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Biomedical subjects

I Azuma

Publications and source records attributed to I Azuma.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of muramyl dipeptide and its stearoyl derivatives on resistance to Sendai virus infection in mice.

The efficacy of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), 6-O-stearoyl-MDP (L18-MDP), N alpha-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys-L18) and N-stearoylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (2N-L18-MDP) for augmenting host-resistance to viral infection was examined in Sendai virus infected mice. L18-MDP and MDP-Lys-L18 augmented the non-specific host-resistance to infection with Sendai virus. MDP showed a slight enhancement of host-resistance to this infection but 2N-L18-MDP was ineffective. The protective effect of MDP-Lys-L18 was seen only when the drug was administered a few days before the virus challenge. The intranasal administration of MDP-Lys-L18 was effective at 1 microgram but only slight activity was observed in mice treated intravenously or intraperitoneally even at the 100 microgram dose level. MDP-Lys-L18 treatment preceding infection augmented interferon production in the lung of the mice but MDP-Lys-L18 treatment alone induced no interferon.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1985

Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives in mice and guinea-pigs.

Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives was examined in guinea-pigs and mice. Among derivatives of chitin tested, 30 and 70% deacetylated chitin (DAC-30 and DAC-70), were active as adjuvants for the circulating-antibody formation to bacterial alpha-amylase and for the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine. DAC-70 enhanced the helper T cell function, the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and the activity of natural killer cells in mice, however, it was inactive as mitogen. Other derivatives of chitin showed weaker or no adjuvant activity compared with DAC-70. Carboxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl and dihydroxypropyl-chitin showed weak mitogenic activities on normal spleen cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Structural study on teichoic acids of Listeria monocytogenes types 4a and 4d.

The chemical compositions of the cell walls obtained from 10 strains (serotypes 1a, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4e, 4f, 6, and 7) of Listeria monocytogenes were analyzed. These cell walls were shown to be mainly composed of peptidoglycan and ribitol teichoic acids. Considerable variations in the composition of neutral sugars were observed among these cell walls. Chemical and NMR analyses indicated that the teichoic acids from L. monocytogenes serotypes 4a and 4d are composed of the following repeating units: Formula: See Text.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1985

Structure of acidic polysaccharide from cell wall of Propionibacterium acnes strain C7.

The structure of polysaccharide prepared by lysozyme digestion from the cell wall of Propionibacterium acnes strain C7 was examined. The polysaccharide fraction was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, galactosamine, and diaminomannuronic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.3:1:2. By Smith degradation of the polysaccharide, diaminouronic acid-containing fractions were obtained, and the configuration of diaminouronic acid was identified as 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid [Man(NAc)2A] by means of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. The results of analyses involving methylation and partial acid hydrolysis led to the conclusion that the polysaccharide has the repeating unit----6)Gal(alpha 1----4)Man(NAc)2A(beta 1----6)Glc(alpha 1----4)Man(NAc)2A (beta 1----3)GalNAc(beta 1--. In addition, a portion of the galactose residues were substituted at C-4 by alpha 1----2 linked mannotriose.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed1985

Activation of mouse peritoneal adherent cells with N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives.

The effect of N-acyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide (N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) on the activation of peritoneal adherent cells (PAC) in vivo and on the stimulation of nonspecific host resistance against Escherichia coli infection was examined in comparison with the effect of 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide. N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives increased the release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by PAC from mice treated 1 day before upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, and their activities did not depend on the chain length or kinds of fatty acids introduced. The results obtained using N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide analogs indicated that the acyl moiety combined to muramic acid played a more important role in the ability of PAC to release H2O2 than did the peptide moiety. PAC from mice treated with N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide, N-(3-hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl) muramyl dipeptide, and 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide 1 day before, including 20 to 42% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, released large amount of H2O2, and most of the H2O2 released was due to the attribution of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The cytostatic activity of PAC from mice treated with these three compounds reached a maximum on day 3 after injection, and the cytolytic activity of PAC was induced by N-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide on day 3 and by 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide on day 1 after injection. In contrast to the above results, N-acyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives did not stimulate nonspecific host resistance against E. coli infection in mice when compared to 6-O-stearoyl muramyl dipeptide.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme immunoassay of teichoic acids from Listeria monocytogenes.

Amino groups were introduced into Listeria monocytogenes teichoic acids by reductive amination, and the product was coupled to biotin. Teichoic acids were assayed by their binding to specific antibody adsorbed to a solid phase, followed by detection of the antigen-antibody complex by horseradish peroxidase-avidin. Less than 20 ng of teichoic acid was detectable.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in postoperative lung cancer patients.

A randomly controlled study of chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy was performed in patients with operable lung cancer from November 1977 to June 1981. The immunotherapy consisted of an intrapleural instillation of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) followed by serial intradermal N-CWS. A total of 119 patients were entered into this trial. There were 64 evaluable patients in the control group and 52 evaluable patients in the N-CWS group. N-CWS treatment was effective in terms of prolongation of duration of remission for all operable patients. Although significant improvement in the survival rate was not observed in patients at Stages I and II (p less than 0.10), it was observed in the curative operation group (p less than 0.05). The mode of recurrence was classified as local recurrence and distant metastasis in the curative operation group. The rates of distant metastasis were 34.0 and 18.9%, respectively, in the control and the N-CWS groups. The rate of local recurrence was 14.9% in the control group; however, no local recurrence was observed in the N-CWS group. These results indicate the clinical effectiveness of the N-CWS treatment, especially in curatively resectable lung cancer. No serious side effect was observed during this trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Macrophage activation with pantethine and pantetheine-4'-phosphate.

Adjuvant activities of pantethine (PaSS) and pantetheine-4'-phosphate (PSH-4'-P) were investigated in mice. By the multiple intraperitoneal administration, both PaSS and PSH-4'-P activated the functions of mouse peritoneal adherent cells and splenic natural killer cells. PSH-4'-P was also effective for the activation of natural killer cells by single injection. In in vitro, PaSS induced interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion at a low concentration but PSH-4'-P did not. Both PaSS and PSH-4'-P could neither induce interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion, nor could enhance IL-2 secretion by Con A.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine on host resistance to Corynebacterium kutscheri infection in cortisone-treated mice.

Opportunistic corynebacteriosis was induced successfully by infection with Corynebacterium kutscheri in cortisone-treated mice and the ability of stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine derivatives in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution or encapsulated into liposomes for restoring impaired resistance was examined. 6-O-Stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (L18-MDP) in liposomes and N alpha-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys-L18) both in PBS solution and in liposomes were shown to restore depressed resistance to infection of C. kutscheri when injected intravenously before infection. Treatment with L18-MDP in cortisone-treated mice inhibited growth of C. kutscheri in the liver and kidney for as long as three days after infection.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

Immunological activity of chitin and its derivatives.

The effect of chitin and its derivatives on the activation of peritoneal macrophages in vivo, on the suppression of tumour growth in syngeneic mice and on the protection of the host against bacterial infection was examined. Thirty percent deacetylated chitin (30% DA-chitin), 70% DA-chitin and carboxymethyl-chitin (CM-chitin) induced cytotoxic macrophages most effectively. Chitosan, hydroxyethyl-chitin, dihydroxypropyl-chitin (DHP-chitin) and DHP-chitosan had moderate activities. Phosphorylated-, sulphonated- or acetyl-chitin, however, were less effective. Both 70% DA-chitin and DHP-chitosan were most active on the suppression of Meth-A tumour growth in BALB/c mice, and 30% DA-chitin had a moderate effect. For the stimulation of non-specific host resistance against Escherichia coli infection, 30% and 70% DA-chitin were effective.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

[Congenital glaucoma].

ōme statistical results have been clarified through research on the infantile glaucoma over the past fifteen years. The incidence of primary glaucoma and secondary, glaucoma was at a ratio of 7:3. Buphthalmos occurred in males and females at a ratio of 2:1. Bilateral and unilateral glaucoma was also seen at a ratio of 2:1. Seventy-five% of the patients visited the clinic within one year of birth. Secondary glaucoma occurred similarly in males and females. The incidence of bilateral and unilateral glaucoma was also similar. Of 14 patients with Sturge-Weber's syndrome, 5 also suffered from Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome. In addition to these facts, one case with specific Peter's anomary showed evidence of chromosomal abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Chemical compositions of cell walls and polysaccharide fractions of spirochetes.

Cellular polysaccharide fractions of various representative members of genera of the family Spirochaetaceae were obtained by the ammonium hydroxide extraction method. The sugar composition of the polysaccharide preparations was complex and many kinds of sugars such as rhamnose, fucose, ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose were detected in all of the spirochetes tested. Of particular interest was the presence of 4-O-methylmannose as a constituent polysaccharide in members of the genus Leptospira. This sugar was not detected in the polysaccharides of Spirochaeta, Borrelia, and Treponema. The chemical compositions of cell wall fractions were also examined. 4-O-Methylmannose was detected in the cell wall polysaccharides of the genus Leptospira but not in cell walls prepared from the Spirochaeta, Borrelia, and Treponema. The diaminopimelic acid present in cell wall peptidoglycans of the genus Leptospira was meso-diaminopimelic acid (A2pm). The molar ratios of alanine, glutamic acid, A2pm, glycine, muramic acid, and glucosamine in leptospiral cell walls were found to be approximately 2:1:1:1:1:1. In contrast to the Leptospira, the peptidoglycans of genera Spirochaeta, Borrelia, and Treponema contained ornithine (Orn) but not A2pm. Since 4-O-methylmannose and A2pm were found in the cell wall fractions of genus Leptospira but not in Spirochaeta, Borrelia, or Treponema, it was suggested that the chemical compositions of the cell wall might become an important criterion for the chemotaxonomy of Spirochaetales.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1984

Stimulation of chemiluminescence and resistance against aerogenic influenza virus infection by synthetic muramyl dipeptide combined with trehalose dimycolate.

The effect on respiratory burst of splenic cells from mice pretreated with oil-in-water emulsions of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), trehalose dimycolate (TDM), or the combination of MDP with TDM was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in response to stimulation by zymosan. Spleen cells from mice pretreated with TDM, but not those of mice treated with MDP, generated increased chemiluminescence. Spleen cells from animals pretreated with the combination of MDP and TDM exhibited markedly enhanced chemiluminescence activity. The effect of enhanced activity of preparations containing MDP combined with TDM was further examined in vivo by an aerosol infection of pretreated mice with a mouse-pathogenic influenza virus. Pretreatment with 6-O-acyl analogs and one ubiquinone derivative of MDP alone did not induce any resistance against influenza virus. Significant protection was conferred only when MDP and certain analogs were combined with TDM. The enhancement of nonspecific resistance to influenza virus infection was related to the chemical structure of the synthetic immunostimulant. A greater degree of protection was induced by the combination of TDM with the lipophilic derivatives like B 30-MDP and L-18 MDP.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1984

Suppression of BCG cell wall-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity by pretreatment with killed BCG: induction of nonspecific suppressor T cells by the adjuvant portion (MDP) and of specific suppressor T cells by the antigen portion (TAP).

We showed previously that antigen-nonspecific suppressor T cells induced by i.v. injection of heat-killed bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were involved in suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). We suggested that the adjuvant portion of BCG might be involved in the induction of these cells. In this report, we show that BCG cell wall-induced DTH responses in mice pretreated with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a minimum adjuvant constituent of BCG, were suppressed nonspecifically. In addition, we show that pretreatment with tuberculin active peptide (TAP), the antigenic peptide from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, induces antigen-specific suppression of DTH responses. In both instances, suppression was shown to be due to non-adherent cells that act to inhibit elicitation of DTH. Furthermore, using the macrophage migration inhibition assay, an in vitro correlate of DTH, we found that antigen-nonspecific and antigen-specific suppressor T cells were induced by the injection of MDP and TAP, respectively. Thus, suppressor T cells induced by the adjuvant and antigen portions of BCG may act by interfering with the lymphokine-dependent mechanisms by which DTH effector T cells elicit DTH.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗