on the head (excluding the mouth, lips and pinnae), 16.5 per cent on the front limbs, 9.7 per cent on the mouth and lips, 8 per cent on the hindlimbs, 4.4 per cent were submandibular and 5.4 per cent were at other sites. The main clinical signs were local swelling (98.2 per cent) and oedema (94.5 per cent), panting (45.7 per cent), tachypnoea (42.5 per cent), pain (34.9 per cent), tachycardia (29.8 per cent), lameness (25.7 per cent), and lymphadenomegaly (23.9 per cent). The mortality rate was 3.7 per cent. The most common haematological abnormalities were neutrophilia (67.6 per cent), leucocytosis (54.9 per cent), thrombocytopenia (51.9 per cent), increased haematocrit (47.6 per cent), and a left shift of neutrophils (37.8 per cent). Many biochemical abnormalities were observed, of which the most common were high activities of lactate dehydrogenase (84.6 per cent), creatine kinase (69 per cent), gamma-glutamyltransferase (40 per cent) and aspartate aminotransferase and high concentrations of globulin, phosphate and total bilirubin (33.3 per cent in each case).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Investigation of splenic functions in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.

In order to determine the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), the effect of splenectomy on the course of the acute phase of experimental was investigated. Intact and splenectomized dogs, sero-negative for Ehrlichia canis antibodies, were infected with the Israeli strain of E. canis. Serology, clinical signs and haematological parameters were recorded prior to infection, and over a period of 60 days post infection, and were compared between the intact and the splenectomized dogs. All dogs seroconverted for IFA E. canis antibodies by days 10 to 17 post infection. There did not appear to be any difference in the day of appearance or in the titer of anti-E. canis IgG antibodies, between the splenectomized and intact groups throughout the course of the study. During the acute stage, food consumption (percentage change) was significantly lower in the intact group compared to the splenectomized group (-66.3% and -25.3%, respectively, p < 0.0001). During this period, significant higher body temperatures were measured in the intact group (average of 39.76 degrees C vs. 38.96 degrees C, p < 0.0001). The haematocrit, red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentrations and platelet counts were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the intact group when compared to the splenectomized group during the whole course of the study. The clinical and the haematological findings in our study suggest that the disease process was milder in the splenectomized dogs compared to the intact dogs. The results of this study suggest that the spleen plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CME. Splenic inflammatory mediators and/or other splenic substances, are proposed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Our results further substantiate the involvement of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CME.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Hepatozoon species infection in domestic cats: a retrospective study.

Hepatozoon sp. is a protozoan parasite of peripheral blood neutrophils in cats. Feline hepatozoonosis has been reported infrequently and little is known about the pathogenesis of this infection. In order to further clarify clinicopathological characteristics of hepatozoonosis in domestic cats, a retrospecitve study of hepatozoonosis in cats admitted during 1989-1995 to the Hebrew University School of Veterinary Medicine was conducted. The study population comprised all the cats whose medical records included a complete blood count with a microscopical examination of a blood smear during this 7-year period (n=1229). Hepatozoon gametocytes were identified in seven cats (0.57%) ranging from 1 to 6 years of age. Infected cats were mostly males (6/7) of mixed breed (5/7) with a variety of complaints and clinical signs. The clinicopathological findings included increased activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (5/6) and creatine kinase (CK) (5/6). The elevated enzymes detected in cats with hepatozoonosis are suggestive of muscular damage. Sixty-seven percent (4/6) of the cats with hepatozoonosis which were tested for a retroviral disease were found infected either in FIV or FELV. In addition, 2/7 cats were co-infected with Hemobartonella felis. In conclusion, parasitemia with Hepatozoon sp. is a rare finding in cats from Israel. The over-representation of cats with a retroviral disease among the cats with hepatozoonosis indicates a possible association between immunosupression and the development of Hepatozoon infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Paresis and unusual electrocardiographic signs in a severely hypomagnesaemic, hypocalcaemic lactating bitch.

A severely hypocalcaemic, hypomagnesaemic lactating bitch exhibited clinical signs of pulmonary oedema, paresis, dementia, gastrointestinal ileus and urinary bladder atony. The total calcium, ionised calcium and magnesium levels were extremely low. The clinical picture was very different from the one typically encountered in canine lactation tetany, and instead resembled bovine postparturient paresis. Muscle tremors, rigidity and seizures were not part of the acute clinical picture, but rather atony, weakness and paresis. General muscle dysfunction probably resulted from the extremely low ionised calcium levels in combination with very low levels of magnesium and possibly potassium. Heart failure and atony of the urinary bladder and intestines were probably a result of the severe hypocalcaemia. The alteration in calcium to magnesium ratio may have depressed neuromuscular transmission, leading to paresis and atony. The unusual electrocardiogram possibly also resulted from abnormal magnesium and calcium cation levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Clinical manifestations of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia.

This paper describes five naturally occurring clinical cases of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia that were the first serologically confirmed cases of Ehrlichia platys infection in Israel. In the USA this disease is considered subclinical, but the dogs in this study developed distinct clinical abnormalities. The signs observed by the owners included anorexia, lethargy, depression, weight loss and a mucopurulent nasal discharge. The principal findings on physical examination included lymphadenomegaly, pale mucous membranes, fever and the presence of ticks. The main abnormal haematological and biochemical findings included thrombocytopenia, the presence of giant platelets, low haematocrit, monocytosis and low albumin concentrations. All five dogs were less than two years of age, and four were purebred dogs, suggesting that these two factors may be associated with increased risk to infection and clinical disease. Two of the dogs were seropositive to E canis, a finding which is compatible with other reports, and which confirms that combined infections of E platys and E canis are common; it also suggests that E canis infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of E platys. The distinct clinical manifestation of the disease in these five dogs suggests that there may be a different, more virulent strain of E platys in Israel.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hepatozoon canis infection in a litter of Dalmatian dogs.

Infection with Hepatozoon canis is described in a litter of seven Dalmatians. Four littermates were presented with concurrent hepatozoonosis and parvoviral enteritis and the remaining three puppies were parasitemic with H. canis with no other concurrent disease. Parasitemia ranged between 3% and 67% of the blood neutrophils. The mean number of parasitized neutrophils per microliter among littermates with concurrent hepatozoonosis and parvoviral enteritis was 1139 (+/-447 SD) on the day of admission, compared with 470 (+/-379) among littermates with hepatozoonosis only. Puppies with hepatozoonosis and parvovirus infection at admission differed significantly in their degree of H. canis parasitemia from their littermates which were not infected with parvovirus (P = 0.0286). Concurrent parvoviral enteritis and hepatozoonosis in the dog are reported here for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Functional intestinal hypomotility in association with neuronal damage in a dog.

A young, crossbred dog with a 13-month history of progressively worsening, recurrent episodes of vomiting, anorexia, depression and dehydration was diagnosed as having a functional hypomotility disorder of the small intestines. During hospitalisation, the dog's condition improved only when total parenteral nutrition was administered. When fed orally, the dog developed severe gastric dilatation. Intestinal motility was minimal, but was induced by neostigmine. Post mortem findings included dilatation of the duodenum and progressive narrowing of the small bowel up to the ileum. Histopathology revealed various grades of neuronal degeneration and necrosis of the myenteric plexuses throughout the small intestine. Microscopic changes resembled those reported in dysautonomia, but were limited to small intestinal myenteric plexuses. A localised congenital neuronal defect causing a lack of parasympathetic tone is suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Haematological, ocular and skeletal abnormalities in a samoyed family.

Haematological, ocular and skeletal abnormalities were documented in a samoyed male and its five offspring. Haematological abnormalities, found in repeated tests in all the dogs, included marked eosinophilia, eosinophilic bands and absence of Barr bodies. Two of the dogs had bilateral buphthalmia, retinal detachments and other ocular abnormalities. Three of the dogs had skeletal abnormalities including chondrodysplasia (dwarfism) and brachygnathia (undershot jaw). A similar combination of inherited skeletal and ocular disorders, without the haematological abnormalities, has been described in samoyeds. Acquired causes for the haematological findings, which are similar to the inherited Pelger-Huët anomaly described in several species, have been eliminated. Eosinophilic bands and scarcity of Barr bodies could be a marker, or a previously unreported manifestation, of an inherited disorder in samoyeds.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacokinetics, intramuscular bio-availability, and bioequivalence of amoxycillin in donkeys.

The disposition kinetics of intravenously (i.v.) administered amoxycillin sodium (10 mg/kg) was determined in four adult donkeys. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 47.3 +/- 5.1 min, the apparent volume of distribution (Varea) of 0.325 +/- 0.093 l/kg and the total body clearance (ClB) of 4.76 +/- 1.33 ml/min.kg were very close to the corresponding values reported for the horse injected i.v. with amoxycillin sodium. It was evident that because of the rapid rate of drug elimination, limited distribution volume, and high clearance values, the i.v. injected amoxycillin sodium (10-20 mg/kg) was likely to result in potentially therapeutic tissue concentrations for a short time (2-3 h) only. Three formulations of 15% amoxycillin trihydrate suspension in oil were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) to each donkey at 10 mg/kg. Drug absorption was rapid and the elimination half-life (t1/2el) ranged between 6 and 10 h. Mean peak serum amoxycillin concentrations (Cmax) were, however, rather low (0.81-1.68 micrograms/ml) and the i.m. bioavailability was 25.8-45.1% for the different formulations. Although the three formulations were considered to be intramuscularly bio-equivalent and appeared to be well tolerated, it was estimated that multiple SID (once daily) treatments at 10-20 mg/kg could result in tissue concentrations of potential therapeutic value for the treatment of infections caused by very susceptible pathogens only.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1995

Clinical pharmacologic aspects of cefixime in dogs.

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefixime, a new third-generation orally administered caphalosporin, was determined for reference and clinical isolates from dogs. The MIC of the drug for all but 1 of the 18 Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested, 1 Pasteurella canis, 1 Rhodococcus equi, 1 Streptococcus canis, and 1 Streptococcus group G isolate, was less than 1.0 microgram/ml. The MIC for 9 Staphylococcus intermedius isolates ranged from 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml and, for 8 Sta aureus isolates, the MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 micrograms/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces sp, and a single Bordetella bronchiseptica isolate were considered resistant to cefixime. Cefixime was administered orally in 2 phases at a standard dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight to clinically normal adult male and female dogs. In the first phase, the drug was given once as a capsule and once as a suspension. In the second phase, it was administered once per day for 6 consecutive days in capsule form. Serum drug concentration was determined by use of a microbiological assay, and the following kinetic values were estimated for each dog: area under the concentration-time curve, peak serum drug concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax, absorption half-life, and elimination half-life (t1/2el). The kinetic profile of the drug in serum after oral administration of a single dose of cefixime was similar, with mean Cmax values of 3.36 and 4.76 micrograms/ml after treatment with the capsule and suspension, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗